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Effect of contact time on the removal percentage of Cr(VI), at biosorbent dose 5 g/L, Cr(VI) concentration=100 mg/L, and pH 2 (DPL) and 1 (BBS).
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Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by date-palm-leaves (DPL) and broad-bean-shoots (BBS) was investigated. FTIR, SEM and EDAX showed that DPL has higher ability for ion-exchange to remove Cr(VI). Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and kinetics revealed that DPL exhibited higher biosorption capacity. At Cr(VI) 100 mg/L, biosorbent-dos...
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Context 1
... displayed in Fig. 7, the removal percentage of Cr (VI) was observed to significantly increase from 33% to 97% (for DPL) and from 22% to 94% (for BBS) with elevating the contact time from 20 to 60 min, respec- tively (r 0.98, p < 0.05). However, further increase in reaction time to 180 min implied no significant differ- ence in Cr(VI) reduction (p > 0.1). ...
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Citations
... Energy-intensive methods may not be suitable for large-scale industrial applications [7]. Methods that require energy input are not suitable for large-scale industrial production [8]. However, membrane separation technology is a flexible, low-cost, and energy-efficient method that has been extensively applied to remove water pollution caused by oily wastewater. ...
In this study, a novel method for the high-performance treatment of oily wastewater was introduced using a tungsten (VI) oxide (WO3)/MXene composite membrane based on poly (arylene ether sulfone) (PAES). Composite membranes were fabricated with superhydrophilic (SH) and superoleophobic (SO) characteristics, which allow for the high-performance treatment of oily wastewater. The fabricated composite membrane can also photodegrade organic types of pollutants with just a short period of UV, enabling self-cleaning and anti-fouling properties. Moreover, the comprehensive characterization of the composite membrane through FTIR, SEM, and XRD analyses yielded valuable insights. The FTIR analysis revealed the characteristic peaks of WO3, MXene, PAES, and the synthesized composite membrane, providing essential information on the chemical composition and properties of the materials. The XRD results demonstrated the crystal structures of WO3, MXene, PAES, and the synthesized composite membrane, further enhancing our understanding of the composite membrane. Additionally, the SEM images illustrated the surface and cross-section of the fabricated membranes, highlighting the differences in pore size and porosity between the PAES membrane and the WO3–MXene composite membrane, which directly impact permeate flux. The study showed that the composite membrane had a remarkable recovery time of only 0.25 h, and the efficiency of the separation process and water flux recovered to 99.98% and 6.4 L/m2.h, respectively. The joint influence of WO3 and MXene on composite membranes degraded contaminants into non-polluting substances after sunlight irradiation. This process effectively solves the treatment performance and decrease in permeate flux caused by contamination. The technology is membrane-based filtration, which is a simple and advanced method for treating polluted water. This innovative work offers promising solutions to address water pollution challenges and holds potential for practical applications from a self-cleaning and anti-fouling point of view.
... The adsorption is favorable since n values are more than unity and the values of RL are between zero and one. Pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetics are used to explain mechanism of adsorption [17]. Experimental results showed rapid initial adsorption rate followed by a slower rate because initially, adsorption sites are open and metal ions interact easily with the sites [18]. ...
... Water contaminants can be reduced or fixed by plants with high toxicity tolerance through adsorption, absorption, accumulation, and breakdown [52,53]. For improving effluent quality, macrophytes like water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) have been employed [54]. ...
Water resources are polluted by anthropogenic causes like domestic, agricultural waste and industrial activities. Chemical methods of treating waste water have shown great impact on lives of people as well as other microorganisms. When waste compounds are dumped into water bodies, biological reactions begin that consume oxygen as the organic matter which is broken down by the naturally occurring microorganisms. This review discusses the different methods of waste water treatment using environmental sustainable technique called Bioremediation. A waste management technique called bioremediation uses living organisms to neutralize or eliminate dangerous chemicals from contaminated environments. The environmental science of bioremediation accelerates normal biological processes in order to correct or clean up the contaminated soil and the groundwater also. Presence of heavy metals in water poses a significant ecological threat and one of the most difficult environmental concerns worldwide. An efficient and environmentally favorable approach of bioremediation for treating pollutants has been demonstrated in the paper. In-situ and ex-situ treatments are the two main categories of bioremediation in waste water. Due to its sustainability with the environment and potential cost-effectiveness, microorganism-based bioremediation has a lot of potential for future sustainable development. The mechanisms and types of bioremediation have been summarized and explained herein.
