Figure - uploaded by Gulcan Avci
Content may be subject to copyright.
Effects of ERDOS on the MDA (a) and NOx (b) levels in diazinonintoxicated rat. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 7 per group). Values bearing different letters on the bars show statistically significant differences in the whole blood MDA, and plasma NOx (p < 0.05). DZN, diazinon; ERDOS, erdosteine; MDA, malondialdehyde; NOx, nitric oxide.
Source publication
In today’s world, pesticides are commonly used to control pests and in advanced agriculture. As an organophosphorus insecticide (OPI), diazinon (DZN) is a commonly used substance. However, the widespread usage of DZN increases the probability of incidence of toxication. This toxication has been reported to be shaped not through cholinergic syndrome...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... caused by free radicals. The MDA levels in the blood samples of the rats that were administered DZN were observed to increase significantly in comparison to those in the control group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the MDA levels of the DZN + ERDOS group were observed to decrease significantly (p < 0.05) in comparison to the DZN group (Fig. ...Citations
... In the liver of rats, it disrupts the transit of mitochondrial membranes [63]. The present study showed that MDA, ROS, NO, H 2 O 2 , and protein carbonyl (PC) increased significantly after oral administration of DZN, accompanied by significant decreases in SOD, CAT, GST, GPx, and TAC levels; these findings were in harmony with those of Ajibade et al. [64], who reported elevations in renal tissue injury markers that are associated with oxidative stress and increased ROS production as a result of DZN toxicity [65]. Free radical generation by DZN in rat liver tissue was shown to enhance MDA levels, as reported by SH AQ [66]. ...
... In line with Birdane et al. [64], our study revealed that TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly elevated in DZN-treated rats; this elevation may be attributable to the positive correlation between oxidative stress and TNF-α expression [85]. In addition, DZN intoxication may promote TNF-α expression directly or indirectly through oxidative stress. ...
The health benefits of thymoquinone (TQ) have been a significant focus of numerous studies. However, more research is needed to ascertain whether its nano-form can effectively treat or prevent chronic diseases. In this study, we investigated how thymoquinone and its nanoparticles can mitigate liver damage induced by diazinon in male Wistar rats and explored the intracellular mechanisms involved. Forty-two Wistar male rats (n = 42) were randomly allotted into seven groups. Group 1 served as the control. Group 2 (vehicle) consisted of rats that received corn oil via a gastric tube daily. In Group 3 (TQ), rats were given a daily oral administration of TQ (40 mg/kg bw). Group 4 (thymoquinone nanoparticles, NTQ) included rats that received NTQ (0.5 mg/kg bw) orally for 21 days. Group 5 (DZN) involved rats that were administered diazinon (DZN, 15 mg/kg bw) orally. In Group 6 (TQ + DZN), rats first received TQ orally, followed by DZN. Group 7 (NTQ + DZN) consisted of rats receiving NTQ orally, then DZN. After 21 days of treatment, the rats were euthanized. After oral administration of DZN, liver enzymes were significantly elevated (p < 0.05). Additionally, there were noticeable increases in oxidative injury markers, such as nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, redox oxygen radicals, and overall increases in hydrogen peroxide and liver protein carbonyl concentrations. This was accompanied by the upregulation of apoptotic markers (Bax, caspase9, caspase 3, bax/Bcl2 ratio), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), and DNA damage. There was also a noteworthy decrease (p < 0.05) in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and anti-apoptotic markers. However, the oral administration of thymoquinone or its nanoparticle form mitigated these diazinon complications; our histopathological findings corroborated our biochemical and molecular observations. In conclusion, the significant antioxidant properties of thymoquinone, or its nanoparticle form, in tandem with the downregulation of apoptotic markers and inflammatory cytokines, provided a protective effect against hepatic dysfunction caused by diazinon.
... Recent developments in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) suggested that in ammation may be related to the prevalence of T2DM in people, even if the role of chronic in ammation in the development of insulin resistance and T2DM has not yet been proven in humans [28]. In addition, a growing number of studies have shown that OPs can cause in ammation except for inhibiting cholinesterase activity [29][30][31], but few studies have examined the role of in ammatory factors in the relationship between OPs and T2DM. ...
Aims
Our investigation focused on the associations between isocarbophos and isofenphos with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as how much of these associations might be accounted for by markers of inflammation.
