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Effect of initial dye concentration (A) (1 h process time, 50 g/L large pulverized FS, and 60 °C) and amounts of scale used (B) (1 h process time, 50 gm/L dye solution, and 60 °C temperature).
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Fish scales (FS), a byproduct of the fish processing industry, are often discarded carelessly. In this present study, FS were used as a promising bio-sorbent for the removal of anionic acid dyes (acid red 1 (AR1), acid blue 45 (AB45) and acid yellow 127 (AY127)) from the wastewaters of textile coloration. Here, physiochemical characterizations of t...
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Context 1
... dye stock solutions and amounts of FS (Table 3) were used to study their effects on dye removal efficiency. Figure 5A shows that the dye absorbed in scales was increased for all dyes with the increase of the dye initial concentrations. On the other hand, the dye removal percentage remained almost constant, because the added dye molecules with the increase of dye initial concentration were absorbed by FS in their free dye binding sites. ...
Context 2
... the other hand, the dye removal percentage remained almost constant, because the added dye molecules with the increase of dye initial concentration were absorbed by FS in their free dye binding sites. On the other hand, dye loading in scales with the increase of the FS amounts decreased (Figure 5B), and removal percentages increased until saturation. The dye removal percentages for AR1, AB45 and AY127 were around 44%, 64% and 84%, and maximum dye absorption in FS for those dyes were 1.8, 2.7 and 3.4 mg/g, respectively. ...
Context 3
... dye stock solutions and amounts of FS (Table 3) were used to study their effects on dye removal efficiency. Figure 5A shows that the dye absorbed in scales was increased for all dyes with the increase of the dye initial concentrations. On the other hand, the dye removal percentage remained almost constant, because the added dye molecules with the increase of dye initial concentration were absorbed by FS in their free dye binding sites. ...
Context 4
... the other hand, the dye removal percentage remained almost constant, because the added dye molecules with the increase of dye initial concentration were absorbed by FS in their free dye binding sites. On the other hand, dye loading in scales with the increase of the FS amounts decreased (Figure 5B), and removal percentages increased until saturation. The dye removal percentages for AR1, AB45 and AY127 were around 44%, 64% and 84%, and maximum dye absorption in FS for those dyes were 1.8, 2.7 and 3.4 mg/g, respectively. ...
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Citations
... Per capita freshwater resources per year are projected to decline from 7370 in 2000 to 5717 m 3 in 2025 as water demand increases [1,2]. Furthermore, although water occupies more than 70% of our planet, only 1% of freshwater is available for use, and most of that is used for industrial purposes [2,3]. One of the main water-consuming industries, the textile industry is a sector with large industrial plants, requiring up to 150 L of water to process 1 kg of cotton fabric [4][5][6]. ...
... In aquatic habitats, it depletes the necessary level of dissolved oxygen due to the high BOD and COD and obstructs the passage of light due to the high turbidity of the dyes [6,26], and the high production of surfactant foams, negatively affecting the respiratory process and photosynthesis, creating hypoxic conditions that are dangerous for the creatures that live in this environment [2]. Also, these contaminants cause many waterborne diseases such as nasal disorders, skin diseases, allergies, skin and eye irritation, eczema, urticaria, asthma, and anemia [3,27,28], and some azo dyes and reagents (such as formaldehydes) are mutagenic and carcinogenic, potentially causing cancer [29]. ...
... The change in wavelength may be attributed to the formation of a complex resulting from electrostatic interaction between the positive charge of CTABr and the sulfonate/sulfate group of the dye, which alters the structure's configuration [20,78]. Based on the results presented above, we verified the matrix effect on the dye quantification by constructing two curves: one in the solvent (deionized water) and the other in the matrix (NaCl, 1000 mg L −1 and CTABr, 0.95 mMol L −1 ), as shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 2 The UV-vis absorption spectrum of dye RRRB133 (75 mg L −1 ) as a function of pH (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved. ...