... The application of the ANFIS for metal ion sorption by NMs is summarized in Table 4. ANFIS has been used to forecast the sorption of Pb (II) on hydroxy-apatite/chitosan composites [86], chemically treated olive stone [87], sorption of Cu (II) on date palm seeds [88] and wheat straw [89], sorption of Hg (II) on Vibrio parahaemolyticus PG02 [90], sorption of Ni (II) on Typha domingensis [91], sorption of Cd (II) on Typha domingensis [91] and rice straw [92], and sorption of Cr (VI) ions using wheat straw , refer Tables 2, 3, 4, SI, section 3-6). The middle line in the box represents the median, the centre line represents the mean, and the bottom and top lines of the box represent the first and the third quartiles, respectively [89], date palm leaves and broad bean shoots [93]. ANFIS has been typically studied for metal ion adsorption on NMs originating from chitosan, natural materials, and dead biomass (Table 4, more details in SI, Table S.4). ...
... The ANFIS models were compared with the RSM and NLR statistical models. Table 4 clearly indicates that ANFIS (0.95-0.99) outperformed the outputs received from RSM and NLR (0.75-0.9) modelling [87,88,92,93]. The studies reviewed lack comparative evaluation of results obtained from ANN and ANFIS models for the same adsorption problem. ...
With the rise in environmental-conscious research, natural materials (NMs) have drawn attention as eco-sustainable solution for removing hazardous pollutants via adsorption. Although adsorption processes are renowned for their simple implementation, the mechanisms involved in the adsorption of toxins can be complex due to the number of variables involved and their nonlinear interaction. Literature unveils numerous modelling procedures to optimize process variables for the successful metal ions adsorption; however, artificial neural networks’ (ANN) algorithmic approach has accelerated the adsorption propensity of adsorbents for metals ions in water. This review evaluates the ANN approaches (i.e., feedforward neural networks (FFNNs) and neural networks coupled with global optimizers) to simulate the adsorption of different metal ions ranging from heavy metals to highly toxic contaminants (e.g., Ur, Th, As, Cd, Cr, Co, etc.) on NMs. Further, the relative influence of process parameters (such as contact time, pH, initial metal concentration, and dose of NMs) on adsorption has also been outlined. An outlook for future development in the field is provided.
... The maximum adsorption capacity (Q m ) was about 19.4 mg g −1 . Date palm leaves, however, provided higher removal efficiency (Q m = 22.5 mg g −1 ) and were more tolerant to different pH levels in the solution [97]. ...
From
harvesting to consumption of the faba bean (Vicia faba), different plant residues such as stems, leaves, pods, and seed husks remain as by-products. The harvest residues constitute about 50% (w/w) of the whole aboveground biomass, while the empty pods and the seed husks account for 11% and 6% (w/w) on average, respectively. Due to the environmental and dietary benefits, the global production of faba beans is most likely to increase in the future. Concomitantly, the amounts of by-products will rise as well. So far, mainly the harvest residues have been widely studied, whereas the pods and husks have received less consideration. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide an overview of the composition of the faba bean plant residues and to illustrate their potential of being used as feedstock in food, feed, or even non-food applications. This literature survey clearly reveals that all the residual materials of faba beans contain valuable compounds and might be suitable for a multitude of different applications. The residual material should thus not be disposed of but further valorized in order to exploit the full potential of the biomass.
... Literature shows that most of the studied biosorption systems followed the Langmuir equilibrium model which indicated that monolayer adsorption was the possible mechanism of metal ions retention on the biomass surface (Khairia & Al-Qahtani 2016, Fawzy et al. 2015, Salman et al. 2020) Freundlich isotherm model elucidated the adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces with interactivity occurring between the adsorbed molecules and is not restricted to a monolayer formation (Febrianto et al. 2009) Some studies revealed that the metal ion adsorption follows the Freundlich model more as compared to others (Guiza 2017, Sadeek et al. 2015, Pino et al. 2006, Naiya et al.2008b, Giwa et al. 2013 ...
... Water contaminants can be reduced or fixed by plants with high toxicity tolerance through adsorption, absorption, accumulation, and breakdown [52,53]. For improving effluent quality, macrophytes like water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) have been employed [54]. ...
