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This study deals with the determination of chemical composition, fiber morphology, and the pulping potentialities of banana pseudo-stems growing in Thailand. Banana stem was cooked by Kraft process with different chemical charges and a wide range of time and temperature, and the optimal pulping conditions were established. The lignin and extractive...
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... Hollocellulose is the entire polysaccharide portion of wood [28]. Table 1: Fiber morphology and chem Table 2 Banana stem was cooked by the kraft process with different chemical charges and a wide range of time and temperature, and the optimal pulping conditions were established as in our previous work [29]. The highest yield 48.61% can be obtained with a relatively small alkali charg Before bleaching, the pulp was oxygen delignified (high kappa was 19.9. ...
... Fiber morphology and chemical composition of banana stem fiber Table 2: Bleaching result alter every Mage d by the kraft process with different chemical charges and a wide range of time and temperature, and the optimal pulping conditions were established as in our previous work [29]. The highest yield 48.61% can be obtained with a relatively small alkali charge (14%) within 120 min at 170 •C. ...
... The second remark is the low amount of lignin, i.e., approximately 15%, to compare with other annual plants. In spite of the high content of ash, this raw material is worth pulping, mainly ity of extractives in methanol/benzene (1:2) was 3.52% that is a collective term referring to anana stem fiber d by the kraft process with different chemical charges and a wide range of time and temperature, and the optimal pulping conditions were established as in our previous work [29]. The highest yield •C. yield pulp was selected). ...
Banana stem is readily collected from banana trees after collection of banana fruits. The stem is used as a waste product and used in domestic cooking purpose. It’s removed after cutting of banana stem in small pieces and again stem is blowing inside the digester at a high pressure and consecutive use of sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide and sodium hypochlorite.( 1) The fiber is molten and making pulp. In recent history there’s decline of Indian Handmade Paper in import request due to increase of cost of traditionally used good quality raw material. The present paper covers the potential for availability of banana fibre and its morphological & chemical nature as well as the pulping technologies with enzymatic refining.( 2) Banana fibre is a natural fibre with high strength, which can be blended lightly with cotton fibre or synthetic fibre to produce compound material. In the fiber extraction process, a substantial measure of Lignocellulosic wastes are generated, disposal of which creates problem in the adjacent area. In this paper, extracted banana fiber( EBF) and waste banana fiber( WBF) were characterized in terms of chemical and morphological plots to assumed Banana is one of the most well- known and useful plants in the world. Almost all the parts of this manufactory, that are, fruit, leaves, flower bud, trunk, and pseudo-stem, can be used. This chapter deals with the fiber extracted from the pseudo-stem of the banana plant of the banana plant. This chapter deals with the fiber extracted from the pseudo-stem of the banana factory. It discusses the product of banana pseudo-stem fiber, which includes colony and harvesting; extraction of banana pseudo-stem fiber; retting; and degumming of the fiber. It also deals with the characteristics of the banana pseudo-stem fiber, similar as morphological, physical and mechanical, duration, degradability, thermal, chemical, and antibacterial properties(3). Several possible uses of this fiber are also mentioned, similar as the use of this fiber to fabricate rope, place mats, paper cardboard, string thread, tea bags, high- quality fabric materials, absorbent, polymer/ fiber composites,etc.( 4).
... The BF composite properties have also been analyzed for load and length and it was shown that 30 mm fiber length gave the optimum mechanical and structural strength at 40 % BF loading. The study of the water absorption by BF composites reveals that the high-water absorption ability of BF results in lower mechanical properties [21,22]. The addition of natural fiber waste results in the enhancement of mechanical properties [23]. ...
