Figure 17 - available via license: CC BY-NC
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
An investigation was conducted for the improvement of viscosity index of light lubricating oil fraction (40 stock)
obtained from vacuum distillation unit of lube oil plant of Daura Refinery, using solvent extraction process.
In this study furfural solvent was used to extract the undesirable materials which reduce the viscosity index of raw
lubricat...
Similar publications
Since plastic and food waste are both types of non-lignocellulosic biomass, these must be handled and managed correctly to avoid pollution problems and damage to the environment. Bio-oil, made from recycled materials, including plastic and food waste, is one focus of these attempts. The co-pyrolysis method is being investigated in this study as a t...
Rationale
The stable isotope ratios of water (δ²H and δ¹⁸O values) have been widely used to trace water in plants in a variety of physiological, ecohydrological, biogeochemical and hydrological studies. In such work, the analyte must first be extracted from samples, prior to isotopic analysis. While cryogenic vacuum distillation is currently the mo...
An empty oil-palm fruit bunch (EFB) has been proposed as an alternative lignocellulose with potential to produce bio-succinate. However, studies of succinate production from EFB were sparse. Succinate concentrations and yield reported in published literatures were still low. To be more attractive, the utilization of EFB for bio-succinate at high co...
In this work, the activities and activity coefficients of binary precious metal alloys (Ag-Pb, Ag-Sb, Ag-Bi, Au-Pb, Pd-Pb, Pt-Pb and Cu-Pb) were predicted using molecular interaction volume model (MIVM), modified MIVM (M-MIVM), Wilson equation and nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model. The average standard deviation and average relative deviations of t...
Identifying studied sample acacia species selected and collected from Bekele Molla Hotel Avenue, Chamo Kebele, Arba Minch under convenient random sampling method. Tannins extracted using the solvents such as water (at 60 & 900C), methanol (at 900C) and its 1:1 mixture (at 900C) by employing Soxhlet extraction. Extracted crude tannins was separated...
Citations
... The base oil should pass through de-waxing, and solvent extraction processes prior to mixing with the additives, in order to reduce both wax and polyaromatic content. Where wax prevents free movement at lower temperatures [6], [7], while polyaromatics reduce the stability of oils viscosity to temperature variation [7].The additives are mostly organic compounds within special structures that are added to base oils in small quantities to upgrade their characteristic including viscosity, viscosity index, and pour point [8]. The un-used lubricant contains from (71 to 96 wt. ...
... The base oil should pass through de-waxing, and solvent extraction processes prior to mixing with the additives, in order to reduce both wax and polyaromatic content. Where wax prevents free movement at lower temperatures [6], [7], while polyaromatics reduce the stability of oils viscosity to temperature variation [7].The additives are mostly organic compounds within special structures that are added to base oils in small quantities to upgrade their characteristic including viscosity, viscosity index, and pour point [8]. The un-used lubricant contains from (71 to 96 wt. ...
In this study, the effects of blending the un-branched acrylate polymer known as Poly (n-decyl acrylate), and the branched acrylate polymer known as Poly (iso-octyl acrylate), on the viscosity index (VI), and the pour point of the Iraqi base stocks 40, and 60 respectively, were investigated. Toluene was used as a carrier solvent for both polymer types. The improvement level of oils (VI, & pour point) gained by blending the oil with the acrylate derived polymers was compared with the values of (VI, and pour point) gained by blending the oil with a commercial viscosity index, and pour point improver. The commercial lubricant additive was purchased and used by Al-Daura Refineries. It consisted of an un-known olefin copolymer dissolved in an un-known carrier solvent. All polyacrylate derivatives and the commercial lubricant additive named HITEC5748 were blended with each type of oil in weight percentage of (2, 4, 6, 8, & 10) wt. %. The result of the study was that the improvement in the viscosity index and the pour point of both base stock types was higher when using the polyacrylate derivatives than when using the commercial olefin copolymer additive.
... The base oil should pass through de-waxing, and solvent extraction processes prior to mixing with the additives, in order to reduce both wax and polyaromatic content. Where wax prevents free movement at lower temperatures [6], [7], while polyaromatics reduce the stability of oils viscosity to temperature variation [7].The additives are mostly organic compounds within special structures that are added to base oils in small quantities to upgrade their characteristic including viscosity, viscosity index, and pour point [8]. The un-used lubricant contains from (71 to 96 wt. ...
... The base oil should pass through de-waxing, and solvent extraction processes prior to mixing with the additives, in order to reduce both wax and polyaromatic content. Where wax prevents free movement at lower temperatures [6], [7], while polyaromatics reduce the stability of oils viscosity to temperature variation [7].The additives are mostly organic compounds within special structures that are added to base oils in small quantities to upgrade their characteristic including viscosity, viscosity index, and pour point [8]. The un-used lubricant contains from (71 to 96 wt. ...
