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Effect of exogenous testosterone on plasma testosterone levels. The details of groups is in material and method section. Results are expressed as mean ± SD. a; P<0.001 compared with N. Control, c; P<0.05 compared with N. Control and d; P<0.001 compared with P. Control. As shown in Figure 2, MDA levels decreased (significantly and insignificantly) in mice plasma as a consequence of testosterone administration
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Background:
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes infertility in male patients through erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction, semen and hormone abnormalities. Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in poor semen quality and subsequent infertility in males with SCI. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of SCI on the level of testosterone ho...
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Citations
... Aydilek and Aksakal, (2005) also reported that rabbits injected with testosterone had significantly higher levels of MDA when compared to the castration group. Furthermore, TAC levels were found to be higher in sham mice and groups that did not receive testosterone (Choobineh et al., 2016). In contrast to above findings, Verma and Rana (2008) found that bilateral castration reduced glutathione in both the liver and the kidney, testosterone administration reduced lipid peroxidation in the livers of castrated and benzene-treated rats, but it did not restore glutathione status. ...
... Also, Aydilek and Aksakal (2005) reported that rabbits injected with testosterone had significantly increasesd in the level of MDA when compared with castration group. In addition, it was observed that TAC level increased in sham mice and groups that did not received testosterone (Choobineh et al., 2016). In contrary to above results, Verma et al. (2005) indicated that bilateral castration increased lipid peroxidation and consequently reduced glutathione in both liver and kidney. ...
The current study was aimed to assess and determine the impact of castration and sex hormones on antioxidant status and some physiological traits of local male rabbits, experiment was conducted using 36 adult local male rabbits. Rabbits were divided into 6 groups. 1 st group: Intact, 2 nd group: castrated. 3 rd and 5 th group: Intact rabbits treated i.m with testosterone 10 mg/kg B.wt and estrogen 0.5 mg/kg B.wt respectively, while 4 th and 6 th groups: Castrated rabbits treated as in 3 rd and 5 th groups respectively, treatments continued for 4 weeks. Results revealed that castration and estrogen treatment decreased significantly MDA level and increased significantly GSH and TAC levels as compared with intact at P≤0.05, while, there was a significant increase in the level of MDA, and a significant decrease in the levels of GSH and TAC in testosterone treated group as compared with intact and estrogen treated group. Testosterone treated group recorded significantly higher value in RBC, Hb and PCV compared to estrogen treated and control group. Castrated group recorded a significant decreased in neutrophils % and N/L ratio and a significant increase in lymphocytes % compared to intact group. Estrogen treated group showed a significant decline in WBC as compared with testosterone treated and untreated rabbits. Animals received estrogen had significant lower degree of body temperature at end of the experiment as compared with testosterone treated and control group. In conclusion, it can be indicated that castration and estrogen treatment improve antioxidant parameters and most blood characteristics.
... It is associated with hypertension [1], cancer [2], diabetes [3], metabolic disorders [4], and male infertility [5]. Infertility due to a high body mass index (BMI)-above 25-30 kg/m 2 -is associated with decreased sperm concentration and viability, increased morphological abnormalities [6,7], hormonal alterations [8,9], modified GnRH pulsatility, altered leptin, insulin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, high estradiol levels, and decreased testosterone (T) concentrations [8][9][10]. These effects alter testicular and epididymal functions and T-dependent organs [11,12], since one of testosterone's main functions is to induce protein synthesis for the processes of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation and survival [10,11,13]. ...
... Infertility due to a high body mass index (BMI)-above 25-30 kg/m 2 -is associated with decreased sperm concentration and viability, increased morphological abnormalities [6,7], hormonal alterations [8,9], modified GnRH pulsatility, altered leptin, insulin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, high estradiol levels, and decreased testosterone (T) concentrations [8][9][10]. These effects alter testicular and epididymal functions and T-dependent organs [11,12], since one of testosterone's main functions is to induce protein synthesis for the processes of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation and survival [10,11,13]. One of the changes in epididymal maturation is the oxidation of SH groups to S-S, generally by ROS [14]. ...
Obesity is a condition that has been linked to male infertility. The current hypothesis regarding the cause of infertility is that sperm are highly sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) during spermatogenesis in the testes and transit through the epididymides, so the increase in ROS brought on by obesity could cause oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the activity of the enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is capable of counteracting oxidative stress in sperm. The male Wistar rat was used as an overweight and obesity model, and analysis of fertility in these groups was carried out including the control group. Serum testosterone levels were determined, and the scrotal fat, testes, and epididymides were extracted. The epididymides were separated ini0 3 principal parts (caput, corpus, and cauda) before evaluating sperm viability, sperm morphology, damage to desoxyribonucleic acid of the sperm, and ROS production. The protein content and specific activity of the three enzymes mentioned above were evaluated. Results showed a gain in body weight and scrotal fat in the overweight and obese groups with decreased parameters for serum testosterone levels and sperm viability and morphology. Fertility was not greatly affected and no DNA integrity damage was found, although ROS in the epididymal sperm increased markedly and Raman spectroscopy showed a disulfide bridge collapse associated with DNA. The specific activities of CAT and GPX increased in the overweight and obesity groups, but those of SOD did not change. The amounts of proteins in the testes and epididymides decreased. These findings confirm that overweight and obesity decrease concentrations of free testosterone and seem to decrease protein content, causing poor sperm quality. Implications. An increase in scrotal fat in these conditions fosters an increase of ROS, but the increase of GPX and CAT activity seems to avoid oxidative stress increase in the sperm without damaging your DNA.
