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Effect of the crude dichloromethan extract from Cheiloclinium cognatum root barks (0.1, 0.3 or 1.0 g/kg, p.o.) on the sleeping time induced by sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice. The vertical bars indicate the means ± SEM, expressed as relative percentage to the control group. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.
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Cheiloclinium cognatum (Hippocrateaceae) has been used in folk medicine to treat fever and edema. In this paper, we report the anti-inÀ ammatory and analgesic activities of the crude dichloromethane extract (DECc) from C. cognatum root barks collected in Auguste de Saint Hilaire wood at Universidade Federal de Goiás. Doses of 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 g/kg...
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Citations
... The triterpenoid metabolite 20-Hydroxymaytenin (20-HM) belongs to a unique group known as quinone-methide pentacyclic triterpenoids or QMTs [1]. In previous reports, a wide range of biological activities was reported from QMTs metabolites, such as antioxidant [2,3], anti-inflammatory [4,5], antimicrobial [6,7], and antidiabetes [8]. ...
The metabolite 20-Hydroxymaytenin (20-HM) is a member of the quinone-methide pentacyclic triterpenoids (QMTs) group. This metabolite group is present only in Celastraceae plants, and it has shown various biological activities from antioxidant to anticancer properties. However, most QMTs metabolites including 20-HM cannot be synthesized in a laboratory. Therefore, we optimized a plant tissue culture protocol and examined the potential of Gymnosporia heterophylla (synonym. Maytenus heterophylla) to produce 20-HM in an in vitro experiment. For the first time, we reported the optimum callus induction medium with a high percentage success rate of 82% from the combination of 1 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid and 5 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid. Later, our cell suspension culture cultivated in the optimum medium provided approximately 0.35 mg/g fresh weight of 20-HM. This concentration is roughly 87.5 times higher than a concentration of 20-HM presenting in Elaeodendron croceum (Celastraceae) leaves. In addition, we also found that 20-HM presented in a cultivation medium, suggesting that G. heterophylla cells secreted 20-HM as an exudate in our experiment. Noticeably, 20-HM was missing when Penicillium cf. olsonii occurred in the medium. These findings hint at an antifungal property of 20-HM.
... Eleven phenolic and quinonemethide triterpenes were isolated from C. cognatum root bark extracts. [5,6] To the isolated compounds were attributed antioxidant potential [6] and biological properties such as analgesic, [7] trypanocidal, [5] and anti-inflammatory [7] activities. Despite the fact of the traditional use of its leaves in treatments of fever and edemas, until this moment, there is no chemical detailed study of the aerial part of C. cognatum. ...
... Eleven phenolic and quinonemethide triterpenes were isolated from C. cognatum root bark extracts. [5,6] To the isolated compounds were attributed antioxidant potential [6] and biological properties such as analgesic, [7] trypanocidal, [5] and anti-inflammatory [7] activities. Despite the fact of the traditional use of its leaves in treatments of fever and edemas, until this moment, there is no chemical detailed study of the aerial part of C. cognatum. ...
... Despite the fact of the traditional use of its leaves in treatments of fever and edemas, until this moment, there is no chemical detailed study of the aerial part of C. cognatum. [7] Even though pentacyclic triterpenes are commonly found in leaves of species of the family Celastraceae and display different pharmacological properties, [8][9][10][11][12][13] just a few studies describe its potential as angiogenesis inhibitors. [14][15][16][17] Angiogenesis is a natural growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels. ...
... In addition, QMTs possess anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-malarial activities (Brinker et al. pharmacological studies by virtue of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Various QMTs have been isolated from C. cognatum, including 22β-hydroxypristimerin, cognatin, pristimerin, maytenin, netzahualcoyene, 22β-hydroxy-maytenin, netzahualcoyondiol and 20α-hydroxy-maytenin (Jeller et al. 2004;Costa et al. 2007). ...
Quinone-methide triterpenoids (QMTs) derived from species of the family Celastraceae have long been used as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-malarial and insecticidal agents. The main problem in producing QMTs on a large-scale from natural sources is the low amounts (<0.4% dry weight) produced by plants grown in vivo. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of QMTs accumulated by roots of Cheiloclinium cognatum cultured in vitro with those of in vivo plants aged 6 months to 10 years. The highest levels of QMTs produced by in vivo specimens were found in root bark of 10-year old plants, but in vitro cultured roots produced 3.52-times more 22β-hydroxy-maytenin and 11.46-times more maytenin. Most importantly, the cultured roots excreted QMTs into the growth medium, thereby facilitating the large-scale production, extraction and purification of these bioactive compounds by means of a continuous and non-destructive bioprocess that would preserve the root cultures.
... Therefore, it is possible that DCM root extract of C. abyssinica inhibited production of prostaglandins that are responsible for induction of inflammation. The dose ranges (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) used in this study for bioscreening of anti-inflammatory activities of the plant extract were similar to dose range [32][33][34]. ...
Various diseases and injuries are always presented with inflammation. Conventional drugs that are prescribed for management of inflammation pose adverse effects after long term use leading to their limited use in clinical settings. Herbal medicines from medicinal plants have been used by mankind to treat diseases and ailments for centuries. Herbal medicines are believed to have secondary metabolites capable of healing diseases and infections. Clutia abyssinica is a shrub that is found in East Africa, Central Africa, and South Africa and it has been used traditionally to cure several ailments including malaria, chest pain, gonorrhea, fever, infertility, pain, inflammation, skin diseases, cancer, liver pains and kidney problems. The aim of the project was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of DCM root extract of C. abyssinica in Swiss albino mice. Thirty Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal control, negative control, positive control and three experimental groups. Swiss albino mice were administered with DCM root extract at concentration of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight. Inflammation was induced by injection 1% carrageenan solution into the right hind paw. The DCM extracts of C. abyssinica reduced paw edema by between 0.88% and 5.34%, while diclofenac reduced paw edema by between 2.21 and 5.35%. Phytochemical screening of the plant extract revealed bioactive compounds associated with anti-inflammatory activities. The present study therefore, confirms the folklore use of the medicinal plant to manage inflammation.
