Effective activation of immunity by MSNs loaded with siRNAs. (A) Preparation and intracellular behavior of c(RGDfK)-MSN; (B) schematic and TEM images of O/siRNA/pD (Nanosac) preparation and antitumor activity of Nanosac in Balb/c mice bearing CT26 tumors; (C) schematic and TEM images of siSTAT3-CpG-NP and its TEM electron micrographs. Effectiveness of siSTAT3-CpG-NP in inducing in situ tumor vaccination in mice bearing bilateral syngeneic melanoma tumors. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

Effective activation of immunity by MSNs loaded with siRNAs. (A) Preparation and intracellular behavior of c(RGDfK)-MSN; (B) schematic and TEM images of O/siRNA/pD (Nanosac) preparation and antitumor activity of Nanosac in Balb/c mice bearing CT26 tumors; (C) schematic and TEM images of siSTAT3-CpG-NP and its TEM electron micrographs. Effectiveness of siSTAT3-CpG-NP in inducing in situ tumor vaccination in mice bearing bilateral syngeneic melanoma tumors. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

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Silencing genes using small interfering (si) RNA is a promising strategy for treating cancer. However, the curative effect of siRNA is severely constrained by low serum stability and cell membrane permeability. Therefore, improving the delivery efficiency of siRNA for cancer treatment is a research hotspot. Recently, mesoporous silica nanoparticles...

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... technology, which can target different molecules, has been used to silence specific targets in tumor cells and noncancerous host cells, enhancing the immune response against tumors [139]. Some cancer cells produce molecules that help them evade the immune system ( Figure 6). These molecules can be targeted for gene silencing by using siRNA. ...

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