Methods
There were 2701 participants in a case-control study. Plasma isocarbophos and isofenphos concentrations were measured using gas chromatography and triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Generalized linear models were used to calculate the relationships between plasma isofenphos and isocarbophos levels with inflammatory factor levels and T2DM. Inflammatory indicators were used as mediators to estimate the mediating effects on the above associations.
Results
Isocarbophos and isofenphos were positively related with T2DM after adjusting for other factors. The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for T2DM was 4.1% (OR (95% CI): 1.041 (1.015, 1.068)) and the odds ratio (95% CI) for IFG was 6.6% (OR (95% CI): 1.066 (1.009, 1.127)) per unit rise in ln-isocarbophos. The incidence of T2DM increased by 6.4% for every 1 unit more of ln-isofenphos (OR (95% CI): 1.064 (1.041, 1.087)). Additionally, a 100% rise in ln-isocarbophos was linked to 3.3% higher ln-HOMA2IR and a 0.029 mmol/L higher glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (95% CI: 0.007, 0.051). While a 100% rise in ln-isofenphos was linked to increases in ln-HOMA2 (95% CI: 1.6%, 5.2%) and ln-HOMA2IR (95% CI: 3.6%, 8.1%) of 5.8% and 3.4%, respectively. Furthermore, white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophilic (NE) were found to be mediators in the relationship between isocarbophos and T2DM, and the corresponding proportions were 17.12% and 17.67%, respectively.
Conclusion
Isofenphos and isocarbophos are associated with IFG and T2DM in the rural Chinese population, and the inflammatory indicators (WBC and NE) have a significant role in this relationship.
... The reduction of such antioxidants indicates the oxidative stress state, which was observed in the hyperlipidemic control group. Moreover, increased MDA and nitrite content are other important parameter to determine oxidative stress [34], which was observed in, hyperlipidemic control group. The results of the present study showed that treatment of Edaravone alleviated oxidative stress by elevating the levels of hepatic antioxidants (CAT, SOD, and GSH) and lowering the level of MDA and nitrite contents. ...
Background: Hyperlipidemia is a condition in which blood lipid levels are greater than the normal range, and it is a major risk factor for the development of cardiac heart diseases. It affects 25-30% of the urban and 15-20% of the rural population. The current hyperlipidemia classification schemes and treatment levels are based on the Adult Treatment Program-3 guidelines issued by the National Cholesterol Education Panel, but there is no permanent treatment. So, the present study was aimed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic effect of Edaravone in Triton-X 100 and High Fat Diet-induced hyperlipidemic rat models.
... Free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation can have destructive consequences in the cells. Reactive intermediates such as DZX alters cell permeability and the function of membrane proteins by impairing membrane structure (Birdane et al. 2022). Oxidative damage may provoke the loss of enzymatic activities and the structural integrity of enzymes and activate inflammatory processes that ultimately overwhelm endogenous antioxidant defenses and repair processes leading to initiate cell death (Elgazzar et al. 2022, Elsayed et al. 2022a, 2022b. ...
Background: Ultrasonography is a non-invasive and accurate diagnostic method to evaluate urinary system and its anomalies in the neonates. Kidney sonographic measurement can be used as an alternative method to estimate gestational age. The aim of this study was to measure kidney size in preterm neonates and to provide a guide reference for gestational age.
Methods: Four hundred kidneys (in both sides) of 200 preterm neonates born with gestational age less than 37 weeks were evaluated in the present cross sectional study.
Newborns with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), asphyxia, high grade hydronephrosis, single kidney, polycystic kidney, duplex kidney, dysplastic kidney and hydroureteronephrosis were excluded. Ultrasound investigations were performed in supine and lateral decubitus positions. Birth weight, gestational age, height and sex were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0.
Results: The mean gestational age of patients was 33.8±2.2 weeks. Mean kidney length, width, and thickness were 38.8±3.8 mm, 18.9±2.6 mm, and 21.3±2.6 mm, respectively. In addition, the kidney volume was 84037±2533.4 mm3. Mean diameter of the kidney and its volume were significantly higher in male neonates (P<0.05). Kidneys length and volume had a strong correlation with neonatal birth weight. (r =0.608, p <0.001 , r =0.663, p <0.001 respectively)
Conclusion: A significant positive correlation was observed between renal dimensions and birth weight, gestational age, and height of patients. The results of this study showed that the trend of kidney growth can be used as a reference guide for gestational age in premature neonates.