... Landis and Tower (2005), as well as Yasui and Baba (2006), reported that SOD protects against ROS-mediated damage, acts as an anti-inflammatory, and can even protect against pre-cancerous alterations. Also, Choobineh et al. (2016) suggested that exogenous testosterone has pro-oxidant properties. Finding from this research suggests that Alum at a concentration of 10 -40% significantly reduced the level of ROS generated by TP and can be said to have antioxidant properties. ...
The effect of aluminum sulphate (alum) on Testosterone propionate (TP)-induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) in male Wistar rats was studied. Eighty mature male Wistar rats, with an average weight of 210g, were randomly distributed into eight groups comprising ten rats. Group 1 received only food and water, while Groups 2, and 4 to 8 were given 3 mg/kg b.w of TP subcutaneously and Group 3 received only 25 % alum solution for 28 days. Thereafter, Groups 4 to 8 were treated with 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 40% alum solution respectively while group 2 remained untreated for another 28 days. The animals were fed with standard rat chow and clean water ad libitum. Sperm morphology and characteristics were observed and measured. A variety of haematological and biochemical markers were assessed. Histopathology of the testes was examined. The volume (0.10 ± 0.00 ml) viability (68.33 ± 4.41 %), activity (41.25 ± 1.25 %), and sperm count (36.67 ± 3.33 ×106) were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in group 2 when compared with the respective values obtained in group 1. Treatment with different concentrations of Alum solution significantly (p<0.05) reversed abnormal sperm features observed in group 2. Superoxide dismutase (0.90 ± 0.01 U/L) was significantly increased (p<0.05) in group 2, but the values were restored to normal after treatment with varying concentrations of Alum solutions. Photomicrographs of the testis of group 2 rats revealed a distorted testis, however, there was a significant recovery after treatment which suggested that treatment with Alum reduces TP-induced BPH.
... TRT showed a protective effect against oxidative stress in animal studies. In mice with infertility due to spinal cord injury, TRT improved the testosterone concentration and the markers of oxidative stress [93]. In rats with testicular oxidative stress induced by methotrexate, testosterone protected spermatogenesis via a reduction in testicular inflammation and oxidative stress [94]. ...
Androgens have diverse functions in muscle physiology, lean body mass, the regulation of adipose tissue, bone density, neurocognitive regulation, and spermatogenesis, the male reproductive and sexual function. Male hypogonadism, characterized by reduced testosterone, is commonly seen in ageing males, and has a complex relationship as a risk factor and a comorbidity in age-related noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and malignancy. Oxidative stress, as a significant contributor to the ageing process, is a common feature between ageing and NCDs, and the related comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and chronic inflammation. Oxidative stress may also be a mediator of hypogonadism in males. Consequently, the management of oxidative stress may represent a novel therapeutic approach in this context. Therefore, this narrative review aims to discuss the mechanisms of age-related oxidative stress in male hypogonadism associated with NCDs and discusses current and potential approaches for the clinical management of these patients, which may include conventional hormone replacement therapy, nutrition and lifestyle changes, adherence to the optimal body mass index, and dietary antioxidant supplementation and/or phyto-medicines.
... On the other hand, testosterone has been shown to have an antioxidant effect in human prostate [74]. Furthermore, exogenous testosterone has also been shown to decrease MDA levels as well as antioxidant enzymes in the spinal cord injury mice model [75]. It has been shown that heat-induced testicular pathogenesis is associated with suppressed testosterone levels and increased oxidative stress [43,76]. ...
The two gonadal steroid hormones, testosterone and estrogen, regulate spermatogenesis by proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of testicular cells. It has been reported that heat stress or increased scrotal temperature impairs spermatogenesis in many mammals. Moreover, testicular heat stress has also been shown to suppress testosterone and estrogen biosynthesis. Furthermore, it is well known that testosterone and estrogen are important for testicular activity. Therefore, we hypothesised that exogenous testosterone and estrogen, alone or in combination, might alleviate the testicular activity in a heat-stressed rat model. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first report of the exogenous treatment of both testosterone and estrogen in the heat-stressed rat. Our results showed that a combined testosterone and estrogen treatment significantly increased sperm concentration. The histopathological analysis also exhibited a normal histoarchitecture in the combined treatment group along with decreased oxidative stress. The improved spermatogenesis in the combined treatment group was also supported by the increase in PCNA, GCNA, tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height, and Johnsen score in the combined treatment group. Furthermore, the combined treatment also increased the expression of Bcl2, pStat3, and active caspase-3 and decreased expression of Bax. Thus, increased proliferation, apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers, along with improved histology in the combined treatment group suggest that estrogen and testosterone synergistically act to stimulate spermatogenesis by increasing proliferation and differentiation of germ cells and may also remove the heat-induced damaged germ cells by apoptosis. Overall, the final mechanism of testosterone- and estrogen-mediated improvement of testicular activity could be attributed to amelioration of oxidative stress.
... Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious problem, which can result in malfunction of different parts of human body (Cheng et al. 2014;Choobineh et al. 2016). Evidence has shown that 40 million people are suffering from SCI every year in all over the world. ...
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the destruction of spinal cord motor and sensory resulted from an attack on the spinal cord, which can cause significant physiological damage. The inflammasome is a multiprotein oligomer resulting in inflammation; the NLRP3 inflammasome composed of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), procaspase-1, and cleavage of procaspase-1 into caspase-1 initiates the inflammatory response. Subventricular Zone (SVZ) is the origin of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) in the adult brain. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny lipid membrane bilayer vesicles secreted by different types of cells playing an important role in cell-cell communications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intrathecal transplantation of EVs on the NLRP3 inflammasome formation in SCI rats. Male wistar rats were divided into three groups as following: laminectotomy group, SCI group, and EVs group. EVs was isolated from SVZ, and characterized by western blot and DLS, and then injected into the SCI rats. Real-time PCR and western blot were carried out for gene expression and protein level of NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1. H&E and cresyl violet staining were performed for histological analyses, as well as BBB test for motor function. The results indicated high level in mRNA and protein level in SCI group in comparison with laminectomy (p < 0.001), and injection of EVs showed a significant reduction in the mRNA and protein levels in EVs group compared to SCI (p < 0.001). H&E and cresyl violet staining showed recovery in neural cells of spinal cord tissue in EVs group in comparison with SCI group. BBB test showed the promotion of motor function in EVs group compared to SCI in 14 days (p < 0.05). We concluded that the injection of EVs could recover the motor function in rats with SCI and rescue the neural cells of spinal cord tissue by suppressing the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex.
... Thus, the activity of SOD2 and catalase in castrate mice was much greater than in intact males [183], suggesting the contribution of male sex hormones in the decreased antioxidant enzymes expression and activity. The same conclusion was made in a study that showed the administration of exogenous testosterone in mice with spinal cord injury significantly reduced SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities [184]. Nevertheless, another study highlighted the protective role of testosterone by showing that testosterone therapy increases the activity of SOD and GPx in cardiomyocytes of castrated male mice [185]. ...
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is one of the diseases with a well-established gender dimorphism. The prevalence of PAH is increased in females with a ratio of 4:1, while poor survival prognosis is associated with the male gender. Nevertheless, the specific contribution of gender in disease development and progression is unclear due to the complex nature of the PAH. Oxidative and nitrosative stresses are important contributors in PAH pathogenesis; however, the role of gender in redox homeostasis has been understudied. This review is aimed to overview the possible sex-specific mechanisms responsible for the regulation of the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in relation to PAH pathobiology.
... Decreased testosterone levels, DM type II, and even insulin resistance were found to be linked. So, some investigators considered steroid hormone therapy as a new approach for the treatment of DM [14,15] . Even, prevention of obesity and DM by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration is considered as a line of treatment [16] . ...
... After confirming anesthesia, the animal's back was thoroughly shaved. Since our lab model of Downloaded from ibj.pasteur.ac.ir at 22:36 IRST on Saturday November 25th 2017 SCI was set at the level of T10, this vertebra was identified by palpation [34][35][36] . Then using a sharp scalpel, a 3-cm incision was made on the skin; connective tissue and muscles on both sides of the vertebral column were pushed aside and held in place with retractors. ...
Background:
The majority of male patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) suffer from infertility. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are a kind of receptors that corporate in the inflammasome complex. Recent studies have introduced the inflammasome as the responsible agent for secreting cytokines in semen. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the elements that trigger inflammasome activation. Genital infections in SCI can lead to ROS generation. We investigated the relation between lipid peroxidation and inflammasome complex activity in testicular tissue of SCI rats.
Methods:
Adult male rats (n=20), weighting 200-250 g, were included and divided into four groups: three experimental groups, including SCI1, SCI3, and SCI7, i.e. the rats were subjected to SCI procedure and sacrificed after one, three, and seven days, respectively and a control group. We performed a moderate, midline spinal contusion injury at thoracic level 10. The animals were anesthetized, and testes were collected for measurement of gene expression by real-time PCR. Caudal parts of epididymis were collected for malondialdehyde (MDA) measurement.
Results:
No NLRP1a mRNA over expression was seen in the testes of control and SCI groups. After seven days from SCI surgery, NLRP3 mRNA expression was significantly increased in SCI7 animals (P≤0.05). There was a significant difference in MDA level in SCI7 versus control group, as well as SCI1 and SCI3 animals (P≤0.05).
Conclusion:
NLRP3 overexpression occurs due to the increased ROS production in testicular tissue of SCI rats.