In this study, the effects of blending the un-branched acrylate polymer known as Poly (n-decyl acrylate), and the branched acrylate polymer known as Poly (iso-octyl acrylate), on the viscosity index (VI), and the pour point of the Iraqi base stocks 40, and 60 respectively, were investigated. Toluene was used as a carrier solvent for both polymer types. The improvement level of oils (VI, & pour point) gained by blending the oil with the acrylate derived polymers was compared with the values of (VI, and pour point) gained by blending the oil with a commercial viscosity index, and pour point improver. The commercial lubricant additive was purchased and used by Al-Daura Refineries. It consisted of an un-known olefin copolymer dissolved in an un-known carrier solvent. All polyacrylate derivatives and the commercial lubricant additive named HITEC5748 were blended with each type of oil in weight percentage of (2, 4, 6, 8, & 10) wt. %. The result of the study was that the improvement in the viscosity index and the pour point of both base stock types was higher when using the polyacrylate derivatives than when using the commercial olefin copolymer additive.
... V. Mäkelä, P. Karhunen, S. Siren, S. Heikkinen[2013], detect by software designed for mass analysis of quantitative spectra (ImatraNMR) on signals originating from napthene (cycloalkane) structures present in base oil samples to conduct the analysis of the physicochemical properties of base oils [8] There are a lot off investigation that is depending on physical properties and chemical composition for crude oil products as in the study of Abdul-Halim A.-K. Mohammed [2007], improve the viscosity index for lubricant oil, explain effect of temperature and solvent on chemical composition and physical properties by using the n-d-M method for carbon distribution and analysis [9]. ...
... V. Mäkelä, P. Karhunen, S. Siren, S. Heikkinen[2013], detect by software designed for mass analysis of quantitative spectra (ImatraNMR) on signals originating from napthene (cycloalkane) structures present in base oil samples to conduct the analysis of the physicochemical properties of base oils [8] There are a lot off investigation that is depending on physical properties and chemical composition for crude oil products as in the study of Abdul-Halim A.-K. Mohammed [2007], improve the viscosity index for lubricant oil, explain effect of temperature and solvent on chemical composition and physical properties by using the n-d-M method for carbon distribution and analysis [9]. ...
A study of characteristics of the lubricant oils and the physical properties is essential to know the quality of lubricant oils. The parameters that lead to classify oils have been studied in this research. Three types of multi-grades lubricant oils were applied under changing temperatures from 25 o C to 78 o C to estimate the physical properties and mixture compositions. Kinematic viscosity, viscosity gravity constant and paraffin (P), naphthenes (N) and aromatics (A) (PNA) analysis are used to predict the composition of lubricants oil. Kinematic viscosity gives good behaviors and the oxidation stability for each lubricant oils. PNA analysis predicted fractions of paraffin (X P), naphthenes (X N), and aromatics (X A) for each one give us a good value for sample 3 (15W40) leads to suitable classification for this type multi-grade oils by kinematic viscosity
... Different solvents and co-solvents where investigated in the literature. The effect of furfural as a solvent on a mixed base oil was investigated by [6][7][8]. Different extraction temperature and solvent to feed ratio were studied. An improvement in the oil viscosity index was observed with the increase in extraction temperature and solvent to oil ratio. ...
... A summary of the chemicals, used in this work and their suppliers are given in Table 1. The purities of the chemicals were checked by comparing the experimental density, speed of sound and refractive index values of the pure chemicals at various temperatures with those reported in literature and showed excellent correlation [7,10,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. These results are given in Table 2. ...
In this work, experimental densities, speed of sound, and refractive indices for the binary mixtures {methanol (x1) or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [EMIM][OAc] + furfural or furfuryl alcohol (x2)} were measured at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K. From the experimental data, excess molar volume, VmE, isentropic compressibility, κs, molar refractions, R, and deviation in refractive index, ∆ n, were calculated. The obtained values of excess molar volumes and changes of refractive index on mixing were correlated by the Redlich-Kister equation. The Lorentz–Lorenz equation was applied to predict the density and calculate the excess molar volume of the binary mixtures. These results were interpreted in terms of the molecular interactions that occur between the components of the mixture.
... IJCPE Vol. 16 No.1 (March 2015) -Available online at: www.iasj.net ...
... IJCPE Vol. 16 Abdul-Halim and amal [10], in 2008, improved the viscosity index of a lubricating oil fraction (SAE -30). By extracting the undesirable materials which reduce the viscosity index of raw lubricating oil fraction, the first solvent was furfural and the second was NMP (N-methyl, 2, pyrrolidone). ...
