FIGURE 2 - available via license: CC BY
Content may be subject to copyright.
| Effects of MeJA on root colonization of wheat by Trichoderma harzianum at 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 DAS under pathogenic stress conditions. Data are mean (n = 5) and vertical bar lines represent standard error of mean, data with different letters show significant difference in column data in randomized block design test at p < 0.05 under Duncan's multiple range test.
Source publication
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of Trichoderma harzianum UBSTH-501- and methyl jasmonate-induced systemic resistance and their integration on the spot blotch pathogen, Bipolaris sorokiniana through enhanced phenylpropanoid activities in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It was found that the application of MeJA (>100 mg L–...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... investigate whether application of MeJA is having any negative effects on root colonization by T. harzianum UBSTH-501, an experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions. Results clearly indicate that treatment with MeJA (150 mg L −1 ) did not result in any reduction in the cfu count as well as root colonization ability of T. harzianum UBSTH-501 compared to that in plants treated with T. harzianum UBSTH-501 alone after 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 days of sowing (Figure 2). ...
Similar publications
Lignin is a major component of secondarily thickened plant cell walls and is considered to be the second most abundant biopolymer on the planet. At one point believed to be the product of a highly controlled polymerization procedure involving just three potential monomeric components (monolignols), it is becoming increasingly clear that the composi...
Citations
... Proteins induced by pathogenesis are involved in plant defense, leading to pathogen death or inducing other plant defense responses (Zhang et al., 2020). Singh et al. (2019) evaluated the antifungal activity of signaling molecules of salicylic acid alone and in combination with Tricyclazole. It significantly increased the activation and accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase, 1-3 glucanase, and chitinase activity in Bipolaris spp. ...
... Salicylic acid and benzoic acid were found to be the most effective plant activators against eyespot disease of sugarcane in both field and greenhouse conditions. Similar results were reported by Singh et al. (2019) who studied the exogenous application of salicylic acid alone and in combination with tricyclazole against Bipolaris spp. under lab and field conditions. ...
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a crucial agro-industrial crop that faces
numerous biotic and abiotic challenges. One of the most severe biotic stresses
affecting sugarcane is eyespot disease, caused by Bipolaris sacchari. This study
focused on managing eyespot disease using resistant varieties, chemicals, and plant
defense activators. Disease samples were collected from Lalian, Chiniot, and
Faisalabad, and the pathogen was isolated and identified from the infected leaves.
In the screening experiment, 10 sugarcane varieties were evaluated. CPF-246
exhibited high resistance, while CPF-247 and CPF-77400 showed resistance to
eyespot disease. The poisoned food technique was used to assess fungicides at
different concentrations (50, 100, and 150 ppm) under in vitro conditions. Tilt
(Propiconazole) exhibited the maximum growth inhibition (4.645 mm) under these
conditions. Plant activators were tested at different concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%,
and 0.75%) in greenhouse conditions. Salicylic acid resulted in the minimum
disease incidence (13.236%, 7.483%, and 6.473%) after 15, 30, and 45 days,
respectively. Under field conditions, the combination of Salicylic acid and Tilt
(12.395%) showed the lowest disease incidence. By employing these newly
investigated management strategies, the farming community can effectively combat
the significant threat posed by eyespot disease to the sugarcane industry.
... Earlier reports revealed Trichoderma viride as the most effective biocontrol agent in inhibiting Bipolaris sorokiniana amongst other strains of Trichoderma under in vitro inhibition studies (Singh et al. 2018). Similarly, Trichoderma spp. was previously identified as a promising biological solution to manage foliar blight disease incited by B. sorokiniana (Singh et al. 2019, Kaur et al. 2021. T. asperellum was also found effective against various phytopathogens using in vitro studies (Rai and Singh 2023, Sehim et al. 2023). ...
