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Effect of growth regulators and photoperiod on number of flowers per spray and pot presentability of chrysanthemum cultivars Ajay and UHFSChr-Collection 1
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Context 1
... pertaining to number of flowers per spray are presented in Table 2. The more number of flowers per spray noticed in cultivar Ajay (9.14) as compared to UHFSChr-Collection 1 (5.97) may be due to differences in the genetic constitution of the cultivars. ...
Context 2
... pertaining to pot presentability are presented in Tables 2 and 3. Variations in pot presentability due to cultivars, growth regulators and their interaction viz growth regulator x photoperiod, cultivar x photoperiod and cultivar x photoperiod x growth regulator were found to be significant. ...
Context 3
... all the important flowering and vegetative characters suitable for pot mums in view pot presentability was calculated by giving scores to pots of each treatment out of 100. Data presented in Table 2 reveal that pot presentability varied significantly due to cultivars. In general more pot presentability was noticed in cultivar Ajay (91.77) as compared to UHFSChr-Collection 1 (84.53). ...
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... The demand for fresh chrysanthemum flowers is constantly increasing for a wide range of uses, including essential oils, cosmetics, aromatherapy, dried flowers, potpourri, natural dyes and medicines etc. Chrysanthemums are widely used in India for religious offerings, garlands, veni, bracelets, and floral decorations. Due to its adaptability as a potted plant, the demand for potted chrysanthemums has increased in recent years (Abrol et al., 2018). The process of selection stands as a crucial cornerstone in the realm of breeding, serving as the preferred method for pinpointing chrysanthemum genotypes that boast highly sought-after horticultural traits. ...
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) which belongs to the Asteraceae family and find their place in the market as cut flowers, loose blooms, and potted plants. An experiment was carried out with 20 genotypes of spray chrysanthemum to evaluate the performance for vegetative and flowering characters in RBD with three replications, during the year 2022-23 at the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh. Significant variations among the 20 genotypes were observed for all the characters. The genotype BC-24 recorded maximum leaf length (12.67 cm) and maximum petiole length (3.30 cm). The genotype Bidhan Sweeta was observed the maximum leaf breadth (6.59 cm). Maximum flower head height (3.67 cm) was noted in genotype BC-31, maximum ray floret length (3.93 cm) and maximum ray floret width (0.85 cm) was observed in genotype Bidhan Shova. Among the 20 spray chrysanthemum genotypes evaluated, Bidhan Mallika and Bidhan Sweeta performed the best in terms of flower colour, Chrysanthemum genotypes have a broad range of variation in their leaf colour, flower head type and flower colour which may be used for various purposes.
... It is one of the most complexes in behavior, occurring in soil health, air and water in organic and inorganic forms [12][13][14]. For this reason, it poses the most difficult problem in making fertilizer recommendations [15,16]. Potassium (K) is a major plant nutrient, which is needed by the plants in large amount and is supplied by the K fertilizers Dotaniya et al. ...
A study on the effect of plant growth regulators on growth of chrysanthemum was carried out at
K.N.K. College of Horticulture, Mandsaur. Experiment was laid out in completely randomized
design(CRD) with three replications. Chrysanthemum cultivar- Hybrid-2 was used for the
experiment. Six PGR treatments consisting of three concentrations each of GA and NAA i.e., GA3
(100, 150 & 200 ppm) and NAA (75 ppm, 125 ppm and 200 ppm) were applied to the experiment.
GA3 (200 ppm) recorded the maximum values for plant height, plant spread, number of branches /
plant, number of leaves/ plant, leaf length (cm), leaf stalk length (cm), number of suckers per plant,
number of flowers per plant, flower stalk length (cm), flower diameter and flowering duration as well
as the earliest first flower bud appearance and first flower opening. This treatment also recorded
the longest vase life of cut flowers (days), the maximum total water uptake in vase and the
maximum diameter of fully opened flower in vase life.
... These results are also recorded in our experiment where in some cases the three varieties behaved differently. Moreover, in some experiments plant growth retardants are recommended to be used after one week of pinching [48,49]. ...
Ornamental plants are cultivated worldwide. Chrysanthemum is classified as one of the most important cut and potted flowers in most of the countries. The consumer’s expectation is to find small–compact, and full of inflorescences plants. To meet these demands, growers are tending to use plant growth retardants. Three Chrysanthemum indicum L. varieties (‘Smola White’, ‘Arber’ and ‘Vienna White’) were assessed by using four plant growth regulators (PP–Bumper 250 EC; CC–Stabilan SL; MP–Medax Top SC; and PD–Toprex SC). Results indicate that treated plants show significant decrease in the assessed parameters, although in some cases growth could be a variety–dependent factor. It can also be concluded that retardants inhibit chrysanthemum growth. PD treatments greatly inhibited the growth of the plant, and also had a negative effect on inflorescences. In conclusion, the present work strengthens the possibility of using retardants as plant growth inhibitors in Chrysanthemum cultivation.