The optimization and modeling of the electrocoagulation process which conducted by means of current density (X1), temperature (X2), and CTABr surfactant concentration (X3), in the removal of Remazol Red RB 133, were performed through the response surface methodology (RSM). The experiments were conducted in a batch reactor with 304 stainless steel electrodes connected in parallel monopolar configuration. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to measure the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (Y1), dye (Y2), and current efficiency (Y3). The analysis of variance for the predicted models of the responses showed that they were statistically satisfactory and had a high coefficient of determination (\({R}_{{Y}_{1}}^{2}=\) 0.8424, \({R}_{{Y}_{2}}^{2}=\) 0.8952, and \({R}_{{Y}_{3}}^{2}=\) 0.9534). The optimized conditions of 0.7 A, 35 °C, and 0.75 mmol L−1 were found to achieve removal rates above 88% and were also effective in the treatment of textile effluent in a continuous system. The removal rates for DOC and dye were 88.16% and 99.97%, respectively, with a current efficiency of 60.7%. The results of theoretical studies, practical tests, and HPLC and GC–MS analyses indicated that the removal of the RRRB133 dye may be governed by simultaneous mechanisms of sweeping flocculation and degradation reactions.
... 43,44 It can perform as an efficient thickener and help with works like mixing, filling, pumping, and pouring surprisingly at very low concentration. Furthermore, it shows high stability in a wide temperature range (0-90 C), pH (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), and an ionic strength of 150 g/L of NaCl. Additionally, XG has been used in improvement of the colloidal stability of emulsions and also causes reduction in its suspectable nature to the constraint arising at the time of processing and packaging of products. ...
Naturally occurring xanthan gum (XG) has much commercial importance because of its excellent physicochemical, eco‐friendly, and non‐toxic properties. It is used in various applications like protein extraction, wastewater treatment, tissue engineering, drug delivery, food packaging, and so forth. XG is a natural material, and it has some limitations related to the mechanical stress, thermal stability, and hydration. To overcome the limitation, XG can be modified by adding third component or modification of operation for specific applications. XG can be modified by physical, genetically, enzymatically, or chemical processes. Revamped XG also enhances the efficiency toward adsorbing toxic metal ions and organics from synthetic or industrial effluents. The emphasis of present review article is to address the structural characteristics along with the focus on the developing chemically modified XG like grafted, cross‐linked, nanocomposites, and functionally modified biopolymer. However, this review commences thorough discussion on numerous ways of modifications, which can be attempted in XG structure, expanding its applications for heavy metal ion along with dye removal.
... In 2017, fishery production in Indonesia reached 23.19 million tons, thereby significantly increasing the volume of waste [10]. This increased waste production can cause environmental pollution and negative effects on human health without proper management and optimal use [11], [12]. Fish scales are biocomposite materials that can be extracted into organic components, such as chitin, lecithin, guanine, and collagen fibers, as well as inorganic components, including hydroxyapatite crystals and calcium carbonate [7], [13], [14]. ...
Fisheries wastes have been used as precursors for the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs). These wastes are often converted using hydrothermal methods which require high temperature and pressure, leading to high production costs, especially for large-scale production. This study aims to innovate a low-cost synthesis method with the potential for large-scale production. Green conversion of CDs from red snapper fish scale waste was carried out using a combination of immersion method and ultrasonic wave treatment. The results showed that the products had an absorption peak at a wavelength of 404 nm and an energy bandgap of 2.7 eV. Excitation at 404 nm was associated with non-bonding n orbital to antibonding orbital 𝝅* electronic transitions due to the presence of free electron pairs and related with carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bonds. The 2.7 eV energy bandgap was associated with the state of amine groups containing free electron pairs located on the surface of CDs as well as blue light emission at a wavelength of 460 nm when CDs were illuminated with ultraviolet light. Red snapper fish scale-derived CDs showed fluorescence characteristics and the presence of nitrogen elements, making them potential photothermal materials for solar-powered seawater desalination processes.