In India, spot blotch disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is one of the major constraints in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production. The present study was carried out during 2022–23 at ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi to identify promising biocontrol agents, which can act as eco-friendly alternatives to chemicals against Bipolaris sorokiniana inciting spot blotch on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). In this study, 18 isolates of Trichoderma asperellum, 15 isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and 5 bacterial species were tested against B. sorokiniana under in vitro and in planta conditions. In the dual culture assays, Trichoderma asperellum 8686 and Trichoderma asperellum 8687 showed significantly highest per cent disease inhibition of 71.73% and 71.37% respectively. Among bacterial strains, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens showed significantly good per cent disease inhibition of 64.09% and 57.09% respectively. B. subtilis and Pantoea spp. did not show any pathogen inhibition. In addition, the superior bioagents were also screened out. In the studies on in planta assays, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (per cent disease control-55.19%) was found most effective for seed treatment against B. sorokiniana. Post-inoculation with biocontrol agents revealed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was at par with Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens against B. sorokiniana. Additionally, a combination of seed treatment, pre and post-inoculation treatment of biocontrol agents revealed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma asperellum 8686 were at par with Trichoderma harzianum (Pusa Th3) against B. sorokiniana. Overall, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was more effective and consistent to manage spot blotch disease.
... Consistent with this, recent findings indicate that Trichoderma spp. activates the phenylpropanoid pathway in flavonoid synthesis [77,78]. ...
In the pursuit of maximizing onion (Allium cepa) yield and quality, farmers often face the challenges of unfavorable ecological conditions and inadequate agronomic practices. Therefore, our two-year study investigated the effects of biostimulants (BTs) of plant growth on bulb yield and the bioactive compounds of directly seeded onion. Four treatments were applied: control (C), seaweed extracts (BT1), humic and fulvic acid (BT2), and Trichoderma spp. (BT3). The results demonstrated a significant increase in bulb yield with BT1 (↑ 18.7%), BT2 (↑ 18.0%), and BT3 (↑ 24.3%). Intriguingly, all BTs markedly reduced phenolic content across both years. Additionally, BT1 and BT3 elevated flavonoid levels (↑ 16.8% and ↑ 16.7%, respectively), while BT2 decreased them (↓ 24.2%). Notably, in 2021, DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS tests indicated a significant reduction in antioxidant capacity compared
to C. Our study underscores the important role of BTs in enhancing yield, influencing secondary metabolites and contributing to environmental sustainability in onion cultivation.
... It has been demonstrated in several studies that the application of MeJA can improve the innate disease resistance of plants against pathogen infection and ecological stresses such as cold [28]. Moreover, MeJA has been shown to have insecticidal properties in agricultural crops by enhancing the activities of chitinase and β-1,3 glucanases in plant leaves [29]. ...
... It has been demonstrated in several studies that the application of MeJA can improve the innate disease resistance of plants against pathogen infection and ecological stresses such as cold [28]. Moreover, MeJA has been shown to have insecticidal properties in agricultural crops by enhancing the activities of chitinase and β-1,3 glucanases in plant leaves [29]. ...
The aim of this study was to find out how different postharvest temperatures and MeJA treatments affected the quality of table grapes, their antioxidant properties, and the amount of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde they contained. For the investigation, postharvest Shine Muscat table grapes were treated with low and high temperatures and MeJA at concentrations of 10 and 100 µmol/L. The results indicated that treating grape berries with MeJA at concentrations of 10 and 100 µmol/L effectively reduced weight loss and mitigated the increase in soluble solid content while also mitigating the decrease in berry firmness and titratable acidity. Consequently, this treatment preserved the sensory and nutritional qualities of the berries and extended their shelf life. Meanwhile, the application of MeJA at a concentration of 10 µmol/L demonstrated superior effectiveness compared to the 100 µmol/L concentration and resulted in a significant enhancement of antioxidant activities by increasing levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. Furthermore, the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in the samples increased for all treatments throughout the storage period. Nevertheless, the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde generation following MeJA treatment remained much lower compared to samples treated at room temperature and low temperature. Therefore, the postharvest application of MeJA at a concentration of 10 µmol/L could play a critical role as a
stimulator of fruit quality as well as enhance physicochemical parameters and antioxidant activities for extending the shelf life of grapes during storage.
... In the last decade jasmonates (Jas), particularly methyl jasmonate (MeJa), have frequently been applied as modulators of ripening and senescence processes in fruits . However, MeJA is mainly known for its ability to enhance the innate disease resistance of plants against pathogen infection and abiotic stress, such as cold (Singh et al., 2019). These actions are also a consequence of Ja capacity to modulate the biosynthesis of other phytohormones (Ahmad et al., 2016). ...