... The Hippocrateaceae family, with tropical and subtropical distributions, comprises approximately 18 genera and 300 species, including Hippocratea volubilis L., a woody vine found in several forest formations (Souza and Lorenzi 2008). Although few studies are extant on the Hippocrateaceae family, the plants are used for medicinal purposes, such as Cheiloclinium cognatum, popularly used for the treatment of fevers and edemas due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity (Costa et al. 2007). ...
Cytogenetic studies are a useful tool for the study of systematics and evolution in plants. The current paper reports on polyad production during microsporogenesis of Hippocratea volubilis. The analyzed material was collected in the Ecological Station of Caiuá in Diamante do Norte, PR, Brazil. The meiotic analysis was performed using a squashing technique and the stain was 1% acetic carmine. The chromosome segregation process during meiotic division was normal. However, pollen mother cells (PMCs) were bonded in fours or twos, through cytoplasmic channels during the whole microsporogenesis. After telophase II, four-PMC complexes produced tetra-tetrads with 16 microspores, whereas two-PMC complexes produced bi-tetrads with eight microspores. Microspores formed in the process remained bonded and formed polyads with 16 or eight pollen grains.
We investigated four Cerrado plant species, i.e., Cheiloclinium cognatum (Miers) A.C.Sm, Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Hancornia speciosa Gomes, and Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne, against acetaminophen toxicity using an in vitro assay with HepG2 cells. The activity against acetaminophen toxicity was evaluated using different protocols, i.e., pre-treatment, co-treatment, and post-treatment of the cells with acetaminophen and the plant extracts. HepG2 cell viability after treatment with acetaminophen was 39.61 ± 5.59% of viable cells. In the pre-treatment protocol, the extracts could perform protection with viability ranging from 50.02 ± 15.24% to 78.75 ± 5.61%, approaching the positive control silymarin with 75.83 ± 5.52%. In the post-treatment protocol, all extracts and silymarin failed to reverse the acetaminophen damage. In the co-treatment protocol, the extracts showed protection ranging from 50.92 ± 11.14% to 68.50 ± 9.75%, and silymarin showed 77.87 ± 4.26%, demonstrating that the aqueous extracts of the species also do not increase the toxic effect of acetaminophen. This protection observed in cell viability was accompanied by a decrease in ROS. The extracts’ hepatoprotection can be related to antioxidant compounds, such as rutin and mangiferin, identified using HPLC-DAD and UPLC-MS/MS. The extracts were shown to protect HepG2 cells against future APAP toxicity and may be candidates for supplements that could be used to prevent liver damage. In the concomitant treatment using the extracts with APAP, it was demonstrated that the extracts do not present a synergistic toxicity effect, with no occurrence of potentiation of toxicity. The extracts showed considerable cytoprotective effects and important antioxidant characteristics.
As espécies vegetais apresentam diversas potencialidades conferidas pelo seu metabolismo secundário,
sendo fontes naturais de diversos compostos alternativos ao uso de fármacos laboratoriais. Sua aceitação e estudos científicos ainda se encontram restritos. Esse estudo objetivou apresentar o potencial medicinal/uso popular de espécies coletadas na região do Parque Estadual do Cristalino; apresentar os compostos secundários isolados destas plantas com base em literatura; apresentar a distribuição geográfica na região do parque para as plantas as quais foram encontradas literatura de uso medicinal. Foram consideradas apenas espécies taxonomicamente válidas com potencial medicinal de acordo com literatura cientifica acessível e identificadas de acordo com sistemas de classificação APG IV (2016). 20 espécies apresentaram uso popular e apenas 12 com literatura fitoquímica. Com base nos resultados constata-se a escassez os estudos químicos e que apesar disso uma variedade considerável de compostos foi obtida com a pouca literatura, demonstrando o potencial ainda a ser explorado.
The bark of the underground stem of Tontelea micrantha (Mart. ex. Schult.) A. C. Sm., a native Brazilian Cerrado species, is used in folk medicine for treating kidney ailments. The structures of the underground and the aerial stems were examined and their barks were analyzed for the presence of secondary metabolites. Bark fragments were processed according to conventional techniques in plant anatomy and their chemical compositions examined using histochemical and phytochemical tests, thin layer chromatography, and high-efficiency liquid chromatography. The underground stem is a sobol with unusual cambial activity. Laticifers that secrete terpenoids were present in the cortex and phloem of both organs and can contribute to the identification of the species in field. Druses were present in both barks, but mono-crystals were only observed in the sobol. Tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids occurred in both types of bark, but carotenoids were only detected in the sobol. The similarities between these two organs indicate that the aerial stem bark has potential medicinal use and represents a plausible alternative to harvesting the sobol, which could contribute to the preservation of natural populations of this species.
Inflammation is a complex event linked to tissue damage whether by bacteria, physical trauma, chemical, heat or any other phenomenon. This physiological response is coordinated largely by a variety of chemical mediators that are released from the epithelium, the immunocytes and nerves of the lamina propria. However, if the factor that triggers the inflammation persists, the inflammation can become relentless, leading to an intensification of the lesion. The present work is a literature survey of plant extracts from the South American continent that have been reported to show anti-inflammatory activity. This review refers to 63 bacterial families of which the following stood out: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae and Celastraceae, with their countries, parts used, types of extract used, model bioassays, organisms tested and their activity.