... Polymer compounds, including pHEMA, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), polyethylene glycol, and polyacrylamide, as well as their derivatives, are widely known in the context of synthetic hydrogels [49]. Synthetic polymer hydrogels have a high water absorption and retention capacity, a longer shelf life, and improved gel strength [50]. On the other hand, the superior mechanical strength and porous structure of bio-based hydrogels and their improved biocompatibility and biodegradability brought about by their organizational structure provide essential benefits [51]. ...
... They were able to demonstrate an increase in adsorption capacity by bringing the initial pH of the solution down from 7.5 to 3.5. An analogous research endeavour involved using fish scales as a bio-adsorbent to effectively eliminate anionic acid dyes (acid red 1, acid blue 45, and acid yellow 127) present in the wastewater produced during textile dyeing operations (Kabir et al. 2019). The investigation of the FTIR peaks revealed that the primary facilitators in the reaction with anionic dyes (sodium salts of sulfonic acid dyes) were polypeptide (amide) groups derived from polymer chain amino acids (amide A, amide I, and amide II). ...
The fishing and seafood processing companies dump fishbone without a second thought. In this study, the prepared bio-adsorbents from Labeo rohita fishbones were used to remove the anionic acid dye Melioderm HF (High Fastness) Brown G (MHFB) from the aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the morphology and chemical composition of fishbone powder (FBP) before and after MHFB dye adsorption. In a batch experiment, factors such as initial dye concentration (100–250 mg/mL), contact time (5–180 min), pH of the solution (2.0–8.0), and the adsorbent dosage (1.0–3.5 g/L) were analyzed for their impact on the dye adsorption process. The batch experiments were studied to evaluate the influence of different operational variables such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration of dye and were found optimum at 2, 2 g/L, 120 min, and 200 ppm, respectively, for maximum dye removal (98.33%) at ambient temperature (298 K). The isotherm models demonstrated that dye molecules were adsorbed heterogeneously in multilayer following the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.9300). The data were fitted for pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thus, L. rohita fishbone could be used as a bio-adsorbent to remove anionic dye from tannery effluents at a minimal cost.
... Textile manufacturing units are one of the largest sources of wastewater and effluents since they use enormous volumes of synthetic dye compounds, solvent, and auxiliaries during various processing steps [45,46]. Approximately, 5000 tons of dyes and its auxiliaries are discarded into the aquatic environment each year due to the huge volumes of effluents' unsuitability for reuse. ...
The optical-electrical properties of CuO-NPs (copper oxide nanoparticles) are being expanded widely for hightechnological
uses. In accordance with the idea of an eco-friendly synthesis process, CuO-NPs were synthesized
utilizing a safer method; stabilized by biopolymer sodium hyaluronate (SH) rather than a hazardous
substance. Using one variable at one time method with constant reaction variables, the synthesis parameters
were optimized and the characteristics of CuO-NPs were controlled. The resulting particles exhibited restricted
distribution, were typically round or oval in form and particle size of 17 ± 1.3 nm (by TEM and SEM), strongly
crystalline (by XRD) and were noticeably stable. The experimental analysis of FT-IR documented that the redox
reaction between biopolymers and metal cations; coupled by capping effect of thin layer of SH-macromolecules,
are primarily responsible for the formation and stabilization of CuO-NPs. Also, CuO-NPs exhibited strong
bactericidal (ZOI 22–27 nm; antibiofilm potential 71–85%), anti-diabetic (70–72%), DNA cleavage and antioxidant
activity (70–85%). Additionally, SH-stabilized CuO-NPs demonstrated catalytic activity for the reduction
of catalytic dyes, degrading at a rate of over 91–93% in about 10–20 min. The current synthetic technique may
be applied consecutively to synthesize catalytically active CuO-NPs which exhibited remarkable in-vitro biological
and biomedical capabilities, possessing the potential to be exploited as a broad-based agent in a variety of
biomedical and industrial processes, including the treatment of wastewater.
... Recent estimates indicate that about 359 billion m 3 of wastewater are produced each year worldwide from which 48% are released to the environment without treatment (Jones et al., 2021). These wastewaters may have negative impacts on the environment quality and human health (Kabir et al., 2019). Indeed, eutrophication of surface waters can be induced by this kind of effluents due their richness in organic carbon (i.e. ...