In horticulture, Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are applied during cultivation in the field to control and regulate different processes with positive effects on stress responses and general performance, including yield, composition, and quality of the harvested produce. Both vegetative and reproductive activities may be affected by PGRs and, considering specifically fruit crops, the effects of these field treatments can also be observed in terms of storage behavior and postharvest physiology. The postharvest effects of inhibitors, antagonists, promoters or releasers of gibberellins, cytokinins, auxins and ethylene depend on the concentration, chemical formulation and plant developmental stage at the time of treatments. Ethylene-related PGRs in particular, applied to control ripening and optimize harvesting, have marked residual effects observed during the storage life. In addition to these hormonal categories, other substances such as salicylic acid, brassinosteroids and jasmonates, recognized as having physiological effects in developing plants and inducing compositional changes in fruits at harvest, are effective in altering specific postharvest ripening processes, such as firmness loss and ethylene physiology. The stimulation of antioxidant enzymes activity and the maintenance of cell membrane integrity during storage, resulting in a reduction of chilling injury incidence, appear to be among the main effects of the field application of these PGRs. This review emphasizes the implications of PGR applications during cultivation on fruit postharvest.
... IR fits well into IPM as activation of innate plant immunity could replace or reduce the pesticide dosage (Yassin et al. 2021). The efficacy of IR stimuli can be improved by combining them with other IR agents (Reuveni et al. 2001;Walters et al. 2011), bio-stimulants (Pereira et al. 2021), biocontrol agents (Abd El-Rahman and Mohamed 2014; De Jong et al. 2019;Singh et al. 2019b;Yi et al. 2013;Zehra et al. 2017), or pesticides (Baider and Cohen 2003;Liljeroth et al. 2010;Percival and Graham 2021;Reuveni et al. 2001;Sharma et al. 2011). Besides combining IR agents with chemical pesticides, another strategy to improve their efficacy is identifying compounds combining biocidal and IR activity (Schouteden et al. 2017;Yassin et al. 2021) or by devising a proper method of application (Molinari 2016;Pankaj et al. 2013). ...
Induced resistance (IR) is a unique physiological state characterized by reduced plant susceptibility to (a)biotic stress. Our previous studies showed that exogenous foliar application of dehydroascorbate (DHA), the oxidized form of ascorbic acid, induces systemic resistance against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola in rice. In the present study, the potential of DHA in protecting rice plants against M. graminicola was evaluated in lab, pot, and field studies. In an experiment where the interval between foliar treatment and inoculation was varied, 20 mM DHA was found to protect rice plants from M. graminicola for at least 14 days. Pot and field studies confirmed that 10 or 20 mM DHA are highly effective in reducing gall formation and led to a significant increase in rice seed yield. A half dose of DHA (10 mM) combined with another IR-stimulus - piperonylic acid (PA) 300 µM - was at par with DHA 20 mM, leading to reductions in gall formation of more than 80%. In in vitro bioassays, DHA was found to be highly nematicidal to the second-stage juveniles of M. graminicola, with more than 90% mortality within 3 h of exposure to 10 or 20 mM concentrations. While seed treatment had no effect, root drenching or root dipping was also effective in reducing rice susceptibility to M. graminicola, next to foliar treatment. As a dual-action compound with extended protection and ease of application, DHA has great potential for effective nematode management in rice.
... Concerning leaves, plant systemic resistance induced by Trichoderma spp. correlate with a significant increase in JA-related markers, which is consistent with several works [116,177]. However, a complete re-organization of the JA-marker transcripts accumulations occurs when Trichoderma is coinoculated with F. culmorum, while F. culmorum alone displayed inhibitor activity on these JA-markers. ...
... Both molecules are natural inducers of plant resistance and their concomitant application with Trichoderma spp. significantly improves the induction of plant immune responses [175,177]. In addition, MeJA also exhibits significant antimicrobial activities by inhibiting spore germination and mycelial development of various plant pathogenic fungi [178][179][180]. ...
