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Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (Scb) supplementation (182 g/t of feed) on the serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) response of pigs to an intravenous challenge with 25 μg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Values represent the mean ± SEM for barrows assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: with (Scb; n = 15) and without (control; n = 15) the in-feed inclusion of Scb for 16 d. The LPS induced a time-dependent increase (P < 0.01) in serum TNF-α that was accelerated and increased (P < 0.06) by Scb at 1.5 h when compared with peak production in control. Differences in TNF-α production were not observed after 2 h.
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The effects of active dry yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (Scb), on the immune/cortisol response and subsequent mortality to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration were evaluated in newly weaned piglets (26.1 ± 3.4 d of age). Barrows were assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: with (Scb; n = 15) and without (control; n = 1...
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... Thus, it is apparent that while INC supplementation influenced BHB concentrations in our study, the broader hormonal parameters related to energy metabolism exhibited a level of stability that is consistent with prior research in this domain. It is crucial to note that yeast cultures have previously exhibited their capacity to reduce circulating cytokine levels, including IL-6 and TNF-α, in diverse contexts, such as in pigs [51], cellular environments [52], and murine models [53].These observations align closely with the findings of our present study. This intriguing pattern suggests a potential dampening effect on the inflammatory response during the early prepartum phase, consistent with the current observations of reduced TNFα and IL-6 concentrations with increasing INC levels. ...
Oxidative stress damage in periparturient cows decreases both production and their health; supplementation with complex additives during the periparturient period has been used as an important strategy to enhance the antioxidant status and production of dairy cows. The periparturient cows not only risk a negative energy balance due to reduced dry matter intake but also represent a sensitive period for oxidative stress. Therefore, we have developed an immunomodulatory and nutritional regulation combined additive (INC) that hopefully can improve the immune status and production of cows during the periparturient period and their offspring health and growth by improving their antioxidant stress status. The INC comprised a diverse array of additives, including water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, Selenomethionine, and active dry Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Forty-five multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to three treatments: CON (no INC supplementation, n = 15), INC30 (30 g/d INC supplementation, n = 15), and INC60 (60 g/d INC supplementation, n = 15) based on last lactation milk yield, body condition score, and parity. Newborn calves were administered 4 L of maternal colostrum originating from the corresponding treatment and categorized based on the treatment received by their respective dams. The INC not only served to maintain the antioxidative stress system of dairy cows during the periparturient period but also showed a tendency to improve the immune response (lower tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6) during the perinatal period. A linear decrease in concentrations of alkaline phosphatase postpartum and β-hydroxybutyrate was observed with INC supplementation. Milk fat yield, milk protein yield, and energy-corrected milk yield were also increased linearly with increasing additive supplementation. Calves in the INC30 group exhibited greater wither height and chest girth but no significant effect on average daily gain or body weight. The diarrhea frequency was linearly decreased with the incremental level of INC. Results indicate that supplementation with INC in peripartum dairy cows could be a major strategy to improve immune response, decrease inflammation, maintain antioxidant stress status in transition dairy cows, and have merit in their calves. In conclusion, this study underlines the benefits of INC supplementation during the transition period, as it improved anti-inflammatory capacity, could positively impact antioxidative stress capacity, and eventually enhanced the production performance of dairy cows and the health and growth of calves.
... Adding Scb in nursery diets before an LPS challenge with newly weaned barrows induced a hastened peak production of tumor necrosis factorα. In contrast, peak production of IL-1β and IL-6 was less than in control animals [25]. Despite limited research, these findings imply that yeast-based probiotics could improve performance and modulate the immune system. ...