Hydrogels based on natural polysaccharides have received special attention in the last decade due to their interesting features, such as availability, biocompatibility, biodegradability and safety. Such characteristics may make them sustainable and eco-friendly materials for water and wastewater treatment, meeting the concept of circular economy. In this study, a novel double-cross-linked alginate-based hydrogel has been successfully synthesized using epichlorhydrin and sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) as cross-linker agents and then used for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye under different operating conditions. The obtained hydrogel was deeply characterized by using various analytical techniques, namely Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Experimental results showed that the synthesized double cross-linked hydrogel with relatively high STMP concentration (0.26 M) has promising structural and textural properties. This material exhibited excellent removal ability towards MB with a maximum adsorption capacity of about 992 mg/g for an initial pH of 10. The kinetic and isotherm modeling study revealed that the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models fitted well the measured adsorption experimental data. The MB adsorption process onto the synthesized hydrogel is exothermic, feasible and spontaneous. It mainly includes electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds. These findings suggest that double-cross-linked alginate-based hydrogel can be considered as an attractive and potential adsorbent for an effective cationic dye removal from aqueous environments. The use of such a green adsorbent for the treatment of organic-pollutants-rich industrial wastewaters promotes sustainability and circular economy concepts.
... Therefore, the development of low-cost and high-efficiency methods for water treatment is highly needed. So far, various methods such as adsorption [2,3] and chemical oxidation [4] have been used for removal of contemporary pollutants from water resources. These methods are not effective in some cases because they are slow or non-destructive for some persistent pollutants [5] such as fungicides [6], perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) [7], and phenolic compounds [8]. ...
... Accordingly, TEOS was hydrolyzed to produce Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 4 -X (OH) X intermediate. Silanol groups were then produced according to reaction (1), which acts as a substrate for reaction (2), leading to a three-dimensional cross-linked network structure through the formation of siloxane bridges (Si-O-Si). ...
The development of novel and active photocatalysts to industrialize photocatalysis technology is still a challenging task. In this work, a novel method is presented to prepare TiO2/SiO2 NSs by covering SiO2 nanospheres (NSs) with titanate-nanodiscs (TNDs) followed by calcination. In this regard, SiO2 NSs are first synthesized and then TNDs are deposited on the SiO2 NSs using a layer-by-layer deposition technique. The morphology of the prepared samples is analyzed via SEM and TEM analyses before and after the deposition. The analysis of metal (Cu, Pt, and Ni) loading on calcined TNDs/SiO2 NSs reveals the highest specific surface area (109 m2/g), absorption wavelength extension (up to 420 nm), and photocatalytic activity for the Cu-loaded sample. In addition, studying the effect of metal content shows that loading 3% Cu leads to the highest photocatalytic activity. Finally, it is demonstrated that H2S treatment can improve the photocatalytic activity by around 15%. These findings suggest the calcined TNDs/SiO2 NSs are a versatile photocatalyst with potential applications in other processes such as hydrogen production and CO2 valorization.
... Fish scales consist mainly of closely packed 70 to 80 nm diameter type I collagen fibers [41] surrounded by hydroxyapatite and other calcium compounds that might possess certain adsorptive properties [42]. Recent studies have reported the potential of several fish scale types to behave as low-cost and eco-friendly biosorbents for the removal of heavy metals and dyes [42][43][44][45][46][47] from solutions. A summary of the performance of various fish scale types in the removal process of heavy metal ions from synthetic solutions is presented in Table 1. ...