The present environmental condition indicates the immediate need for sustainable materials containing mainly natural elements for composite fabrication. Encouragement of natural fibers in composite materials can significantly reduce the greenhouse effect and the high cost of manufacturing synthetic fiber-based polymer composites. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the physio-mechanical properties of banana fiber (BF) fiber -based epoxy (EP) composites filled with walnut shell powder (WNP). Fabrication was carried out by mixing and cold pressing with fixed BF proportion and varying percentages of WNP (0%, 5%, 10%, 15 wt. %). The results obtained in the study suggest the mechanical properties of the BF/EP composite were enhanced with the addition of WNP as a filler. This is because the WNP filler occupies the spaces in the composite, which bridge the gaps between the banana fibers and the epoxy matrix; also, the inclusion of walnut powder in the BF/EP composites greatly enhanced their wear resistance. The microstructural properties of the composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
... The yield obtained in this study using soda pulping and after washing and screening is 20%, which is low as compared to wood biomass but comparable to the yields of nonwood biomass obtained in previous studies. For instance, Khan et al. [62], obtained yields ranging from 19 to 41% for soda pulping of Banana Pseudo stem, depending on the cooking conditions; Wutisatwongkul et al. [37] obtained an optimum pulp yield of 21.29% using soda pulping of pineapple leaves and Alagbe et al. [63]obtained a pulp yield of 25.7% for the chemical pulping of rice husk. Nonetheless, since usually cooking conditions, and in particular alkali charge, affect the pulp yield [62] further investigations are required to determine the optimum soda pulping conditions for Mauritian Hemp as this study only investigated the best pulping method for Mauritian hemp amongst soda, kraft and (sea) water retting and the conditions used for concentration of chemicals, pulping temperature and pulping time used, were based on previous studies [35,36,43,44]. ...
... For instance, Khan et al. [62], obtained yields ranging from 19 to 41% for soda pulping of Banana Pseudo stem, depending on the cooking conditions; Wutisatwongkul et al. [37] obtained an optimum pulp yield of 21.29% using soda pulping of pineapple leaves and Alagbe et al. [63]obtained a pulp yield of 25.7% for the chemical pulping of rice husk. Nonetheless, since usually cooking conditions, and in particular alkali charge, affect the pulp yield [62] further investigations are required to determine the optimum soda pulping conditions for Mauritian Hemp as this study only investigated the best pulping method for Mauritian hemp amongst soda, kraft and (sea) water retting and the conditions used for concentration of chemicals, pulping temperature and pulping time used, were based on previous studies [35,36,43,44]. There was also a large amount of cellulose degradation that has occurred which might have been due to the soda pulping conditions not being optimum for this particular biomass. ...
PurposeThe study examines the potential of Mauritian hemp (Furcraea foetida L.), a lignocellulosic non-wood biomass, as a more environmental friendly substitute to virgin wood for printing paper production.Methods
The best pulping method for Mauritian hemp was first investigated. A4 sized papers were then produced using 100% Mauritian hemp fibres and mixtures of Mauritian hemp fibres with Elephant grass fibres and wastepaper. Using Standard tests, the physical (thickness, grammage, apparent density, water absorbency) and mechanical (tensile strength, burst strength, crease recovery, abrasion resistance) properties of the papers produced were evaluated and compared with those of an 80 gsm A4 commercial printing paper used as control. Lastly, internal sizing was done by adding different proportions of starch to the paper whose properties were closest to the control (judged most printable) to investigate any property enhancement.ResultsSoda cooking with 12% Wt/V NaOH solution at a temperature of 90 °C for 90 min was found best for pulping Mauritian hemp. The 100% Mauritian hemp paper had characteristics closest to the control, with apparent density 141.54 kg/m3, water absorbency time 1.436 s, burst strength 0.323 kPa m2/g, tensile strength 10.97 Nm/g, abrasion resistance 37.5 cycles before rupture and crease recovery angle 34.8°. Increasing the starch content from 10 to 40% caused the 100% Mauritian hemp paper’s characteristics to increasingly approach those of the control, thus showing printability improvement.Conclusion
The methodologies adopted for papermaking and testing demonstrated that Mauritian hemp is a suitable alternative to wood to produce good quality printing paper.Graphic Abstract
... There are major chemical composition differences between enset and banana plant fibres. The lignin content of banana (10-20%) [61][62][63] is relatively higher than that of false banana depicting the difference in the ease of delignification during the pulping process. ...
There are many pulp and paper industries all around the globe and in Ethiopia as well different companies are involved in the production and distribution of paper and paper products. Most of the industries especially those in developing countries like Ethiopia produce paper from pulp obtained from wood cellulose. Ethiopia is not producing its pulp and mostly the paper industries depend on imported pulp or recycled paper. There are critical limitations in synthesizing pulp and paper from wood-based cellulose resources mainly the scarcity of wood in some countries and the impact on altering the ecological balance and through frequent deforestation and replantation practice. The present review assesses the potential sources from non-wood resources which can be used as a substitute cellulose raw material for the pulp and paper industry. The study encompasses possible beneficiation routes for manufacturing pulp from non-wood cellulose resources available in Ethiopia for diversified application in the paper industry. With this regard, potential non-wood raw materials for pulping are assed in line with the fulfilment of the target for import substitution strategy, the realization of a safe working environment, and socio-economic betterment of the nation with specific reference to the paper industry.
