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Effects of NADPH and glutathione on the cellular antioxidation capacity due to H2O2 and •OH elimination.
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The synthesis of two new copolymer conjugates of methoxyoligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate MPEGMA and betulin methacrylate BM was developed via RAFT polymerization. The molar content of BM units was equal to 9–10 and 13–16 mol%, respectively (HPLC, 1H and 13C NMR); molar weights were equal to 75000–115000. CeO2 NPs as a component of the hybrid mate...
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... that utilize the reducing power of NADPH include glutathione reductase, nitric oxide (NO) synthase, cytochrome p450 enzymes, and enzymes in the lipid biosynthesis pathway [42,48]. Figure 9 shows the general scheme of effects of NADPH and glutathione on the cellular antioxidation capacity due to H2O2 and •OH elimination. ...
Citations
... Moreover, the components of polymeric nanocontainers should have antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Cerium (III) nitrate is suitable for these components due to its strong antibacterial and antioxidant properties [23,24]. Previously, using X-ray diffractometry, the authors [22] showed the DHP phosphate group to form nanosized structures with lanthanoids, for example erbium above the erbium nitrate subphase, which differed from the structure of the charged initial DHP monolayer. ...
In this work, we synthesized three bottlebrush copolymers based on methoxy[oligo(ethylene glycol)]methacrylate, methoxy[oligo(propylene glycol)]methacrylate and N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide quaternized by methyl iodide with quaternized unit fraction equaled to 5 and 20%, Mw is equal to from 4467 to 4946. The structure of the polymers was established by ¹H-NMR spectra. The polymer monolayers on pure water were obtained with low πmax (17–22 mN/m), and molecular areas were equal to 9.0, 12.0 and 12.8 nm², respectively. There were investigated mixed polymer monolayers with dihexadecyl phosphate at the air–water interface and at cerium nitrate containing subphase, LB films transferred to silicon substrate using π-A isotherm methods, AFM, and a wetting method. The effect of cerium nitrate on double-decker structure formation at various interfaces was estimated. The approach to obtain stable monolayers of amphiphilic bottlebrush polymers using a preformed substrate from stable monolayers of compounds having an anchor group can be useful in creating new nanoscale structures or polymeric nanocontainers as a delivery system for active pharmaceutical ingredients.
... b There is a second mode, the contribution is small.(superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase).42 This indicates their promise with regard to diseases having oxidative stress as a major trigger.Our results and literature data indicate that micellar polymeric systems based on oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylates containing BeMA as a comonomer are promising as biocompatible polymeric carriers for targeted drug delivery. ...
Betulin, a natural triterpene possessing a wide range of biological activities, has been modified via Steglich esterification to produce a methacrylate derivative capable of participating in radical polymerization. The modification is intended to increase the solubility of betulin, which is almost insoluble in water, by incorporating into the composition of an amphiphilic copolymer. The resulting solubility of betulin in water increased from 8·10 ⁻⁵ mg/mL to more than 10 mg/mL per betulin. For this, well‐defined biocompatible thermoresponsive copolymers with high betulin content have been synthesized through the conventional and RAFT copolymerizations of betulin methacrylate (BeMA) with methoxy oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (MOEGMA). BeMA was more reactive in the BeMA‐MOEGMA pair; the resulting copolymers were slightly enriched with BeMA units (r 1 = 1.70, r 2 = 0.93). The copolymers exhibited LCST‐type behavior. LCST was tuned by balancing the hydrophobic betulin and hydrophilic OEG fragments. The molecular weight characteristics of polymers and their behavior in aqueous and organic solutions have been studied. Copolymers obtained by conventional polymerization had lower cloud points than RAFT copolymers of the same composition. The copolymers are characterized by low critical micelle concentrations that decrease as the BeMA fraction in the copolymers increases. RAFT copolymers were shown to form unimolecular micelles resistant to dissociation, which is promising for their use in targeted drug delivery.
... Composition 24 3.00 1 Data of our samples of BC were published in [28]. ...
