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This paper provides an introduction to the UFC 4-021-02 Electronic Security Systems Standard document prepared within the Unified Facilities Program of the U.S. Department of Defence, which is providing guidance to architects and engineers on how to plan and design electronic security systems for critical facilities and infrastructures. Then, this...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... paper provides brief information about smart sensor technologies used by the intrusion detection system, which is a subset of the electronic security system as described in Section 2 and shown in Figure 1, based on the UFC 4-021-02 Electronic Security Systems Standard Document. The unified facilities criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007: Standard Practise for Unified Facilities Criteria and Unified Facilities Guide Specifications. ...
Context 2
... is part of an overall physical protection system. As shown in Figure 1, the overall physical protection system consists of civil engineering features of fences, gates, entry points, clear zones, and standoff distances; architectural issues of construction materials, barriers, doors, windows, and door hardware; structural issues of blast resistant protection; mechanical issues of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) protection and redundancy, electrical engineering issues of power redundancy and lighting systems, ESS, and operational considerations such as policy, procedures, and response times [1]. ...
Citations
... Regarding acoustic waves, the transmission form of sound travels in different directions with the help of various media in the environment. Therefore, the internal properties of the medium can be recognized by measuring and tracking the information carried by the acoustic field [1][2][3]. In recent years, acoustic sensing technology has been widely used in the analysis of material properties at different scales, such as in geological structure detection [4], resource exploration [5], structural health monitoring [6], and perimeter security [7]. ...
... However, with such fibers the Rayleigh backscattered light is extremely weak and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the optical sensing signal is low, which leads to a poor SNR of the demodulation phase signal in DAS systems based on ϕ-OTDR [10]. In addition, since a laser pulse with a narrow linewidth and high coherence is injected into the fiber, the ∆ϕ = β 1 − n 2 2 (P 12 + 2P 11 ) ∆L (1) where β is the propagation constant of light, n is the refractive index of the optical fiber, P 12 and P 11 are tensor coefficients of the optical fiber, ∆L is the change in fiber length from equation ∆L = ε s L, ε s is the axial strain of the fiber, and L is the length of the fiber. Thus, as shown in Figure 1, as long as the changes in the phase difference between the two points A and B of the probe light can be extracted, the changes in axial strain can be known and the quantitative perception of acoustic waves or vibrations can finally be measured. ...
Specialty fibers have introduced new levels of flexibility and variability in distributed fiber sensing applications. In particular, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems utilized] the unique functions of specialty fibers to achieve performance enhancements in various distributed sensing applications. This paper provides an overview of recent preparations and developments of specialty-fiber-based DAS systems and their sensing applications. The specialty-fiber-based DAS systems are categorized and reviewed based on the differences in scattering enhancement and methods of preparation. The prospects of using specialty fibers for DAS systems are also discussed.
... Conventional PID systems use various techniques that include wireless technologies incorporating acoustic, seismic, infrared, microwave, and ultrasonic sensors for monitoring the intrusion [6,7,8,9]. However, these technique produces unsatisfactory results due to restriction of the sensor's capabilities resulting in high false alarm rates. ...
... Infrared electromagnetic radiation is outside of the visible light spectrum and is emitted by all living beings and surrounding objects which can also be thought as radiated heat. Instead, they are only detecting the reflected heat from objects which are moving in their detracting range [10]. Namely, they also detect changes in the background thermal energy caused by someone moving through the detector field of view and shadowing the energy emanating from the objects in the background. ...
The Internet of Things (IoT) has become an addition of humans. IoT assists in the security work to increase the quality of people life. This paper presents an intruder alert system using IoT-sensing through cloud service network. The proposed intruder alert system is divided into 4 sections, which are (1) intruder monitoring section, (2) communication network, (3) data processing unit and (4) user interface. Each composition works according to its function effectively. The intruder monitoring device was contained Ultrasonic and Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensors to analyze its performance. NETPIE work as graphic user interface (GUI) on cloud server was serviced to act as an intermediary to distribute information to other devices through internet network. Both sensors were evaluated the detection sensing test according to various distances. The obtained results based on individual test were analyzed in terms of percentage form, which showed that the Ultrasonic and PIR sensors show its different responses. The Ultrasonic stables in the distance test of 5–55 cm and after 55 cm distance it reacts unstable for detection. While, the PIR sensor swings in the distance of 5–30 cm and more stable after distance of 35 to 100 cm. Accordance the graph visually, it was found that the both sensors work in the opposite way. Therefore, the results of the experiment were again analyzed by statistical program. The finding presented that the Ultrasonic and PIR sensors accurately detected intruder at 99.94% and 99.56% respectively, with at statistically significant level of 95%.
... That is, when body temperature and ambient temperature are similar, the PIR sensor cannot detect. However, when there is a sudden temperature change such as air turbulence or exhaust from devices, this can create a moving object response which can activate false alarms, which is consistent with G. Yatman [10]. ...
