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Over time, industrial equipment, particularly in the oil, gas, and petrochemical industries, is subjected to various forms of degradation and damage that can affect its structural integrity. Most of the Codes and Standards pertaining to components do not address the issues of degradation and damage. As such, performing a Fitness For Service (FFS) a...
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... Enables user to run both Level 1 and 2 assessments to evaluate damaged equipment. 3) Program windows contain tool bars (Figure 4) for ease-of-use. Create a new project, save or exit the program, utilize converter, even access the Standard and check evaluation examples. ...
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... As such, performing a fitness-for-service (FFS) assessment is recommended to make run-repair-replace decisions of an in-service component that may be flawed or damaged. [1] For plant piping and pipelines, a fitness-for-service (FFS) analysis is a multidisciplinary analytical method in which damaged constructions are assessed for integrity and safety; during the design phase, often the specific failure mechanisms and their perpetual effect on the integrity of the installation are not taken into account, because in many cases, the conditions during operation vary widely from the design conditions. An FFS analysis combines the knowledge associated with strength related technical design aspects, stress analysis, fracture mechanics, metallurgy, corrosion and other degradation mechanisms, welding and other joining techniques, fabrication, inspection including destructive and non-destructive examination, installation and construction methods, operation and failure behaviour respectively failure consequences. ...
... [3] There are different literatures, standards and guidelines for FFS study, among which API 579-1/ASME FFS-1, developed jointly by American Petroleum Institute (API) and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), contains the most acceptable evaluation criteria to assess the fitness of installation based on the types of damages and flaws present on the in-service component, with detailed assessment and analysis to determine the structural integrity of the component to identify possible flaws or damage, offering a complete evaluation so that decision makers can determine accurately on whether to maintain operation, or repair equipment/piping, or replace it altogether. [1] In 2000, the American Petroleum Institute (API) published API RP 579, a Recommended Practice for FFS assessment, primarily intended for refining and petrochemical plants; however, getting widespread acceptability in a wide range of industries. This standard covers a wide range of flaws and damage mechanisms, including local metal loss, pitting corrosion, blisters, weld misalignment, crack-like flaws and fire damage, with appendices that provide guidance on analysing fracture toughness and weld residual stress distributions. ...
Fitness for Service (FFS) evaluation is a methodology to determine fitness or integrity in continued service for in-service equipment, structure, piping and pipeline, which are subject to susceptible to erosion and corrosion, in oil & gas, power, metallurgical or other industrial plants, using standardized methods and criteria. It forms a rational criterion for defining the limits of acceptance of flaw caused by erosion and corrosion in the course of prolonged operation/service of the plant components, and guides the engineers and managers to differentiate between acceptable and unacceptable flaws and damage. Accurate evaluation of FFS for plant piping and pipelines is an integral part of plant asset integrity management, and is a useful tool to not only determine the current fitness of the piping system, but also helps to predict the remaining life of the piping or pipeline. A major portion of plant piping or interplant pipelines can continue in service despite having small flaws, and a minimum repair or replacement to repair or replace can aid in continuation of the piping system in operation, without leading to any catastrophic failure, thus avoiding equipment unnecessary capital expenditure. In addition, needless repairs can do more impairment than good and may cause safety hazards in many cases. Remaining life assessment (RLA) studies for the piping systems are closely associated with fitness for Service (FFS) evaluation, and have a crucial role in CAPEX planning for the owners of industrial facilities. Coke Oven Gas (COG), produced in Coke Oven Plant, is used in many units of any integrated steel plant as fuel gas, and is conveyed through interplant pipelines to different units. Due to its high corrosive nature, the conveying piping/pipelines get corroded over long period of operation. This paper captures the study made in an integrated steel plant in India, wherein the COG pipeline of more than two (2) km got substantially corroded due to continuous operation for more than ten (10) years, leading to reduction in pipe wall thickness and localized failure of some weld joints. In order to evaluate the fitness and integrity of pipeline in continued service and predict the remaining life of pipeline, as well as to recommend measures of improvement, pipe stress analysis as per ASME B31.3 and 31.8 and FFS and RLA studies as per API 579/ASME FFS-1 and ASME B31G had been carried out, outcome of which are depicted in this paper.
... ressure vessels are common devices for various industrial applications [1][2][3][4]. The most preferred vessel shape to hold internal pressure is spherical [5]. ...
The effect of multiple shallow corrosion pits on the strength of a spherical vessel subjected to internal pressure is studied. The pits are considered both randomly and evenly distributed along the equator on the outer surface of the vessel. The dependencies of the stress concentration factor on the number of the pits are compared for linearly elastic and elastic-plastic material with hardening. The behavior of the vessels made of elastic and elastoplastic materials turned out to be qualitatively different. The approximation of periodic pits arrangement is discussed.
... Pressure vessels are common devices for various industrial applications [1][2][3][4]. The most preferred vessel shape to hold internal pressure is spherical [5]. ...
Corrosion and metal degradation are inevitable phenomena in various industries, and using Standards that provide detailed assessment to evaluate the structural integrity of an in-service damaged component is absolutely essential. Among all existing Standards, API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 is a well-known assessment standard recognized as Fitness-For-Service (FFS) assessment and is employed in various industries to assess the structural integrity of in-service pressure vessels and storage tanks that may contain a flaw or damage. In this study, software for the FFS evaluation was developed according to Part 7 of the third edition of the AP1579-1/ASME FFS-1 and was written using C# programming language. This software is developed for low-strength ferritic steel pressurized components with hydrogen blistering (HB) damage, in order to facilitate decision making on run-repair-replace of an in-service damaged component.
