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Effect of leaf extract and fractions of Solanum anomalum on body and Kidney weights of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
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In ethnomedicine, the leaf of S. anomalum is used to treat a variety of illnesses, including diabetes. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of S. anomalum leaf extract and fractions on the kidney function indices, renal histology, and indicators of oxidative stress in rats with diabetes caused by alloxan. Antioxidative stress and renopr...
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... effects were similar to that of standard drug, glibenclamide. Day 14 results for 70, 140, and 210 mg/kg and glibenclamide were 64,08%, 63.43%, 65.43%, and 64.54%, respectively (Table 1). The different fractions administration resulted in sustained significant (p<0.05-0.001) ...Citations
Background: The complicated host-parasite relationships have hindered the effective diagnosis, treatment, and control of human parasitic diseases. This review examines how genomics and proteomics are unraveling these complex interactions and transforming human parasitology.
Materials & Methods: Related studies were chosen according to the PRISMA flow diagram. An extensive literature search between January 1, 2022 and March 31, 2023 was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, and a systematic screening process was undertaken, resulting in the identification and inclusion of 72 studies in this narrative review on the applications of genomics and proteomics in human parasitology research. Articles that were duplicates, irrelevant based on title/abstract screening, unavailable, or irrelevant based on full text review were excluded from the study.
Findings: A total of 453 records were retrieved, of which 72 articles remained after title, abstract, and full text screening. Genomics and proteomics have elucidated parasite biology, enabled precision diagnostics, and guided drug development by providing molecular insights into host-parasite interactions. However, challenges remain, including computational complexity and translation of findings to human infections.
Conclusion: The integration of genomics and proteomics has allowed an unprecedented understanding of human parasites and holds great promise for improving diagnosis, treatment, and control.
Aim: there is a surge in herbal product sales with less adequate information on their safety. The toxicity concerns of Mr. Flush® polyherbal formulation on hematological and biochemical parameters was investigated in Wistar rats. Methodology: Thirty Wistar rats of both genders were randomly allotted to six groups (5 per group) and treated by oral administration daily thus: Groups 1 and 2-Controls (distilled water, 10 mL/kg), Groups 3-4; 5-6 received the Polyherbal mixture (374, 748) mg/kg, respectively. On 62nd day, animals were euthanized under diethyl ether anesthesia and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture for biochemical evaluation. Eviscerated liver and kidneys were weighed and fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological examination. Results: The LD50 of the Polyherbal Formulation was estimated to be 3740.17 mg/kg (mouse per oral). Results were considered significant at p ≤0.05. There was significant increase in blood platelets (PLT) in low dosed and high dosed groups compared with control, WBCs increased in treatment groups compared with controls. Kidney function parameters such as Urea and Creatinine were elevated in all treatment groups compared to control. Histopathology of the kidneys revealed degrees of pathologies such as occluding Bowman's space, widened proximal and distal convoluted tubules, hyperplasia of cortical tissue cells as well as hyperplasia of tubular and connective tissue cells. Conclusion: There are significant nephrotoxicity concerns with the long-term consumption of this polyherbal formulation. Findings from the study suggests utmost care in the dosage of herbal formulations when consumed and total abstinence where possible.
Background and Objective: With worldwide research in ethnopharmacology, some herbal medicines have been translated into modern remedies. There are many forms in which herbs can be administered. Anacardium occidentale is a plant with several benefits. The aim of this work is to Evaluate the effect of Anacardium occidentale cashew apple juice on kidney of Gentamicin Induced Injury in Albino Rats. Method: For this study, a total of thirty rats were employed. The positive control in Group 1 was given saline as usual. Groups 3, 4, and 5 each received 10, 20, and 40 ml/kg of the extract, whereas Group 2 received normal saline for eight days. Animals in groups 2 through 5 received gentamicin 100 mg/kg bw orally on the eighth (8th) day. On the ninth day, 20 hours after the previous dose, all animals were weighed once more and sacrificed using diethylether. Result: When compared to the paracetamol group, the extract significantly (P<0.05) raised RBC, PCV, Hb, platelet, and WBC values. When compared to the gentamicin group, there was no significant improvement in the weight to body size ratio of rats in the extracts group (P<0.05) when compared to the gentamicin group. The levels of urea were significantly improved (P<0.05) while creatinine level did not significantly reduce when compared to gentamicin group. Additionally, histological study supports biochemical parameters. Conclusion: The findings imply that Anacardium occidentale cashew apple may be useful in managing some renal disorders as well as protecting the kidney against some hazardous pollutants.