... The variation in this composition occurs according to grooving (soil features, climate, aging conditions) and extraction methods conditions [21]. The contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin present in banana fibers ( Table 2) are very similar to those found for jute and sisal fibers [22][23][24][25][26][27], therefore do not allow any conclusion over fiber chemical content influence in mechanical data presented in Table 1. Table 3 shows the typical FTIR absorption bands of jute and sisal found in the literature [12] and of banana fiber obtained experimentally. ...
... Some of the key drivers of this growth are awareness of environmental sustainability and conservation, growing demand from emerging economies and consumer interest in clothing that uses environmentally friendly raw materials. Further tests in weaving process should be performed Banana [22][23][24][25][26][27] 60-70 10-30 5-12 Jute [22][23][24][25][26][27] 50-70 12-20 5-21 Sisal [22][23][24][25][26][27] 60-74 10-20 7-11 ...
... Some of the key drivers of this growth are awareness of environmental sustainability and conservation, growing demand from emerging economies and consumer interest in clothing that uses environmentally friendly raw materials. Further tests in weaving process should be performed Banana [22][23][24][25][26][27] 60-70 10-30 5-12 Jute [22][23][24][25][26][27] 50-70 12-20 5-21 Sisal [22][23][24][25][26][27] 60-74 10-20 7-11 ...
This work search for new environmentally friendly applications for the fibers of banana pseudostem. The morphological characteristics of the cellulosic fibers originated from pseudostem allows obtaining fabrics with good mechanical properties. Observing the potential of banana agribusiness disposal that MusaFiber Company realized, in this fibrous residue, an opportunity for the development of new products. Fibers were extracted mechanically from the banana pseudostems, then, the obtained fibers were characterized in relation to the diameter, tensile strength, elongation at break by tensile tests and its morphological structure by scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical tests revealed much better tensile strength (590 MPa) when compared to other natural fibers, such as jute (249 MPa) and sisal (350 MPa). The highest mechanical strength is due to the high degree of crystallinity of this fiber (~ 67%) calculated from the FTIR spectrum and to its morphology.
... Holocellulose extracted from banana pseudostem of Grand naine and Poovan were found to be 27.82% and 28.4%, respectively ( Figure. 1b). This might be due to lower percentage of lignin and ash content found in Poovan variety (Gopinathan et al., 2017;Khan et al., 2013;Preethi and Murthy, 2013). Further, NFCs synthesized from both varieties were characterized in TEM (Fig. 2a, 2b) and the diameter ranged from 15-25 nm and possess net like fibre structure (Gopinathan et al., 2017;Sofla et al., 2016). ...
Phospholipase D (PLD) is a crucial enzyme indeterioration of membrane phospholipid by a cascade of metabolic reaction which can be effectively inhibited by hexanal, a C6 aldehyde (volatile) naturally produced asplant defense mechanism. In this study, hexanal is encapsulated by PVA nanofibre intercalated with nanocellulose using electrospinning. In ourstudy, nanocellulose was prepared using biodegradable wastes from banana pseudostem of Grand naine and Poovan cultivars through acid hydrolysis method to increase the loading capacity of matrix. Nanocellulose extracted from Grand naine and Poovan varieties were found to be 15-25 nm respectively.Further, the prepared matrices were loaded with hexanal in both passive and active method. The effect of hexanal loaded nanofibre on mango fruits in extending shelf life was studied. The actively loaded matrix showed slower and uniform release of hexanal inside the packaging box, while passively loaded matrix initially exhibited burst release pattern, followed by a decrease in the hexanal release pattern. Fruit ripeness parameters such as physiological loss in weight (PLW), vitamin C content, total soluble solids (TSS) and change in fruit colour were positively correlated with the hexanal release pattern till 11 days of storage period at room temperature.These findings give an opportunity to explore electrospinning and encapsulation of various volatile compound for slow release application in post-harvest studies of perishables.