Beneficial microorganisms, including members of the Trichoderma genus, are known for their ability to promote plant growth and disease resistance, as well as being alternatives to synthetic inputs in agriculture. In this study, 111 Trichoderma strains were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Florence Aurore, an ancient wheat variety that was cultivated in an organic farming system in Tunisia. A preliminary ITS analysis allowed us to cluster these 111 isolates into three main groups, T. harzianum (74 isolates), T. lixii (16 isolates) and T. sp. (21 isolates), represented by six different species. Their multi-locus analysis (tef1, translation elongation factor 1; rpb2, RNA polymerase B) identified three T. afroharzianum, one T. lixii, one T. atrobrunneum and one T. lentinulae species. These six new strains were selected to determine their suitability as plant growth promoters (PGP) and biocontrol agents (BCA) against Fusarium seedling blight disease (FSB) in wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum. All of the strains exhibited PGP abilities correlated to ammonia and indole-like compound production. In terms of biocontrol activity, all of the strains inhibited the development of F. culmorum in vitro, which is linked to the production of lytic enzymes, as well as diffusible and volatile organic compounds. An in planta assay was carried out on the seeds of a Tunisian modern wheat variety (Khiar) by coating them with Trichoderma. A significant increase in biomass was observed, which is associated with increased chlorophyll and nitrogen. An FSB bioprotective effect was confirmed for all strains (with Th01 being the most effective) by suppressing morbid symptoms in germinated seeds and seedlings, as well as by limiting F. culmorum aggressiveness on overall plant growth. Plant transcriptome analysis revealed that the isolates triggered several SA- and JA-dependent defense-encoding genes involved in F. culmorum resistance in the roots and leaves of three-week-old seedlings. This finding makes these strains very promising in promoting growth and controlling FSB disease in modern wheat varieties.
... Biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes offers a promising alternative to pesticides, which had attained lots of attention over the years. Under these circumstances, using microbe-based strategies for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes has been reported to be an environmentally friendly, safe, and residue-free approach (Singh et al. 2012a(Singh et al. , b, 2013(Singh et al. , 2019a. Several biological control agents of microbial origin have been evaluated and used to control the plantparasitic nematodes in many crops. ...
Nematodes and fungi are soil inhabitants. Both are essential for maintaining the stability of food-web and facilitation of the nutrient cycle. Interaction between nematodes and fungi is possible in multiple ways. Here, we supply a platform for nematophagous (nematode destroying) fungi (NF), their mode of action, and their importance in agricultural ecosystems. They are potentially important for sustainable agriculture and play a major role in integrated pest management programs. Nematophagous fungi belong to a broad taxonomic group, such as Ascomycota, Oomycota, Basidiomycota, and distinct groups of fungi. Nematophagous fungi are broadly distributed in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems that contain high densities of nematodes. Depending on the mechanism that affects nematode, NF can be divided into four types. Here, we described the classification, taxonomy, occurrence, distribution and ecology, types of nematophagous fungi, and potential mechanisms of NF in the control of plant-parasitic nematodes.KeywordsPlant-parasitic nematodesNematophagousBiological control
Arthrobotrys oligospora
Egg parasitesSecond-stage juveniles
... A number of antagonistic strains inhibiting B. sorokiniana have been reported. Several antagonistic strains (e.g., Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense, Pseudomonas mediterranea, etc.) inhibiting B. sorokiniana have been reported and these strains obtained by screening from soil are considered safe for the growing environment and mammals [14][15][16][17][18]. Among them, Bacillus are considered as the greatest potential to be developed as a biopesticide because of their broad-spectrum antibacterial properties and significant growth-promoting effect. ...
Common root rot caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana infestation in wheat is one of the main reasons for yield reduction in wheat crops worldwide. The bacterium strain JK-25 used in the current investigation was isolated from wheat rhizosphere soil and was later identified as Bacillus halotolerans based on its morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular properties. The strain showed significant antagonism to B. sorokiniana, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, and Rhizoctonia zeae. Inhibition of B. sorokiniana mycelial dry weight and spore germination rate by JK-25 fermentation supernatant reached 60% and 88%, respectively. The crude extract of JK-25 was found, by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), to contain the surfactin that exerted an inhibitory effect on B. sorokiniana. The disruption of mycelial cell membranes was observed under laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) after treatment of B. sorokiniana mycelium with the crude extract. The antioxidant enzyme activity of B. sorokiniana was significantly reduced and the oxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased after treatment with the crude extract. The incidence of root rot was significantly reduced in pot experiments with the addition of JK-25 culture fermentation supernatant, which had a significant biological control effect of 72.06%. Its ability to produce siderophores may help to promote wheat growth and the production of proteases and pectinases may also be part of the strain’s role in suppressing pathogens. These results demonstrate the excellent antagonistic effect of JK-25 against B. sorokiniana and suggest that this strain has great potential as a resource for biological control of wheat root rot strains.
