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Early sonographic pregnancy diagnosis (circumscribed anechoic fluid (EV); day 18)-EV-circumscribed anechoic fluid in the uterus-UB-Urinary Bladder
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... Currently, ultrasound imaging technology is considered a reliable method with high success in diagnosing pregnancy. This method provided the possibility of monitoring the uterus and fetus at different periods of pregnancy and obtaining the uterine and fetal measurements (4). Several studies have adopted ultrasonography to estimate the pregnancy age in different breeds of goats. ...
Estimated gestational age is essential for breeding farm animals because pregnant females require special care and nutrition, which varies according to gestation. The study aimed to estimate the gestational age of Shami does by transabdominal ultrasonographic measurement of fetal parameters. Thirty-three Shami does aged 2-2.5 years with confirmed conception dates were used. The does were examined in a standing position using a transabdominal 3.5 MHz convex sector probe of real-time ultrasonography. The does were examined weekly starting on 21 days of pregnancy until parturition. Measurements of the fetal parameters that include; the crown-rump length, head diameter, chest diameter, trunk diameter were obtained from the ultrasonographic images using the software Screen Calipers. Results showed that the gestational sac and embryos were observed first on 21 and 35 days of pregnancy. The litter size of pregnant does range between two and three kids. Crown-rump length ranged between 24.68±1.32 - 71.71±1.84 mm on 41-60 days. The head diameter was 15.63±0.82 - 45.04±0.92 mm on 41-120 days. Chest diameter was 11.52±0.84 - 56.35±0.93 on 51-110 days, and trunk diameter was 10.69±0.85 - 57.38±0.85 mm on 41-130 days of gestation. The highest positive correlations were obtained between the gestational age chest diameter (r=0.935), crown-rump length (r=0.917), head diameter (r=0.917) and trunk diameter (r=903). In conclusion, transabdominal ultrasonography is a practical method for pregnancy diagnosis and embryo monitoring in Shami goats. Also, it is reliable to estimate gestation age starting on 41 days of pregnancy. The chest diameter was the best fetal parameter, but trunk diameter can be used for the longest period to estimate the gestational age of Shami goats.
... Early detection of pregnancy in goats is performed using brightness mode (B-Mode) ultrasonography in real time. The presence of a fertilized egg with an embryo and amnio-tic fluid together with observation of the embryonic heartbeat clearly confirm pregnancy in ultrasound imaging during this period (Raja-Ili Airina et al., 2011;Samir et al., 2016;Anya et al., 2017). B-mode ultrasonography presents echogenicity specific to individual embryo-foetal structures in the form of images with darker or lighter areas (Kharche and Kouamo, 2015). ...
... From weeks 12 to 16 it is greyish-black, and around the 21st week it appears black in ultrasound images (Raja-Ili Airina et al., 2011). According to Anya et al. (2017), imaging of the embryonic heartbeat in goats is first possible from the 23rd day of gestation, and its frequency can be measured from the 25th day of gestation (Karen et al., 2009). In this case, simultaneous recording in M-mode (motion mode) is used. ...
Ultrasonography (USG) for embryo-foetal foetometry is widely used in the management of goat breeding. Tissues and organs of the embryo/foetus are measured and evaluated to assess gestational age. Transrectal, transabdominal and transvaginal probes are used to perform the ultrasound examination. Technological advances, especially with regard to ultrasound image resolution, enable precise visualization of embryo-foetal structures in goats. The article reviews the foetometric measurements used in ultrasound examination of pregnancy in goats. Performing this examination during specific periods of gestation enables effective monitoring of embryonic and foetal growth and development. In addition to measurements of embryo-foetal structures, measurements of foetal-maternal structures such as the placentomes and umbilical cord are important as well. The role of ultrasound in monitoring goat pregnancy, both normal and pathological, was also emphasized.
... The result of the current study was covenant with previous reports of Schrick and Inskeep (1993) and Gonzalez-Bulnes et al. (1998) who visualize of embryo from day 16 in goats using high frequency implemented transrectal ultrasound approach. Amer (2008) and Anya et al. (2017) reported that accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis reached 100% during 40day via trans-rectal ultrasound examination. The most common cause for a discrepancy with our result might be attributed to high frequency probe (8MHz) used in previous study, the overnight fasting before scanning as well as the site of ultrasonic scanning had to be clipped prior scanning. ...
The study was aimed to estimate the gestational age of Shami does by transabdominal ultrasonographic measurement of maternal parameters. Thirty-three Shami does aged 2-2.5 years with confirmed conception dates were used. The does were examined in a standing position using a transabdominal 3.5 MHz convex sector probe of real-time ultrasonography. The does were examined weekly starting from 21 days of pregnancy until parturition. Measurements of the maternal parameters that include; the uterine diameter, placental width, and placental height were obtained from the ultrasonographic images using the software Screen Calipers. Results showed that the gestational sac and embryos were observed early on 21 and 35 days of pregnancy. The litter size of Shami does was 2-3 kids. Uterine diameter ranged between 27±1.4 and 136.9±4.2 mm between 21-130 days, placentomes width was 17.6±0.6 – 38.5±2.1 mm, placentomes height was 9.5 ± 1.8 – 24.5 ± 1.4 mm on 51-150 days of gestation. The highest positive correlations were obtained between the gestational age and the measurements of uterine diameter (r=0.943). The least positive correlations were between the gestational age and the values of placenta width (r=0.715) and placentom height (r=0.615). In conclusion, transabdominal ultrasonography is a practical method for pregnancy diagnosis and monitoring of embryo in Shami goats. Also, it is reliable to estimate gestation age from 21 days of pregnancy. The uterine diameter was the best maternal parameter that can be used for the longest period for estimation of Shami goats gestational age.