... The feedstock for vacuum distillation unit was atmospheric residue produced from mixed Iraqi crude oils (60 % of Basrah, 30 % of Kirkuk and 10 % of Sharki-IJCPE Vol. 16 No.1 (March 2015) -Available online at: www.iasj.net Baghdad). ...
An investigation was conducted effect of addition co-solvent on solvent extraction process for two types of a lubricating oil fraction (spindle) and (SAE-30) obtained from vacuum distillation unit of lube oil plant of Daura Refinery. In this study two types of co-solvents (formamide and N-methyl, 2, pyrrolidone) were blended with furfural to extract aromatic hydrocarbons which are the undesirable materials in raw lubricating oil, in order to improve the viscosity index, viscosity and yield of produced lubricating oil. The studied operating condition are extraction temperature range from 70 to 110 °C for formamide and 80 to 120 °C for N-methyl, 2, pyrrolidone, solvent to oil ratio range from 1:1 to 2:1 (wt./wt.) for furfural with formamide extraction and 1:1 to 3:1 (wt./wt.) for furfural with NMP extraction. The results of the investigation show that the viscosity index of lubricating oil fraction increases while viscosity and percentage yield of raffinate decreases with increasing extraction temperature, the solvent to oil ratio and co-solvent to furfural ratio. For formamide the best temperature were 90 °C, furfural to co-solvent ratio (60:40) and solvent to lube oil ratio (1.5:1) to get best value of viscosity index 102, viscosity 3.01 cst and 69.23 % yield. While for NMP co-solvent 110 °C extraction temperature, (2:1) solvent to lube oil ratio and (60:40) furfural to co-solvent ratio, to produce lube oil with 96 viscosity index, 9.10 cst viscosity and 68.50 yield.
... IJCPE Vol. 16 No.1 (March 2015) -Available online at: www.iasj.net ...
... IJCPE Vol. 16 Abdul-Halim and amal [10], in 2008, improved the viscosity index of a lubricating oil fraction (SAE -30). By extracting the undesirable materials which reduce the viscosity index of raw lubricating oil fraction, the first solvent was furfural and the second was NMP (N-methyl, 2, pyrrolidone). ...
... The feedstock for vacuum distillation unit was atmospheric residue produced from mixed Iraqi crude oils (60 % of Basrah, 30 % of Kirkuk and 10 % of Sharki-IJCPE Vol. 16 No.1 (March 2015) -Available online at: www.iasj.net Baghdad). ...
An investigation was conducted effect of addition co-solvent on solvent extraction process for two types of a lubricating oil fraction (spindle) and (SAE-30) obtained from vacuum distillation unit of lube oil plant of Daura Refinery. In this study two types of co-solvents (formamide and N-methyl, 2, pyrrolidone) were blended with furfural to extract aromatic hydrocarbons which are the undesirable materials in raw lubricating oil, in order to improve the viscosity index, viscosity and yield of produced lubricating oil. The studied operating condition are extraction temperature range from 70 to 110 °C for formamide and 80 to 120 °C for N-methyl, 2, pyrrolidone, solvent to oil ratio range from 1:1 to 2:1 (wt./wt.) for furfural with formamide extraction and 1:1 to 3:1 (wt./wt.) for furfural with NMP extraction. The results of the investigation show that the viscosity index of lubricating oil fraction increases while viscosity and percentage yield of raffinate decreases with increasing extraction temperature, the solvent to oil ratio and co-solvent to furfural ratio. For formamide the best temperature were 90 °C, furfural to co-solvent ratio (60:40) and solvent to lube oil ratio (1.5:1) to get best value of viscosity index 102, viscosity 3.01 cst and 69.23 % yield. While for NMP co-solvent 110 °C extraction temperature, (2:1) solvent to lube oil ratio and (60:40) furfural to co-solvent ratio, to produce lube oil with 96 viscosity index, 9.10 cst viscosity and 68.50 yield.
In response to waste oil’s economic and environmental problems, there has been a growing trend to recycle and reuse waste lubricant oil. This has however been achieved using the most important used oil recycling technology, Re-refining. Although, many methods of used oil re-refining exist, solvent extraction has proven to be of better technical advantage compared to others on the basis of its environmental friendly nature as well as its economic viability. For the purpose of this research work, the solvent extraction process was employed using the solvents (Phenol, NMP and furfural) for the
selective absorption of the residual aromatics as well as the contaminants present so as to improve principally the oil’s viscosity index (VI). The performances of these solvents were however accessed based on VI improvement and yield. The solvents were systematically varied alongside temperatures of 40, 60, 80 and 100oC and solvent to oil ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 respectively. NMP proved to be the best solvent over furfural and phenol in terms of VI improvement giving highest value of 105, whereas, furfural gave the best performance over NMP and phenol in terms of raffinate yield with highest yield obtained as 90%.
