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Many recent studies have shown the benefits of scorpion venom, as it components may be used as potential candidates for drug development, especially as antimicrobial compounds against both gram-negative or gram-positive bacterial strains and fungi. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of venom from two s...
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Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a major public concern owing to its neurotropic nature and high morbidity and mortality rates in immunocompromised patients and newborns. Current treatment for this disease is inefficient and produces side effects. Inflammatory mediators produced during T. gondii infection (e.g., cytokines and nitric o...
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... According to the WHO data, the most common resistant bacteria include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by Salmonella spp, which can cause fatal events and for which there are limited antibiotics due to the resistance they have developed (World Health Organization 2018). So, the scorpion venoms are rich source of peptides that have shown great potential in the pharmaceutical industry due to its ability to inhibit the growth and proliferation of various types of microorganisms, including cancer cells (Al-Asmari et al., 2017;Vargas-muñoz et al., 2015;da Mata et al., 2017;Cesa-Luna et al., 2019;Alajmi et al., 2019;Duenas-Cuellar et al., 2020). Despite the increasing number of antimicrobial peptides reported in the NCBI database, only few have been studied within the venom of the Tityus and Centruroides genera (NCBI 2020). ...
... According to the WHO data, the most common resistant bacteria include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by Salmonella spp, which can cause fatal events and for which there are limited antibiotics due to the resistance they have developed (World Health Organization 2018). So, the scorpion venoms are rich source of peptides that have shown great potential in the pharmaceutical industry due to its ability to inhibit the growth and proliferation of various types of microorganisms, including cancer cells (Al-Asmari et al., 2017;Vargas-muñoz et al., 2015;da Mata et al., 2017;Cesa-Luna et al., 2019;Alajmi et al., 2019;Duenas-Cuellar et al., 2020). Despite the increasing number of antimicrobial peptides reported in the NCBI database, only few have been studied within the venom of the Tityus and Centruroides genera (NCBI 2020). ...
... According to Alajmi et al. (2020), scorpion's venom is a valuable source of active chemicals, including several polypeptides, making it crucial in a variety of biological applications. Indeed, polypeptides (which block sodium, potassium, or calcium-gated channels) as well as enzymes are the two most significant substances in scorpion's venom (Al-Malki and Abdelsater, 2020). ...
Hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus were recovered from
27.59% (149/540) of camels Camelus dromedarius from a slaughterhouse
in Cairo. The organ distribution of cysts was 57=38.26% in the lung,
65=43.62 % in the liver, 23=15.44 % in both liver and lungs, and 4=2.68%
in the other organs such as the brain, tongue, and spleen, etc. The
investigation looked at how four compounds from scorpions: chitosan,
chitosan nanoparticles (Cs-NPs), venom as well as venom-loaded chitosan
nanoparticles (V-CN) affect against in vitro hydatid cyst protoscoleces.
Aseptically, cyst fluid protoscoleces were aspirated. Each of the
aforementioned compounds was always examined in triplicates at doses of
20, 50, and 100 µg/ml for incubation periods of 30, 60, 120, and 240 min
to show its scolicidal effects. Using the 0.1% eosin test, the viability of
protoscoleces was determined.
According to the degree of deacetylation (DDA), concentration,
exposure period, and size, all compounds demonstrated statistically
significant differences (P > 0.05) against the protoscoleces activity.
Chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles had a scolicidal action, directly related
to DDA and inversely proportional to size. The most effective scolicidal
compound was venom-loaded chitosan nanoparticles, which destroyed all
protoscoleces at a concentration of 100 µg/ml, after 240 min of incubation.
... The gathered scorpions were maintained individually in plastic containers at 25°C in the Parasitology Lab, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, ''Al-Azhar University" Assuit branch. Electrical stimulation (20 V) in the telson articulation collected venom as reported by (Sarhan et al., 2012;Alajmi et al., 2020). Purified venom droplets were collected in an Eppendorf tube as well as centrifuged for 15 min at 14,000 rpm at 4°C. ...
Echinococcus granulosus parasitic infection in humans causes hydatidosis (also known as echinococcosis), which is a severe zoonotic illness that puts public health at risk.
This research was designed to assess the status of morphological, ultrastructure, and cell apoptosis of E. granulosus protoscolices. For this purpose, the protoscolices were isolated and collected from the hydatid cysts in the lungs and livers of camels, then incubated for 4 hours in Androctonus crassicauda crude venom (ACCV) (at the concentrations of 50 and 100µg/ml). The changes of E. granulosus protoscolices were monitored using light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy, and the caspase-3 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. The current study results have demonstrated the caspase-3 expression was substantially higher in the protoscolices incubated at 100 µg/ml than 50 µg/ml. Also, ACCV caused distinct changes in the morphology and ultrastructure of protoscolices detected by light, TEM, and SEM microscopy. In conclusion, Androctonus crassicauda crude venom (ACCV) may provide an alternative and nonsurgical treatment for hydatidosis. Hence, further studies are recommended to explore the impact of ACCV on inducing apoptosis and structural changes for this parasitic disease.
... Recently, Ortiz et al. (2015) [82] reported the anticancer potential of toxins and venoms of animal origin. Other studies have reported that venom of scorpion exhibits strong antimicrobial activities [83]. ...
