| Effect of Csf1 knockdown on 5G3 hematopoietic support capacity. (A) The sorting strategy to isolate MPP and MDP is shown. Lin -bone marrow cells were prepared by antibody depletion using MACS ® column technology and anti-biotin microbeads (Miltenyi Biotec). For sorting progenitor subsets, cells were stained with lineage antibodies as well as fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies specific for progenitors: Sca-1, cKit, Flt3, CD150 and CD115. Cells were gated initially as Lin -PI -(live) cells. "Fluorescence minus one" controls were used to set gates to identify specific antibody binding. MPP were gated as cKit + Sca-1 + Flt3 + CD150 -cells, and MDP were further gated as cKit + Sca-1 -Flt3 + CD115 -cells. (B) Co-cultures were established by overlay of equal numbers (1 × 10 3 cells/flask) of sorted MDP and MPP above control 5G3 stroma, Csf1 knockdown stroma (CSF1(5) KD), and Igf2 knockdown stroma (IGF2 (2) KD). Non-adherent cells were collected weekly and stained with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies specific for CD11c, CD11b, MHC-II and F4/80 to identify subsets of CD11b -CD11c -progenitor cells, CD11b + CD11c -myeloid cells, CD11b + CD11c + MHC-II + cDC-like cells and CD11b + CD11c + MHC-II -L-DC. Data are presented as cumulative cell production over time. Cultures showing significant (p 0.0417) increasing subset production over 4 time points are shown by *. (C) A model for the role of Csf1 in hematopoiesis is shown. Red bars show blocking effects of Csf1 knockdown on one of two subsets of MPP.

| Effect of Csf1 knockdown on 5G3 hematopoietic support capacity. (A) The sorting strategy to isolate MPP and MDP is shown. Lin -bone marrow cells were prepared by antibody depletion using MACS ® column technology and anti-biotin microbeads (Miltenyi Biotec). For sorting progenitor subsets, cells were stained with lineage antibodies as well as fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies specific for progenitors: Sca-1, cKit, Flt3, CD150 and CD115. Cells were gated initially as Lin -PI -(live) cells. "Fluorescence minus one" controls were used to set gates to identify specific antibody binding. MPP were gated as cKit + Sca-1 + Flt3 + CD150 -cells, and MDP were further gated as cKit + Sca-1 -Flt3 + CD115 -cells. (B) Co-cultures were established by overlay of equal numbers (1 × 10 3 cells/flask) of sorted MDP and MPP above control 5G3 stroma, Csf1 knockdown stroma (CSF1(5) KD), and Igf2 knockdown stroma (IGF2 (2) KD). Non-adherent cells were collected weekly and stained with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies specific for CD11c, CD11b, MHC-II and F4/80 to identify subsets of CD11b -CD11c -progenitor cells, CD11b + CD11c -myeloid cells, CD11b + CD11c + MHC-II + cDC-like cells and CD11b + CD11c + MHC-II -L-DC. Data are presented as cumulative cell production over time. Cultures showing significant (p 0.0417) increasing subset production over 4 time points are shown by *. (C) A model for the role of Csf1 in hematopoiesis is shown. Red bars show blocking effects of Csf1 knockdown on one of two subsets of MPP.

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Study of the microenvironment that supports hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development in vivo is very difficult involving small numbers of interacting cells which are usually not well defined. While much is known about HSC niches located within the bone marrow in terms of contributing cell types and signalling molecules, very little is known about...

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Context 1
... similar finding was reported previously ( Petvises and O'Neill, 2014a). MPP co-cultured over control stroma also gave significant production of myeloid progenitors in this experiment, which was not lost through either Csf1 or Igf2 knockdown ( Figure 4B). Csf1 knockdown stroma however supported significant production of L-DC. ...
Context 2
... knockdown stroma however supported significant production of L-DC. The best explanation for this result is that L-DC progenitors are a subset of MPP and are not the cells dependent on CSF1 ( Figure 4C), so that when this gene is knocked down, there is a rebound effect with increased significant production of L-DC ( Figure 4B). In contrast, MDP co-cultures gave significant production of only the L-DC subset which was not inhibited by knockdown of either Csf1 or Igf2 in 5G3 stroma ( Figure 4B). ...
Context 3
... knockdown stroma however supported significant production of L-DC. The best explanation for this result is that L-DC progenitors are a subset of MPP and are not the cells dependent on CSF1 ( Figure 4C), so that when this gene is knocked down, there is a rebound effect with increased significant production of L-DC ( Figure 4B). In contrast, MDP co-cultures gave significant production of only the L-DC subset which was not inhibited by knockdown of either Csf1 or Igf2 in 5G3 stroma ( Figure 4B). ...
Context 4
... best explanation for this result is that L-DC progenitors are a subset of MPP and are not the cells dependent on CSF1 ( Figure 4C), so that when this gene is knocked down, there is a rebound effect with increased significant production of L-DC ( Figure 4B). In contrast, MDP co-cultures gave significant production of only the L-DC subset which was not inhibited by knockdown of either Csf1 or Igf2 in 5G3 stroma ( Figure 4B). The production of L-DC, suggests the presence of an L-DC progenitor within the sorted MDP population (Lin -Sca1 + ckit - Flt3 + CD115). ...

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