... The specific surface area of powder was 233.728 ± 0.237 m 2 /g, the pore volume was 0.607 ± 0.015 cm 3 /g, and the pore diameter was 3.824 ± 0.028 nm, which indicates the high dispersity of the powder. These data are close to those of CeO 2 NPs powder without BC (the specific surface area of the powder was 284.975 m 2 /g, the pore volume was 0.149 cm 3 /g, and the pore diameter was 1.120 nm) [28]. Figure 6 shows that the Ce 3d XPS spectrum proved Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ valence states of cerium in BC-CeO 2 NPs. ...
A soft synthesis of nanoceria with non-stoichiometric composition (33% Ce3+/67% Ce4+) named CeO2 NPs in bacterial cellulose (BC) matrix in the form of aerogel and hydrogel with controlled CeO2 NPs content was proposed. The advantage of CeO2 NPs synthesis in BC is the use of systemic antacid API–trisamine as a precursor, which did not destruct cellulose at room temperature and enabled a reduction in the duration of synthesis and the number of washes. Moreover, this method resulted in the subsequent uniform distribution of CeO2 NPs in the BC matrix due to cerium (III) nitrate sorption in the BC matrix. CeO2 NPs (0.1–50.0%) in the BC matrix had a fluorite structure with a size of 3–5 nm; the specific surface area of the composites was 233.728 m2/g. CeO2 NPs in the BC-CeO2 NPs composite demonstrated SOD-like activity in the processes of oxidation and reduction of cytochrome c (cyt c3+/cyt c2+), as well as epinephrine to inhibit its auto-oxidation in aqueous solutions by 33–63% relative to the control. In vitro experiments on rat blood showed a decrease in the MDA level and an increase in the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes–SOD by 24% and G6PDH by 2.0–2.5 times. Therefore, BC-CeO2 NPs can be proposed for wound healing as antioxidant material.
... Recently, the substance's lipophilicity was shown to be regulated by the formation of complexes or conjugates with metals oxide nanoparticles [8,9]. As such, the conjugates of hydrophilic mildronate with nanoceria [10] and conjugates of methoxyoligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate and betulin methacrylate with nanoceria [11] demonstrated a synergistic effect in a pharmacological activity. ...
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) modified by oxopyrymidine alcohol, also known as xymedone (Xym), were obtained and studied using FTIR, UV-vis, and fluorescent spectroscopy, and SEM, BET, powder XRD, and DLS analysis. A formulation of thixotropic hydrophilic gels containing Carbopol-based Xym and ZnO NPs was developed. A vertical Franz cell with a cellulose acetate membrane was used as a model to investigate the passive diffusion of the gel components by AAS. The gel components—Xym and ZnO NPs—were shown to penetrate through acetyl cellulose membrane within 5–7 h depending on an initial amount, and its values were in the range of 56–77%. The penetration of modified ZnO NPs by Xym was more effective in contrast to ZnO NPs without modification. The burn wound healing activity of ZnO NPs–Xym gel was demonstrated on a thermal burn wound model on rats. SOD and GR activity was increased by 30–35% during ZnO NPs–Xym gel treatment, the burn area on 10 postburn day decreased by 10% in contrast to a positive control, Methyluracyl®® ointment.
The inherent chemical functionalities of biobased monomers enable the production of renewably sourced polymers that further advance sustainable manufacturing. Itaconic acid (IA) is a nontoxic, commercially produced biobased monomer that can undergo both UV and thermal curing. Betulin is a biocompatible, structurally complex diol derived from birch tree bark that has been recently studied for materials with diverse applications. Here, betulin, IA, and biobased linear diacids, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid (C12) and 1,18-octadecanedioic acid (C18), were used to prepare thermosets using sequential and bulk curing methods. Thermoplastic polyester precursors were synthesized and formulated into polyester-methacrylate (PM) resins to produce sequential UV-curable thermosets. Bulk-cured polyester thermosets were prepared using a one-pot, solventless melt polycondensation using glycerol as a cross-linker. The structure–property relationships of the thermoplastic polyester precursors, sequentially prepared PM thermosets, and bulk-cured polyester thermosets were evaluated with varying IA content. Both types of thermosets exhibited higher storage moduli, Tgs, and thermal stabilities with greater IA comonomer content. These results demonstrate the viability of using IA as a comonomer to produce betulin-based thermosets each with tunable properties, expanding the scope of their applications and use in polymeric materials.