... Holocellulose extracted from banana pseudostem of Grand naine and Poovan were found to be 27.82% and 28.4%, respectively ( Figure. 1b). This might be due to lower percentage of lignin and ash content found in Poovan variety (Gopinathan et al., 2017;Khan et al., 2013;Preethi and Murthy, 2013). Further, NFCs synthesized from both varieties were characterized in TEM (Fig. 2a, 2b) and the diameter ranged from 15-25 nm and possess net like fibre structure (Gopinathan et al., 2017;Sofla et al., 2016). ...
Phospholipase D (PLD) is a crucial enzyme indeterioration of membrane
phospholipid by a cascade of metabolic reaction which can be effectively
inhibited by hexanal, a C6 aldehyde (volatile) naturally produced asplant
defense mechanism. In this study, hexanal is encapsulated by PVA
nanofibre intercalated with nanocellulose using electrospinning. In
ourstudy, nanocellulose was prepared using biodegradable wastes from
banana pseudostem of Grand naine and Poovan cultivars through acid
hydrolysis method to increase the loading capacity of matrix. anocellulose
extracted from Grand naine and Poovan varieties were found to be 15-25
nm respectively.Further, the prepared matrices were loaded with hexanal in
both passive and active method. The effect of hexanal loaded nanofibre on
mango fruits in extending shelf life was studied. The actively loaded matrix
showed slower and uniform release of hexanal inside the packaging box,
while passively loaded matrix initially exhibited burst release pattern, followed
by a decrease in the hexanal release pattern. Fruit ripeness parameters such
as physiological loss in weight (PLW), vitamin C content, total soluble solids
(TSS) and change in fruit colour were positively correlated with the hexanal
release pattern till 11 days of storage period at room temperature.These
findings give an opportunity to explore electrospinning and encapsulation
of various volatile compound for slow release application in post-harvest
studies of perishables.
... The experimental work includes preparation of raw material, proximate analysis, pulping, bleaching, stock preparation, sheet formation & testing. Goswami et al (2008), Azahari et al (2016), Kumar et al (2011) and Khan et al (2013) emphasized and addressed different pulping and paper manufacturing methods. The method incorporated in this study is described below. ...
... Finally, bleaching of obtained pulp was performed with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) for 75 minutes at 65°C. A bleaching stage was applied to improve the brightness of obtained pulp [4]. Material bleached with hydrogen peroxide is given in Figure 7. ...
... Natural cellulose-based fibres are gaining importance in the development of new composite formulations with enhanced mechanical properties (Mukhopadhyay et al., 2006;Goswami et al., 2008). Compared with synthetic fibres, natural fibres have numerous advantages such as their renewability, low cost, wide availability and stiffness (Khan et al., 2013). Banana fibres can be used for various purposes, such as in the textile, paper or handicrafts industry. ...
Introduction – Numerous natural fibres are widely used at industrial scales. Fibres extracted as a by-product of food or feed crops reduce the need for additional land. Enset fibre is a by-product obtained during pseudostem/leaf sheath processing. Enset fibre is currently used for making ropes (e.g., for mud house construction or tethering domestic animals), ground and table mats, coffee bags and as a reinforcement in gypsum room decorations and panels. Materials and methods – The aim of the current study was to assess enset fibre quantity and quality of a wide range of enset landraces and compare fibre tensile strength with that of banana (of which leaf sheaths also contain fibre), of abaca (of which fibre is the main product) and over 20 other types of natural fibres, to identify possible additional enset fibre uses/value chains. Quantity of fibre in enset is dependent on landrace while fibre tensile strength is mostly similar across enset landraces. Results and discussion – Results from the current study and literature indicated that enset fibre tensile strength (9.8–17.5 kg g⁻¹ m⁻¹) is slightly inferior to or comparable with abaca fibre (15.4 kg g⁻¹ m⁻¹), while it is of higher quality than banana fibre (9.8–10.8 kg g⁻¹ m⁻¹) for most of the assessed enset landraces. Abaca fibre is utilized by the pulp, cordage and fibre craft industries. It is also used in reinforced composite materials. Conclusion – Due to its comparable fibre quality in terms of tensile strength, enset fibre could be used at an industrial scale for pulp and paper processing, and in composite materials. However, processing tests would need to be carried out to confirm its suitability for these additional value chain options. Additional fibre analysis would also need to include cellulose content and fibre thickness of a wide range of enset landraces. © 2018 International Society for Horticultural Science. All Rights Reserved.