... Kumar et al. reported that ethrel 400 ppm significantly reduced plant height (66.12 cm) of marigold [28]. Abrol reported minimum plant height of chrysanthemum in plants sprayed with paclobutrazol 90 ppm in cultivar 'Ajay' and daminozide 2500 ppm in cultivar 'UHFSChr-Collection 1' [45]. ...
Plant growth regulators consist of a large group of naturally occurring or synthetically produced organic chemicals and considered as a helping tool in the modern production system of ornamentals. Their exogenous application helps to improve the different economically important and market desirable characteristics of ornamental plants. The effects of PGRs in plants depend on various factors which play an important role to achieve expected results. These factors include the application method, time of application, concentration of PGRs, plant species and also the environmental conditions in which plants are grown. The intensity of applications is also considered an important factor affecting the efficacy of PGRs, as some plants respond well to a single application, but in most cases, multiple applications are beneficial to attain good results. This review briefly discusses the different areas in which PGRs are used in flower crops.
Thirty-one genotypes of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema x grandiflora Tzvelev) were evaluated for nine growth and flowering related traits to assess the genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis. Significant differences among genotypes for all the growth and flowering related traits were observed through analysis of variance. The range of variation was high for number of leaves plant-1 (66.17-164.50) followed by number of flowers plant-1 (30.67-116.83). The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters studied. High (>20%) PCV and GCV was recorded for plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, days to bud initiation, days to first flower opening and number of flowers plant-1. Heritability estimates ranged from 77.72% (days to optimum flowering) to 96.93% (number of flowers plant-1). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for all the traits studied. Number of flowers plant-1 exhibited positive and highly significant correlation with number of branches and leaves plant-1. Path coefficient analysis using correlation coefficients revealed that days to first flower opening (1.564) exhibited positive and very high direct effect, while,number of leaves plant-1 (0.347) and flower diameter (0.337) showed positive and high direct effect. Hence, genotypes with superior traits may be considered for further improvement.
The study was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the binafsaj nursery belonging to the Municipality of the Capital, Department of Parks and Afforestation / Karkh / Al-Mansour to study the effect of bio-fertilizers, foliar application with Gibberellin acid and a flower stimulator on the growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum morifolium.The study was carried out according to (4x3x2) factorial experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates, the first factor was biofertilizer treatments were represented at four levels, they are without fertilizer M0), fungal fertilizer (Mycorrhizae) M1, bacterial fertilizer (a mixture of Azotobacter chrococcum and Azospirillum barasilense bacteria) M2 and fertilized with a mixture of (fungal fertilizer + bacterial fertilizer) M3. In addition to second factor, a three levels of folair application with Gibberellin acid 0 mg L-1 G0, 125 mg L-1 G1, and 250 mg L-1 G2. The third factor was a flower stimulator at 0 g L-1 D0 and 2 g L -1 D1. The results showed the superiority of the mixture fertilizing treatment in most of the vegetative and flowering growth characteristics, which included percentage of N, P, K, in the leaves, diameter of the flowering inflorescence and vase life, where the values were recorded (3.57%, 0.38%, 3.71%, 13.31 cm and 21.44 days), respectively. While, the M3G2D1 treatment was superior in the characteristics of inflorescence diameter (14.89 cm). The treatment M3G1D1 was superior in the traits of N%, P% and K% and vase life, as the values were (3.98%, 0.49%, 4.01%, 23.67 days), respectively
The study was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the binafsaj nursery belonging to the Municipality of the Capital, Department of Parks and Afforestation, Karkh, Al-Mansour to study the effect of bio-fertilizers, foliar application with Gibberellin acid and a flower stimulator on the growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum morifolium.The study was carried out according to (4x3x2) factorial experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates, the first factor was biofertilizer treatments were represented at four levels, they are without fertilizer M0), fungal fertilizer (Mycorrhizae) M1, bacterial fertilizer (a mixture of Azotobacter chrococcum and Azospirillum barasilense bacteria) M2 and fertilized with a mixture of (fungal fertilizer + bacterial fertilizer) M3. In addition to second factor, a three levels of folair application with Gibberellin acid 0 mg L-1 G0, 125 mg L-1 G1 and 250 mg L-1 G2. The third factor was a flower stimulator at 0 g L-1 D0 and 2 g L -1 D1. The results showed the superiority of the mixture fertilizing treatment in most of the vegetative and flowering growth characteristics, which included percentage of N, P, K, in the leaves, diameter of the flowering inflorescence and vase life, where the values were recorded (3.57%, 0.38%, 3.71%, 13.31 cm and 21.44 days) respectively. While the M3G2D1 treatment was superior in the characteristics of inflorescence diameter (14.89 cm). The treatment M3G1D1 was superior in the traits of N%, P% and K% and vase life, as the values were (3.98%, 0.49%, 4.01%, 23.67 days), respectively.