In the present study, the biosorptive potential of Cyprinus carpio scales for the removal of Fe, Mn, and Zn ions from real acidic mine drainage (AMD) generated at the Rosia Montana gold mine (Romania) was explored for the first time. The collected AMD solution is very acidic, and the concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Zn ions exceed more than 34 to 56 times the disposal standards imposed by legislation. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the effect of the sorbent dosage, sorbent particle size, pH, and contact time on the adsorption performance of the fish scales. Before and after the adsorption process, the biosorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). In the investigated experimental conditions, about 100%, 87.1%, and 100% of Fe, Mn, and Zn ions were removed from the AMD after 240 min of contact with the finest-grained Cyprinus carpio scale samples using a solid:liquid ratio of 20:1 (g:L). The adsorption data were analyzed using the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion rate, and Elovich equations. The adsorption process was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacities of the fish scales were about 2.46 mg/g for Mn and 0.85 mg/g for Zn ions, respectively. Aside from their significant efficiency in the removal of metals from AMD, Cyprinus carpio scales also have the potential to neutralize the acidic wastewater. Thus, the removal process of metal ions from AMD is ruled by a complex mechanism, including adsorption and iron precipitation. The recycled scales are still able to remove the metal ions from AMD with a better performance during the first regeneration cycle. Based on the obtained results, it might be assessed that the low-cost biowaste of Cyprinus carpio scales have great potential and could be effectively used for the remediation of real acidic mine drainage from a sustainable perspective.
... Many studies have been dedicated to the search for low-cost adsorbents suitable for removing organic pollutants, such as fruit peels, dry seeds, silica, clay, and others [10][11][12]. In this context, fish scales as bioadsorbents are regarded as environmentally friendly and affordable solutions in the mutual management of fish waste and textile wastewater [13]. Therefore, the processing technique of fish residues appears as an alternative to reduce the negative impact caused by the deposit of this type of residue in dumps, sanitary landfills, pond banks, and inappropriate environments. ...
... Recent studies have investigated Oreochromis niloticus for reactive dyes, such as reactive blue 5G [17,18]. Pogonias cromis for removal of acid red 1, acid blue 45, and acid yellow 127 [13] and Labeo rohita for removal of cationic MB dye [19]. To date, studies on the use of Dicentrarchus labrax fish scales as bioadsorbents for cationic dyes are incipient. ...
... Above 550 °C and 574 °C, the materials remain stable without mass loss, indicating the thermal stability of the FS-in natura and FS-MB samples, respectively. In addition, the TGA technique was analyzed to confirm that sea bass scales are composed of inorganic (hydroxyapatite) and organic (collagen) phases in relatively similar amounts as reported by Kabir and collaborators [13]. As expected, the residual mass of FS-in natura and FS-MB, around 50% of the initial mass, is attributed to the inorganic phase of the material, typically hydroxyapatite, which does not show appreciable mass loss in the previous study of thermal decomposition of this type of material [26]. ...
This work investigates the possibility of using scales of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax as a low-cost material for the adsorptive removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye in aqueous solutions. The physical–chemical characterizations of fish scales in natura (FS-in natura) revealed through thermogravimetry that they are composed of inorganic (hydroxyapatite) and organic (collagen) phases in relatively similar amounts. Spectroscopy analyses show that the interactions of MB with FS-in natura occur mainly in the organic phase layer of the adsorbent. The effects of initial MB concentration (5.0 × 10–4 and 5.0 × 10–3 mol L⁻¹) and temperature (25–55 °C) on the adsorption efficiency of FS-in natura were evaluated. FS-in natura at MB concentration (5.0 × 10–3 and 5.0 × 10–4 mol L⁻¹) exhibited the maximum adsorption capacities of 2.2 × 10–3 mol g⁻¹ at 25 °C and 2.8 × 10–5 mol g⁻¹ at 55 °C, respectively. The pseudo-second-order model represented the adsorption kinetics well, and the equilibrium isotherm data were better correlated using the Langmuir equation. The newly developed neural model demonstrated a high predictive capacity with an R-value greater than 0.99 and reduced values for mean squared error, root mean squared error, and mean absolute error equal to 0.003, 0.055, and 0.0348, respectively. The genetic algorithm was used to optimize the experimental conditions of the process. In conclusion, the sea bass scales have promising prospects as a low-cost alternative material for removing cationic dyes from aqueous solutions.