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... Contamination of aquatic systems with toxic heavy metal has become one of the most serious environmental problems today [1,2]. Many industrial activities including electroplating, mining, tannery operations, battery factories, and chemical manufacturing release heavy metals to the environment [3,4]. ...
This study aims to investigate the biosorption of Pb (II) by living and nonliving biomass of Penicillium notatum. Penicillium notatum PTCC 5074 was purchased from Iran Scientific-Industrial Research Organization in lyophilized form and after culturing in potato dextrose agar was propagated in Sabouraud dextrose broth medium. The highest adsorption by living and nonliving biomass (180.74 and 187.08 mg/g per dry weight of biomass, respectively) was at the Pb (II) concentration of 228 mg/L and ionic strength of 43 mg/L in terms of Ca2+ and 1.2 g/L biomass concentration. The optimum contact time and temperature in nonliving biomass were 37 hours and 32.5°C, respectively. Kinetic studies showed that Pb(II) adsorption in both cases follows a pseudo-second-order reaction. The adsorption process was consistent with the Langmuir model in the nonliving state, whereas the favourite models for the living state were Langmuir and Freundlich. Thermodynamic constants indicated that the adsorption process by nonliving and living biomass were exothermic and endothermic, respectively. The obtained results showed that Penicillium notatum in living and nonliving states is suitable for the development of an efficient and economic biosorbent for the removal of Pb (II) from aqueous environments.
... Nickel is released frequently into the environment through a number of industrial processes, such as metal plating, painting, smelting, galvanizing, battery production, municipal incineration, dye manufacturing, tanneries, and mining operations . Similarly, industrial activities, such as wood preservation, chromate painting, dying of textiles, welding, film and photography production, leather work, electroplating, and metallurgy, are sources of chromium in the environment (Fawzy et al. 2016;Nasseh et al. 2017;Tyagi1 and Khandegar 2018;Ren et al. 2018). These metals, which are released into industrial effluents and subsequently released directly or indirectly into the environment, are at times present in large amounts in the liquid effluents from industries. ...
... Cr(VI) has high mobility in soil as well as in the aquatic environment, and it is a strong oxidant that is absorbable by the skin (Bhattacharya et al. 2006). High ingestion of Cr(VI) can result in stomach upset and ulcer, allergic reactions, skin irritation, cancer infections, weakening of the immune system, respiratory disorders, and damage to the liver, stomach, and kidney (Fawzy et al. 2016;Moghal et al. 2017;Ren et al. 2018). Nickel toxicity is known to retard formation of spermatogenesis, amylase enzymes, and insulin; the toxicity of nickel is also to be toxic to embryos (Revathi et al. 2005). ...
... Literature shows that most of the studied biosorption systems followed the Langmuir equilibrium model which indicated that monolayer adsorption was the possible mechanism of metal ions retention on the biomass surface (Khairia & Al-Qahtani 2016, Fawzy et al. 2015, Salman et al. 2020) Freundlich isotherm model elucidated the adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces with interactivity occurring between the adsorbed molecules and is not restricted to a monolayer formation (Febrianto et al. 2009) Some studies revealed that the metal ion adsorption follows the Freundlich model more as compared to others (Guiza 2017, Sadeek et al. 2015, Pino et al. 2006, Naiya et al.2008b, Giwa et al. 2013 ...
Agriculture is the immemorial benefaction of man for the existence and welfare of the human race. Being an agricultural country, it is the prime source of livelihood in India. This review focused on the present scenario of Indian Agriculture with respect to crop production, factors affecting productivity, and agricultural waste-related issues in India. Agrowaste can be helpful to farmers but economic costs are less than the cost of collection, transportation, and processing for profitable use. In this consequence, the review has presented considerable information on the alternative use of agrowaste to control water pollution. The review focused the light on the replacement of conventional chemicals with agro-based waste to develop fully green and sustainable biosorbents. It also highlighted the potential of biosorbents and biosorption technology in terms of their adsorption capacities, cost-effectiveness, binding mechanisms, and interfering factors such as pH, temperature, initial concentration, dose, and pre-treatments. Biosorption isotherms and sorption kinetics models were used for the characterization of agrowaste and developed biosorbent, and recovery of sorbent was also reviewed. The review concluded that further research is required to investigate novel biosorbents that may be a good option for bioremediation for the removal of a large range of toxic heavy metals. The utilization of plant waste as biosorbent will also open a new window of agricultural waste management.