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the potential immunomodulatory effect of maternal supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (Scb) from late gestation until the end of lactation on the immune phenotype of her progeny. Eighteen sows were fed 2 boluses per day of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CMCN-1079 (probiotic; PRO, n = 9) or placebo (CON, n = 9) starting at gestational day (GD) 84 and continuing until 21 days post-farrowing (end of lactation). Sow blood samples were collected every 7 days post-supplementation during gestation and 24-h post-farrowing and end of lactation. Blood samples were taken from 84 female pigs (n = 42 per sow treatment group) at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days old to assess innate and adaptive immune measures. Minimal effects of Scb supplementation were found on sow immune status during gestation and lactation, except for PRO-treated sows that had enhanced neutrophil function (P < 0.05) overall and mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation after 51 days of treatment (P < 0.0001). Overall, pigs from PRO-treated sows had higher C5a- and IL-8-induced neutrophil chemotaxis, NK cytotoxicity, and mitogen-induced B-lymphocyte proliferation than those from CON sows (P < 0.05; TRT). Supplementation had minimal effect on the sows but postnatal maternal exposure to Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii supplementation modulated the immune status of the progeny beyond the lactation period resulting in those from PRO-treated sows having more enhanced neutrophil function and B-cell proliferative response in the short term. Therefore, these data imply that including yeast probiotics in maternal diets may have carry-over effects in priming offspring’s immune function, especially neutrophil function and B-cell proliferation in the short term.
... Calves exposed to lipopolysaccharide (E. coli O55:B5) exhibit an elevation in body temperature [85]. Meanwhile, yeast has been shown to mitigate the impact of heat stress on undesirable enteric microbial populations [85] and acute inflammatory responses in swine [86]. However, insufficient data is available on calf response to SB coupled to thermal stress in controlled environments. ...
Biological feed is a feed product developed through bioengineering technologies such as fermentation engineering, enzyme engineering, protein engineering, and genetic engineering. It possesses functional characteristics of high nutritional value and good palatability that can improve feed utilization, replace antibiotics, enhance the health level of livestock and poultry, improve the quality of livestock products, and promote a better breeding environment. A comprehensive review is provided on the types of biological feed, their mechanism of action, fermenting strains, fermenting raw material resources, and their current status in animal production to facilitate in-depth research and development of applications.
... The digestibility, absorption, and immune function of weaned piglets were weak. The average daily gain of piglets in the S. boulardii group was 39.9% higher than that in the control group, and the mortality of piglets induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide was reduced by 20% [60]. S. boulardii also can regulate the number of lymphocytes, increase IgA antibody secretion in the intestinal tract, and reduce ETEC localization to the intestinal membrane system [61]. ...
The intensive use of antibiotics as growth-promoting agents in animal production has resulted in the spread of animal antibiotic resistance and possibly human antibiotic resistance. Based on this premise, it is significant to explore an alternative approach to preventing infectious diseases and promoting animal growth and health. Yeast as the main natural growth promoter in livestock nutrition has been extensively studied for decades. Numerous yeasts and yeast-containing products are produced, marketed, and used in animal feed as providers of nutrient sources, probiotics, and nutrients or serve distinct nutritional functions. A large amount of scientific research suggests that yeasts and their derivatives may be good for animal growth performance and health, especially when animals are housed in poor sanitation or are suffering from disease. However, when yeasts are used as a surrogate for livestock antibiotics, the results vary according to several factors, including yeast species, yeast product components, feed ingredients, animal category, type of symptoms, and differences in the rearing environment. In this review, the effects of different yeasts on different animals will be reviewed. The types of widely used yeast products, their functional characteristics, and application effects will be discussed in order to provide a reference for the development and application of yeast feed products.
... An obvious and convincing effect on cytokine and oocyst formation was seen in infected broilers that had been given a commercial Lactobacillusbased probiotic supplement. By combining L. casei and dextran into an oral immunoadjuvant for birds to protect them from infectious diseases, researchers say they may have found the basis for a vaccine in the future [24]. ...
A new class of feed additives and nutritional supplements, known as probiotics, include bacterial, fungal, and yeast cultures from various sources. Overall, probiotics are believed to promote the health and well-being of animals, birds, and humans in a variety of settings. Incorporating probiotics into the diets of cattle and poultry has been demonstrated to improve growth, feed conversion efficiency, immunological responses, and the animal's ability to manage enteric infections. The use of probiotic-enriched chicken feed has been shown to enhance egg production by as much as 30% among laying chickens. Probiotics may be used to fight off harmful microorganisms, create antibacterial compounds (such as bacteriocins or colicins), and alter the immunological response of the host, according to the National Institutes of Health. Pathogenic microbial strains such as Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Pediococcus, Aspergillus, and Saccharomyces are employed in the making of chicken products. The use of subtherapeutic doses of antimicrobial agents, including antibiotics, to combat or remove harmful bacteria and promote animal growth and feed efficiency has resulted in the accumulation of antibiotic residues in animal feed as well as the emergence of drug-resistant microbes in the feed supply chain. As a result of public health concerns, there has been a renewed emphasis on the use of probiotics in chicken production rather than antibiotics in recent years. This research examines the effects of probiotics and direct-fed microorganisms (DFM) on chicken health and performance, with a particular emphasis on the favourable effects they have on poultry health and performance.
