Figure - available from: Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
![Effect of reinforcement on the appearance of cracks during drying [37]. NS: Natural Silt. OF: Oriented Fibres. MF: Mixed Fibres. CF: Crossed Fibres. SM: Synthetic Mech](publication/355875025/figure/fig4/AS:11431281096836402@1668311090742/Effect-of-reinforcement-on-the-appearance-of-cracks-during-drying-37-NS-Natural-Silt.png)
Effect of reinforcement on the appearance of cracks during drying [37]. NS: Natural Silt. OF: Oriented Fibres. MF: Mixed Fibres. CF: Crossed Fibres. SM: Synthetic Mech
Source publication
![Different representations of the drying kinetic/curve [28]](publication/355875025/figure/fig1/AS:11431281096809859@1668311089392/Different-representations-of-the-drying-kinetic-curve-28_Q320.jpg)
![Detection of cracks during drying of natural silt [37]](publication/355875025/figure/fig3/AS:11431281096854175@1668311089552/Detection-of-cracks-during-drying-of-natural-silt-37_Q320.jpg)
![Effect of reinforcement on the appearance of cracks during drying [37]....](publication/355875025/figure/fig4/AS:11431281096836402@1668311090742/Effect-of-reinforcement-on-the-appearance-of-cracks-during-drying-37-NS-Natural-Silt_Q320.jpg)
![Deformation of building materials at the application of drying process [39]](publication/355875025/figure/fig5/AS:11431281096818950@1668311090783/Deformation-of-building-materials-at-the-application-of-drying-process-39_Q320.jpg)
The paper presents an extensive review on the fundamentals of drying, represented by
drying kinetics, and models of some building materials and their importance as
highlighted in several studies presented by researchers in this area. The objective of
the review is to present gaps and existing approaches that will serve as reference pool
for researc...
Similar publications
Gas-fired radiant panel arrays (RPA) are commonly used in both standardised testing of building materials and experimental fire research to impose a known thermal boundary condition on a sample. When remote from the sample, RPA provides an incident radiant heat flux of known magnitude. However, gas-fired RPAs also produce convective flows of hot ex...
Sustainable construction begins essentially by enabling the application of renewable and recyclable building materials. Cold-formed steel sections providing long-term sustainability and having a high strength-to-weight ratio are finding extensive application in the fields of construction and engineering. The Effective Width Method (EWM) and the Dir...
Citations
... The Modified Page model allows for improved accuracy by adjusting the exponent [19]. The two-term exponential model describes the constant-rate and falling-rate periods with higher precision [20]. The Midilli model captures both the constant-rate and falling-rate periods and exhibits a high degree of fit with experimental data [21]. ...
The utilization of metallurgical waste heat for urban sludge drying and dewatering not only affects the subsequent cost of sludge treatment but also provides a pathway for the rational utilization of metallurgical waste heat. The influence of different experimental conditions on sludge drying characteristics, such as drying temperature and thickness, was analyzed based on metallurgical waste heat. Based on the analysis and evaluation of the drying kinetics parameters of commonly used drying mathematical models, a modified Midilli drying kinetic model is proposed. The kinetic parameters and effective diffusivity of sludge drying were analyzed in three stages of sludge drying: rising rate, constant rate, and falling rate. By utilizing the Arrhenius equation, the relationship between the effective diffusion coefficient and thermodynamic temperature is established, revealing the apparent activation energies for the three stages of urban sludge drying as 29.772 kJ·mol−1, 37.129 kJ·mol−1, and 39.202 kJ·mol−1, respectively. This is closely related to the migration, diffusion, and mass transfer resistance of sludge moisture, indicating that the thickness of sludge accumulation affects the drying time of sludge during the treatment of municipal sludge.
... [32] argues that temperature is the most significant factor that influences drying rate of vegetables. The establishment of good drying kinetic model permits strict quantitative monitoring of physico-chemical changes that occur in the drying process [33]. Thin layer modelling has recently gained wide application in the drying of agricultural produce due to its simplicity to use [34]. ...