The Internet of Things (IoT) has become part of human life since it has made interconnection among people and things together. IoT impacts a security because affected an individual's well-being. This paper contributes a performance analysis of an intruder detection system based on IoT service network platform. The IoT cycle of intruder monitoring/detection system considered are consists of 4 sections, which are 1) intruder monitoring section, 2) communication network, 3) data processing unit and 4) user interface. Each section has its different role but they work together seamlessly and efficiently. The proposed intruder monitoring device system adopted the Ultrasonic and Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensors. Both were tested the moving detection accuracy performance with various distances in detecting a moving object. The findings were analyzed in terms of percentages. NETPIE-IoT cloud server acts as an intermediary to exchange information with other devices on the internet network. The statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) used for analyzing the experimental results by comparison between the two their performances. The results showed that the Ultrasonic and PIR sensors show different responses based on individual tests. Both intruder sensors have a statistically significant differences in percentages of moving detection accuracy with 99.94 (Std. Deviation = 0.113) and 99.56 (Std. Deviation = 0 .679) respectively. The Ultrasonic sensor was slowly dropped, whilst the PIR sensor was slightly increased according the distance variations.
... In addition, it also provides an indicator or buzzer alarm. The exterior and interior intrusion sensors will be used in an intruder detection system, including of entry control and alarm communication systems, which they are working together [3]. ...
Large scale deployment of smart notification system in a building or an industrial section is accompanied based on Internet of Things (IoT) platform. This article is to present the concept of smart intruder notifying system using NodeMCU-ESP8266 IoT device based on NETPIE cloud service through LINE Bot application. NodeMCU-ESP8266 is actually thing device based on IEEE 802.11b standard. It is microcontroller embedded WiFi module, which it can communicate to the smartphone via internet cloud server service. NETPIE platform is a facility to develop and to exchange information in term of IoT platform, which is linked with LINE Bot application on user's smartphone. Thus, the information is to be sent to users easily, economically and worth for investment.
... S eismic and ground-motion datasets quality (spatial density, accuracy, bandwidth, etc.) determines our ability to characterize crustal media properties distribution, seismic source processes and wave propagation mechanisms. These are mandatory for acute natural hazard assessment 1-3 , for efficient resource exploration 4 , and for structural health monitoring and security 5 . For example, faults are known to display different elastic properties 6 , due to the existence of a damage zone 7 . ...
Natural hazard prediction and efficient crust exploration require dense seismic observations both in time and space. Seismological techniques provide ground-motion data, whose accuracy depends on sensor characteristics and spatial distribution. Here we demonstrate that dynamic strain determination is possible with conventional fibre-optic cables deployed for telecommunication. Extending recently distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) studies, we present high resolution spatially un-aliased broadband strain data. We recorded seismic signals from natural and man-made sources with 4-m spacing along a 15-km-long fibre-optic cable layout on Reykjanes Peninsula, SW-Iceland. We identify with unprecedented resolution structural features such as normal faults and volcanic dykes in the Reykjanes Oblique Rift, allowing us to infer new dynamic fault processes. Conventional seismometer recordings, acquired simultaneously, validate the spectral amplitude DAS response between 0.1 and 100 Hz bandwidth. We suggest that the networks of fibre-optic telecommunication lines worldwide could be used as seismometers opening a new window for Earth hazard assessment and exploration.
... They are widely used to protect residential areas, companies, organizations, museums, military or industrial installations, prisons, or even national borders against intrusion, theft or property damage. There are numerous commercially available alternatives starting from the most commonly used closedcircuit television (CCTV) surveillance systems [1] ending with complex hybrid systems combining various types of sensors to give a more precise and sensitive information about intruders [2][3][4]. ...
Automation in home has been around for many decades with a variety of major appliances introduced to the market. Major household chores have been assisted by labor-saving appliances for refrigeration, cleaning, and cooking. The level of automation in these appliances has been substantially increased since the last century thanks to the advances in microprocessor and sensor technologies; however, we have been looking at the remarkable evolution in home automation in recent years, particularly with the introduction of smart devices and Internet of Things (IoT). This chapter provides an overview of home automation with applications to a variety of household processes and discussion on the technological enablers. Not only major home appliances, but also there are many other smart devices that can interact with home appliances and increase the level of automation significantly in the era of IoT. Therefore, we extend our discussion from automation in home appliances to various smart home devices, including home security, media products, and domestic robots, as well as the fundamental enabling technologies such as smart home hubs and IoT to create a smart home automation network with interconnected devices. Finally, this chapter concludes with the trends and challenges in advancing home automation.KeywordsHome applianceHome automationHome automation networkInternet of ThingsSmart applianceSmart home
Indoor occupancy sensing is a crucial problem in several application fields that have progressed from intrusion detection systems to automatic control of lighting, heating, air conditioning and many other presence-related loads. Continuous wave Doppler radar is a simple technology to face this problem due to its capability to detect human body movements (e.g., walk, run) and small chest wall vibrations associated to the cardiorespiratory activity. This work deals with a radar prototype operating at 2.4 GHz as a real-time occupancy sensor. The emphasis is on data processing approaches devoted to extract useful information from raw radar signal. Three different strategies, designed to detect human presence in indoor environments, are considered and the main goal is the assessment and comparison of their performance against experimental data collected in controlled conditions. The first strategy is based on the analysis of the standard deviation of the radar signal in time-domain; whereas the second one exploits the histogram of the time-varying signal amplitude. Finally, a third strategy based on an energy measure of the received signal Doppler spectrum is considered. The proposed detection algorithms are optimized through a set of calibration measurements and their performances and robustness are assessed by laboratory trials.