... An obvious and convincing effect on cytokine and oocyst formation was seen in infected broilers that had been given a commercial Lactobacillusbased probiotic supplement. By combining L. casei and dextran into an oral immunoadjuvant for birds to protect them from infectious diseases, researchers say they may have found the basis for a vaccine in the future [24]. ...
A new class of feed additives and nutritional supplements, known as probiotics, include bacterial, fungal, and yeast cultures from various sources. Overall, probiotics are believed to promote the health and well-being of animals, birds, and humans in a variety of settings. Incorporating probiotics into the diets of cattle and poultry has been demonstrated to improve growth, feed conversion efficiency, immunological responses, and the animal's ability to manage enteric infections. The use of probiotic-enriched chicken feed has been shown to enhance egg production by as much as 30% among laying chickens. Probiotics may be used to fight off harmful microorganisms, create antibacterial compounds (such as bacteriocins or colicins), and alter the immunological response of the host, according to the National Institutes of Health. Pathogenic microbial strains such as Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Pediococcus, Aspergillus, and Saccharomyces are employed in the making of chicken products. The use of subtherapeutic doses of antimicrobial agents, including antibiotics, to combat or remove harmful bacteria and promote animal growth and feed efficiency has resulted in the accumulation of antibiotic residues in animal feed as well as the emergence of drug-resistant microbes in the feed supply chain. As a result of public health concerns, there has been a renewed emphasis on the use of probiotics in chicken production rather than antibiotics in recent years. This research examines the effects of probiotics and direct-fed microorganisms (DFM) on chicken health and performance, with a particular emphasis on the favourable effects they have on poultry health and performance.
... decreased rectal or skin temperature), altered meal behavior (increased meal frequency or shorter inter-meal intervals), decreased inflammatory responses, and modulated gut microbiota with an increase in Lactococcus lactis that was correlated to an improved feed intake during HS (Lee et al., 2019;Perdomo et al., 2020;Labussière et al., 2021;Mayorga et al., 2021). Other potential mechanisms of S. boulardii may be related to decreased bacterial adhesion in intestinal cells, reduced pro-inflammatory responses, and increased immune responses of pigs (Lessard et al., 2009;Collier et al., 2011;Daudelin et al., 2011;Oswald et al., 2015;Gresse et al., 2021) which may attenuate discussed compromised immune system of HS animals. Intestinal and mucosal integrity were also improved by LY supplementation in healthy and immunocompromised pigs (Bontempo et al., 2006;Collier et al., 2011;Oswald et al., 2015;Trevisi et al., 2017) which might help with the discussed leaky gut symptoms observed in hot conditions. ...
... Other potential mechanisms of S. boulardii may be related to decreased bacterial adhesion in intestinal cells, reduced pro-inflammatory responses, and increased immune responses of pigs (Lessard et al., 2009;Collier et al., 2011;Daudelin et al., 2011;Oswald et al., 2015;Gresse et al., 2021) which may attenuate discussed compromised immune system of HS animals. Intestinal and mucosal integrity were also improved by LY supplementation in healthy and immunocompromised pigs (Bontempo et al., 2006;Collier et al., 2011;Oswald et al., 2015;Trevisi et al., 2017) which might help with the discussed leaky gut symptoms observed in hot conditions. The beneficial effect in the GIT of S. boulardii that makes it an established therapeutic treatment for gut symbiosis, diarrhea, and constipation in humans (Kelesidis and Pothoulakis, 2012) might also apply to pigs especially since HS pigs seem to show symptoms like in humans with inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes (Jurjus et al., 2016;Hu et al., 2021). ...
https://hal.science/tel-04061173v1
... An obvious and convincing effect on cytokine and oocyst formation was seen in infected broilers that had been given a commercial Lactobacillusbased probiotic supplement. By combining L. casei and dextran into an oral immunoadjuvant for birds to protect them from infectious diseases, researchers say they may have found the basis for a vaccine in the future [24]. ...