Background and Objective: Globally, COVID-19 has killed more than 5 million individuals and affected millions more. The virus's recent identification in multiple variants has complicated the virus's containment efforts. In addition, a variety of ways have been used to comprehend and control the virus, and the creation of vaccinations has been quite beneficial. Understanding how the virus spread inside each country may help assess relative infectivity and the need for a vaccine because of the complete lack of knowledge about the virus, the scarcity of vaccine supplies, etc. Analysis and understanding of the progress, trend and consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic over seven days and across different countries of the world: 7 th to 13 th of March, 2022. Materials andMethods:Data from one hundred and forty-two countries were studied based on continents, countries and cases of infection. Data were obtained from United Nations Geoschemeand WHO. They were analyzed and compared to values obtained forthe United State of America (USA). Result: Data analyzed showed that the USA has made progress in containing the virus compared to previous months and years. MostAfrican countries are relativelyunaffected while Americans and Europeans appear to be most affected. Conclusion:The result from the study shows that the Africansystem may have developed various mechanisms to cope and survive the virus pandemic compared to other regions of the world. Hence, vaccination may be Africa's least problem.
Aim: there is a surge in herbal product sales with less adequate information on their safety. The toxicity concerns of Mr. Flush® polyherbal formulation on hematological and biochemical parameters was investigated in Wistar rats. Methodology: Thirty Wistar rats of both genders were randomly allotted to six groups (5 per group) and treated by oral administration daily thus: Groups 1 and 2-Controls (distilled water, 10 mL/kg), Groups 3-4; 5-6 received the Polyherbal mixture (374, 748) mg/kg, respectively. On 62nd day, animals were euthanized under diethyl ether anesthesia and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture for biochemical evaluation. Eviscerated liver and kidneys were weighed and fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological examination. Results: The LD50 of the Polyherbal Formulation was estimated to be 3740.17 mg/kg (mouse per oral). Results were considered significant at p ≤0.05. There was significant increase in blood platelets (PLT) in low dosed and high dosed groups compared with control, WBCs increased in treatment groups compared with controls. Kidney function parameters such as Urea and Creatinine were elevated in all treatment groups compared to control. Histopathology of the kidneys revealed degrees of pathologies such as occluding Bowman's space, widened proximal and distal convoluted tubules, hyperplasia of cortical tissue cells as well as hyperplasia of tubular and connective tissue cells. Conclusion: There are significant nephrotoxicity concerns with the long-term consumption of this polyherbal formulation. Findings from the study suggests utmost care in the dosage of herbal formulations when consumed and total abstinence where possible.
Background/aim: Antiretroviral drugs has unwanted effects that are potentially severe enough to make patients stop compliance. The likelihood of more severe side effects increases if these treatments are taken for longer periods of time. This study aims to assess the therapeutic impact of Moringa oleifera on blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels in HIV/AIDS patients taking antiretroviral combo therapy. Method: A total of one hundred and forty (140) HIV adult patients comprising of 84 females and 56 maleswho have been monitored to be on Tenofovir/Lamivudine/efavirenz (300/300/600mg) TLE combination for a minimum of six months, before commencement of the study. Moringa oleifera (200mg), was to be used by the patients from the first day of visit to third day of visit (visit 0, 1 and 2). Blood samples were collected during each visit and analyzed for important biomarkers. Result: Significant reduction in blood triglyceride and cholesterol level (P<0.01) where observed in subjects in visit 1 and 2 when compared to day 0. Also, there was significant improvement in blood triglyceride and cholesterol level (P<0.01) in visit 2 compared to first visit of TLE regimen when compared to patients that did not received Moringa oleifera. No significant improvement in cholesterol and triglyceride level (P<0.01) were observed in patients that did not receive moringa. Conclusion: From the study it can be suggested that Moringa oleifera can be beneficial in improving metabolic parameters in HIV/AIDs patients
Background and Objective: The COVID-19 has set the globe on a difficult path. While several successes have been achieved, there are
still many yet to be understood. This study provides an update report on progress of COVID-19 pandemic from 19th-25th January, 2022
across different countries of the world. Materials and Methods: Data from one hundred and ninety six countries and regions of the world
were gotten from United Nations geoscheme. Results were collated and subsequently compared to the values obtained for USA.
Results: Comparing available data with that of USA, American continent had higher mortality Comparism Factor than infection cases,
while European continents had higher infectious comparism value than mortality value. African continents, with exception of South Africa
and Botswana, seems unbothered in value of mortality and infectivity. Conclusion: The new wave and virus variant have caused a renewed
surge in it global consequence. There is the need to understand how Africa has survive all variant of the virus with minimal medical
facilities.
