Figure - available from: International Ophthalmology
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EP2 staining, epithelium (arrows) and stroma (asterisk). a. Primary pterygium, b. recurrent pterygium, c. control
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Purpose:
In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of EP receptors in primary and recurrent human pterygium tissues.
Methods:
Pterygium samples were collected from 65 patients with primary pterygium and 16 patients with recurrent pterygium. Normal conjunctival tissues were collected from nasal interpalpebral area from 17 patients...
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Background:
To determine the effect of various factors to the preservation rate of the conjunctival layer borderlines of glaucomatous eyes treated with anti-glaucoma eye drops.
Methods:
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images of the bulbar conjunctiva of 328 eyes were analyzed with and without anti-glaucoma eye drops to qua...
Citations
... Pterygium is a common disease of the anterior eye in which fibrovascular tissue grows abnormally on the clear cornea which ranges widely from 2.8 to 33.0% [1][2][3]. The most common known predisposing factors are exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (i.e., 400-290 nm) and low concentrations of moisture [4,5]. ...
PurposeTo compare parameters of systemic inflammation and serum lipid levels in patients with pterygium versus healthy individuals.Methods
Thirty-five patients with pterygium and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled as two respective groups in a retrospective study. The participants’ complete blood count (CBC) parameters and levels of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) were obtained from digital records and compared. Their neutrophil/lymphocyte, platelet/lymphocyte, and monocyte/HDL ratios were calculated and compared as well. As secondary outcomes, longitudinal length (LL), basal length (BL), and total area (TA) of pterygium among the patients were quantitatively measured by using ImageJ software. Correlations between serum parameters and pterygium measurements were analyzed.ResultsAlthough between-group differences in CBC parameters and the ratios were not statistically significant, HDL levels were significantly lower (p = 0.014) and TG levels significantly higher (p = 0.031) among patients with pterygium than among the controls. A positive correlation was detected between the patient’s age and the pterygium’s BL (p = 0.002, r = 0.516), LL (p = 0.00, r = 0.547), and TA (p = 0.00, r = 0.515). Neutrophil levels negatively correlated with LL (p = 0.025, β = − 0.308) and TA (p = 0.002, β = − 0.420).Conclusion
Local instead of systemic inflammation should be considered in the management of pterygium. Besides, decreased HDL levels may indicate systemic oxidative stress in patients with the condition.
... The EP2 protein is expressed in the human small intestine, lung, media of arteries and arterioles of the kidney, thymus, uterus and cerebral cortex (26). In addition, its mRNA is widely expressed in fibroblasts, aorta, the corpus cavernosum of the penis and articular cartilage, among others (27)(28)(29) (Fig. 3). In rats, EP2 receptor protein and/or mRNA have been detected in the lung, spleen, intestine, skin, kidney, liver, long bones, and rather extensively throughout the brain and other parts of the central nervous system (30). ...
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor 2 subtype (EP2), which is a metabolite of arachidonic acid that binds with and regulates cellular responses to PGE2, is associated with numerous physiological and pathological events in a wide range of tissues. As a stimulatory G protein‑coupled receptor, PGE2‑induced EP2 activation can activate adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cytoplasmic cAMP levels and activation of protein kinase A. The EP2 receptor can also activate the glycogen synthase kinase 3β and β‑catenin pathways. The present study aimed to review the roles of the EP2 receptor in tumor development, including immunity, chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, metastasis and multidrug resistance. Furthermore, the involvement of the EP2 receptor signaling pathway in cancer was discussed. Understanding the role and mechanisms of action of the EP2 receptor, and its importance in targeted therapy, may help identify novel methods to improve management of numerous types of cancer.
... Previously it has been shown that PGE2 and its receptors found in conjunctival epithelium contribute to regulation of ocular surface inflammation. In addition, there are some recent data about the role of PGE2 and its receptors in formation and recurrence of pterygium [13]. ...