Solar drying of agricultural products is one of the key components in food handling and processing. Over the years critical evaluation of different dryer designs has been explored. However, this review paper presents the status of smart solar dryers (SSD). The article is largely focusing on key transition stages in the solar drying technology. Advancement and functionalism of dryer automation systems have been given a particular attention in this paper. Electronic controllers and sensors adopted in previous (2016 to 2022) dryer designs have been highlighted. The paper presents a brief overview of the commonly applied dryer kinetics and models. Economic attributes of smart solar dryers have been discussed in this review. There has been tremendous improvement in the level of intelligence being applied in SSD. PID controllers are the most used electronic control systems in SSD. The application of Internet of Things (IoT) through Arduino is now gaining wide recognition in emerging drying technologies. Aspects of thin layer modelling are extensively applied in the designing and operation of smart solar dryers. Life cycle cost and life benefit cost are figures of merit widely considered in measuring economic viability of any drying technology.
... [32] argues that temperature is the most significant factor that influences drying rate of vegetables. The establishment of good drying kinetic model permits strict quantitative monitoring of physico-chemical changes that occur in the drying process [33]. Thin layer modelling has recently gained wide application in the drying of agricultural produce due to its simplicity to use [34]. ...
Solar drying of agricultural products is one of the key components in food handling and processing. Over the years critical evaluation of different dryer designs has been explored. However, this review paper presents the status of smart solar dryers (SSD). The article is largely focusing on key transition stages in the solar drying technology. Advancement and functionalism of dryer automation systems have been given a particular attention in this paper. Electronic controllers and sensors adopted in previous (2016 to 2022) dryer designs have been highlighted. The paper presents a brief overview of the commonly applied dryer kinetics and models. Economic attributes of smart solar dryers have been discussed in this review. There has been tremendous improvement in the level of intelligence being applied in SSD. PID controllers are the most used electronic control systems in SSD. The application of Internet of Things (IoT) through Arduino is now gaining wide recognition in emerging drying technologies. Aspects of thin layer modelling are extensively applied in the designing and operation of smart solar dryers. Life cycle cost and life benefit cost are figures of merit widely considered in measuring economic viability of any drying technology.
... [32] argues that temperature is the most significant factor that influences drying rate of vegetables. The establishment of good drying kinetic model permits strict quantitative monitoring of physico-chemical changes that occur in the drying process [33]. Thin layer modelling has recently gained wide application in the drying of agricultural produce due to its simplicity to use [34]. ...
Solar drying of agricultural products is one of the key components in food handling and processing. Over the years critical evaluation of different dryer designs has been explored. However, this review paper presents the status of smart solar dryers (SSD). The article is largely focusing on key transition stages in the solar drying technology. Advancement and functionalism of dryer automation systems have been given a particular attention in this paper. Electronic controllers and sensors adopted in previous (2016 to 2022) dryer designs have been highlighted. The paper presents a brief overview of the commonly applied dryer kinetics and models. Economic attributes of smart solar dryers have been discussed in this review. There has been tremendous improvement in the level of intelligence being applied in SSD. PID controllers are the most used electronic control systems in SSD. The application of Internet of Things (IoT) through Arduino is now gaining wide recognition in emerging drying technologies. Aspects of thin layer modelling are extensively applied in the designing and operation of smart solar dryers. Life cycle cost and life benefit cost are figures of merit widely considered in measuring economic viability of any drying technology.
... This phenomenon leads to lower shrinkage observed in SSD compared to other drying methods (Malaikritsanachalee, Choosri, & Choosri, 2020). Figure 11.2 Representation of the drying phases using Krischer's curve (Bennamoun & Ndukwu, 2022). ...
Superheated steam drying (SSD) is simply a kind of convective drying of materials by utilizing steam-heated beyond its boiling point instead of air, which is in direct contact with the material. This chapter discusses the fundamentals of SSD, different methods of SSD application, and mathematical models developed for SSD applications. The advantages and disadvantages of introducing superheated steam in drying methods of foodstuff were presented in this chapter. As part of the fundamentals, the different drying phases were discussed.