Currently, numerous researchers have focused their attention on the use of natural products from plants and microorganisms, or compounds derived from these organisms to protect crops from various diseases, thus reduce the negative effects on human health and environmental safety. Fungal diseases cause a considerable loss of crop yields in agricultural industries worldwide. Fusarium oxysporum comprises a multitude of formae speciales that cause vascular wilt diseases of economically important crops. This review presents an overview of researches realized on natural products tested against Fusarium oxysporum formae speciales phytopathogens for the period (2017-2020). This review aims to collect major research works of the antifungal compounds against these fungi and up-dates information on their developments and approaches that have been rapidly taking place in recent years so that further novel researches can be envisaged. Discussion of these studies by analyzing different sources for antifusariosis treatment, evaluation of testing methods, and information on their advantages and limitations and to determine those with real efficacy. Despite the important number of natural products with remarkable in vitro efficiency, the limiting point is their in vivo application for soil microorganisms (in this case: Fusarium oxysporum). Therefore, more advanced researches are needed to solve this problem.
... The Arabian Fat Tailed Scorpion A. crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) is considered as one of the medically important species belonging to the family Buthidae, and distributed across the Sinai Peninsula, the Arabian Peninsula countries and the Middle East (Kaltsas et al., 2008). Also, antimicrobial peptides (AcrAPs) isolated from A. crassicauda venom showed inhibitory activity against both bacterial and fungal strains (Alajmi et al., 2020;Du et al., 2014). Despite the biochemical and molecular characterization of the venom components of A. crassicauda being documented by several authors (Batista et al., 2002;Caliskan et al., 2006), their peptide nature has not been studied in detail utilizing biomedical and biological approaches. ...
... In the recent decades, several studies have been conducted on the therapeutic of the natural organic products (Aspinall et al., 2002). Such experiments demonstrated a wide range of antibiotic action of natural venom against several pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites (Alajmi et al., 2020;Bahar and Ren, 2013;Bringans et al., 2008;El-Bitar et al., 2015;Nie et al., 2012;Paniagua et al., 2012;Rodríguez De La Vega et al., 2004;Tawfik, 2018;Yan et al., 2011;Alvarenga et al., 2012;Joya et al., 2011). Scorpion venom is a rich source of active compounds, including many polypeptides (Perumal Samy et al., 2017). ...
Hydatidosis is a zoonotic disease that commonly occurs in several places around the world, especially in the Middle East, due to infection by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. This disease impacts an immense effect on the economic and public health of both humans and animals. Despite their effectiveness, the unacceptable side effects and progressive resistance to scolicidal agents may limit their use. According to their biopharmaceutical activity and benefits, numerous studies have reported that scorpion venom and its derivatives represent important resources for therapeutic applications. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the in vitro scolicidal consequences of the crude venom of Androctonus crassicauda on E. granulosus. For this purpose, protoscolices from infected organs of camel containing hydatid cysts were collected, separated, and washed. The scolicidal impacts of three different concentrations of the crude venom (20, 50, and 100 µg/mL) were tested at different times of exposure (30, 60, 120, and 240 min). Particularly, eosin exclusion test was used to examine the viability of the protoscolices. The study results showed that the crude venom at 100 μg/mL destroys all protoscolices after 240 min incubation. Also, the scolicidal activity of venom increased significantly according to the time of exposure. In conclusion, the crude venom of A. crassicauda demonstrated high scolicidal activity in vitro against protoscolices of hydatid cysts in low concentration and short exposure time. However, the efficacy of scorpion venom remains to be evaluated in vivo for the treatment of hydatidosis in both humans and domesticated animals.
Background: Increasing antimicrobial resistance of microbes is one of the leading challenges faced by the medical community and human health. This study focused on a local scorpion species (Buthus sindicus) of Pakistan known for its potent antibiotic properties against Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Methodology: Venom extracted from Buthus sindicus tested against Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa in both crude and partially purified forms. The antibacterial Screening was performed by the Agar-disc diffusion method, using different concentrations of venom while using commercially available antibiotics as positive controls.
Results: Among both two species P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, were tested, there is no zone of inhibition found in any form of Buthus sindicus in the Disc Diffusion Method. Scorpion venom was processed with deionized water, PBS, and Tris-HCl and observed no difference in antibacterial activity.
Conclusion: Our study concluded that no antimicrobial activity was found against any selected drug-resistant pathogens in the venom of Buthus sindicus, probably because of the lack of disulphide bonds.
The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2) interacts with the ACE2 receptor in human cells and starts the infection of COVID-19 disease. Given the importance of spike protein's interaction with ACE2 receptor, we selected some antiviral peptides of venom scorpion such as HP1090, meucin-13, and meucin-18 and performed docking and molecular docking analysis of them with the RBD domain of spike protein. The results showed that meucin-18 (FFGHLFKLATKIIPSLFQ) had better interaction with the RBD domain of spike protein than other peptides. We also designed some mutations in meucin-18 and investigated their interactions with the RBD domain. The results revealed that the A9T mutation had more effective interaction with the RBD domain than the meucin-18 and was able to inhibit spike protein's interaction with ACE2 receptor. Hence, peptide “FFGHLFKLTTKIIPSLFQ“ can be considered as the potential drug for the treatment of COVID-19 disease.