Here in, we investigated the possible hepatoprotective effects of flaxseed oil on Diazinon (DZN) induced oxidative stress in rat liver. Twenty-five adult male Wistar rats (180–200 g) were divided randomly into five groups: Control group (1 ml normal saline orally), DZN group (70 mg/kg/day, p.o.), flaxseed oil group (200 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and co- treatment groups (DZN 70 mg/kg/day plus flaxseed oil at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day, respectively). Oxidative stress markers including liver and serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total thiol group (TTG) were analyzed. Also liver function tests such as serum Alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were evaluated. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used for liver histological study. Compared to control group, DZN significantly increased liver and serum level of MDA, CAT, TAC and TTG. Also, DZN increased serum ALT, AST, and ALP levels. Flaxseed oil consumption significantly improved oxidative stress status and liver functions tests. Theses effectiveness was completely dose dependent. Also, flaxceed oil ameliorates liver histopathological alterations induced by DZN. Our data demonstrated DZN induced liver toxicity through oxidative stress mechanisms. Flaxceed supplementation had liver protective effects by decreasing oxidative stress markers and improvement of antioxidative status. Also, flaxceed reduced the development of DZN-induced alterations in liver. It seems that flaxceed supplementation may have protective role in DZN-induced oxidative damage in hepatic tissues.
Introduction:
Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in dogs, and is generally managed by caloric restriction. Gut microbiota alteration could represent a predisposing factor for obesity development, which has been associated with a low-grade inflammatory condition and an impaired antioxidant status. Besides, weight loss has been shown to influence the gut microbiota composition and reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress.
Method:
However, these insights in canine obesity have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the differences in serum and inflammatory parameters, antioxidant status, fecal microbiota and bacterial metabolites in 16 obese and 15 lean client-owned dogs and how these parameters in obese may be influenced by caloric restriction. First, for 30 days, all dogs received a high-protein, high-fiber diet in amounts to maintain their body weight; later, obese dogs were fed for 180 days the same diet in restricted amounts to promote weight loss.
Results:
Before the introduction of the experimental diet (T0), small differences in fecal microbial populations were detected between obese and lean dogs, but bacterial diversity and main bacterial metabolites did not differ. The fecal Dysbiosis Index (DI) was within the reference range (< 0) in most of dogs of both groups. Compared to lean dogs, obese dogs showed higher serum concentrations of acute-phase proteins, total thyroxine (TT4), and antioxidant capacity. Compared to T0, dietary treatment affected the fecal microbiota of obese dogs, decreasing the abundance of Firmicutes and increasing Bacteroides spp. However, these changes did not significantly affect the DI. The caloric restriction failed to exert significative changes on a large scale on bacterial populations. Consequently, the DI, bacterial diversity indices and metabolites were unaffected in obese dogs. Caloric restriction was not associated with a reduction of inflammatory markers or an improvement of the antioxidant status, while an increase of TT4 has been observed.
Discussion:
In summary, the present results underline that canine obesity is associated with chronic inflammation. This study highlights that changes on fecal microbiota of obese dogs induced by the characteristics of the diet should be differentiated from those that are the consequence of the reduced energy intake.
The protective effect of Biebersteinia Multifida on diazinon-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats was investigated over 8 weeks. Impacts of diazinon (10 mg/kg daily), Biebersteinia Multifida (500 mg/kg daily), and coadministration of them on oxidative stress parameters besides hematological and biochemical indices were assessed in various groups. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was performed to identify the antioxidant components of plant extract by comparing the mass spectra and retention indices with those given in the literature. Pseudocholinesterase level demonstrated a significant attenuation in the Biebersteinia Multifida+diazinon-treated group in comparison to the diazinon group at the end of the 8th week. Statistical significant differences in hematological and biochemical indices were detectable when the diazinon group was compared to Biebersteinia Multifida+diazinon-treated rats. While diazinon destroyed hepatic and renal functions, Biebersteinia Multifida protected the liver and kidney from diazinon toxic effects by normalizing related function indices at the end of the 8th week. By diminishing malondialdehyde and enhancing the ferric-reducing power, Biebersteinia Multifida minimized the hazardous effect of diazinon-induced oxidative stress. Following these results, the beneficial effects of Biebersteinia Multifida in reducing the toxicity of diazinon should be taken into consideration.