This research is about the importance of probiotics in poultry feeding. Probiotics has been demonstrated to improve growth, feed conversion efficiency, immunological responses, and the animal’s ability to manage enteric infections.
... There are many supposed benefits of feeding SB, as it may directly or indirectly suppress populations of potentially pathogenic or growth-suppressing microorganisms (Everard et al. 2014). Additional benefits, depending on the animal model used, include production of trophic factors to increase the production of IgA derived from gut-associated lymphoid tissue, improved mucosal barrier function, brush border membrane integrity, digestion, and nutrient absorption (Qamar et al. 2001;Lipinski et al. 2012;Collier et al. 2014;Zhang et al. 2005). ...
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (SB) for sows on their productive performance, colostrum and milk composition, and litter performance, in tropical humid climatic conditions. A total of 105 sows (Topigs Norsvin®) were allotted to a 5 × 3 completely randomized factorial design, with five diets (control diet; SBGL4 and SBGL8: 0.04 and 0.08% SB supplementation from the 90th day of gestation until 24th day of lactation; SBL4 and SBL8: 0.04 and 0.08% SB supplementation during lactation) and three parity order groups (PO: 1st and 2nd; 3rd and 4th; 5th to 7th), considering each sow and their litter as experimental unit. Sows above the 5th PO that fed control diet had a lower daily milk production (DMP), number of weaned piglets (NWP), and daily weight gain of litter (DWGL) than sows from 1st to 4th PO that fed the same diet (P < 0.05). Dietary supply of SBGL4 and SBGL8 to older sows provided a higher DMP, NWP, and DWGL when compared to sows of same PO that fed the control diet (P < 0.05). Dietary supply of SBGL4, SBGL8, SBL4, and SBL8 provided a higher dry matter and protein contents in sows’ milk of 1st and 2nd PO when compared to sows from same PO that fed control diet (P < 0.05). Dietary supply of SB enhances milk yield of older sows and their litter performance, as well as the dry matter and protein content of younger sows’ milk in tropical humid climatic conditions.
... Moreover, feeding Scb to monogastric animals has improved gut health by increasing microbial gut diversity [11] and preventing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines [12]. Others have shown direct effects of feeding probiotic Scb to young pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in reduced incidence of endotoxin-induced mortality and reduced LPS-induced inflammatory response [13]. At the same time, data are limited on investigating the maternal effects of Scb supplementation on prenatal and postnatal immune status and stress responsiveness of the sow's progeny. ...
... Thus, diminishing the negative effects of early life stressors and enhancing the immune response would be beneficial, especially in the first weeks of life. However, Collier et al. [13] showed that the cumulative Scb-induced immune-neuroendocrine LPS response of delayed cortisol and oxidative burst might function to facilitate short-term pathogen clearance. Factors such as environmental stressors, husbandry practices, and antigenic exposures of sows may negatively affect the early development of their progeny's immune system [4,[23][24][25][26][27]. ...
The study aimed to investigate and characterize the maternal effects of feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boularddii (Scb) to sows from late-gestation through lactation on progeny cortisol, immune status, and stress responsiveness from birth to 14 days post-weaning. Eighty-four piglets were born to sows fed control (CON) or probiotic (PRO) boluses twice daily for 59 days. Blood samples were obtained at birth and 24 h later to assess prenatal effects; 7, 14, and 21 day-of-age to assess potential developmental effects; and at 24 h, 7, and 14 days post-weaning to assess the effects of weaning stress on immune and cortisol responses. Pigs born to PRO sows had less robust cortisol response and enhanced immune parameters at birth and 24 h later, indicating less stress. In response to weaning, pigs born to and nursed by PRO sows displayed unique cortisol and immune profiles than CON pigs. These results indicate that feeding sows Scb probiotics during late gestation reduces stress responsiveness to farrowing stress while increasing immune cell populations. Pigs nursed by PRO sows had a more robust initial cortisol response and enhanced neutrophil function and B-cell lymphocyte proliferation in response to weaning stress. These data imply it may be possible to maternally alter immune and stress responses in utero and during suckling in the short-term and up to 14 days post-weaning. However, more research is needed to optimize this strategy.
