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Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy and, although the development of novel agents has improved survival of patients, to date, it remains incurable. Thus, newer and more effective therapeutic strategies against this malignancy are necessary. Plant extracts play an important role in anti-tumor drug discovery. For th...
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Medicinal plants identified as a part of the evolution of human healthcare for thousands of years. India is known for its rich diversity of medicinal plants. The phytochemical constituents, natural bioactive compounds, nutrients and fibers present in medicinal plants, fruits and vegetables which are defend us from various ailments. Morinda citrifol...
Citations
... For patients with this cancer, treatment outcomes still remain suboptimal, as many develop resistance and succumb to the disease [6]. These challenges underscore the urgency of exploring new therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance [7]. In addition to drug resistance, research on the involvement of infections and bacteria in cancer has gained considerable momentum in recent years. ...
Background
Artemisia campestris L. (AC) leaves are widely recognized for their importance in traditional medicine. Despite the considerable amount of research conducted on this plant overworld, the chemical composition and the biological activity of the leaves grown in Tunisia remains poorly investigated. In this study of AC, a successive extraction method was employed (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) to investigate its bioactive constituents by LC-MS analysis, and their antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities.
Results
Data analysis revealed diverse compound profiles in AC extracts. Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited higher polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities, while Hexane showed superior phytosterol extraction. Ethyl acetate extract displayed potent antibacterial activity against multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, all extracts demonstrated, for the first time, robust antifungal efficacy against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Cytotoxicity assays revealed the significant impact of methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts on metastatic breast cancer and multiple myeloma, examined for the first time in our study. Moreover, further analysis on multiple myeloma cells highlighted that the ethyl acetate extract induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death and resulted in an S phase cell cycle blockage, underscoring its therapeutic potential.
Conclusions
This investigation uncovers novel findings in Tunisian AC, notably the identification of lupeol, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. The study sheds light on the promising role of AC extracts in therapeutic interventions and underscores the need for continued research to harness its full potential in medicine and pharmaceutical development.
... For patients with this cancer, treatment outcomes still remain suboptimal, as many develop resistance and succumb to the disease [6]. These challenges underscore the urgency of exploring new therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance [7]. In addition to drug resistance, research on the involvement of infections and bacteria in cancer has gained considerable momentum in recent years. ...
Background
Artemisia campestris L. (AC) leaves are widely recognized for their importance in traditional medicine. Despite the considerable amount of research conducted on this plant overworld, the chemical composition and the biological activity of the leaves grown in Tunisia remains poorly investigated. In this study of AC, various solvent-based extraction methods were employed (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) to investigate its bioactive constituents by LC-MS analysis, and their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer activities.
Results
Data analysis revealed diverse compound profiles in AC extracts. Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited higher polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities, while Hexane showed superior phytosterol extraction. Ethyl acetate extract displayed potent antimicrobial activity against multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, all extracts demonstrated, for the first time, robust antifungal efficacy against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Cytotoxicity assays revealed the significant impact of methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts on metastatic breast cancer and multiple myeloma, examined for the first time in our study. Moreover, further analysis on multiple myeloma cells highlighted that the ethyl acetate extract induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death and resulted in an S phase cell cycle blockage, underscoring its therapeutic potential.
Conclusions
This investigation uncovers novel findings in AC, notably the identification of lupeol, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol, previously unreported. The study sheds light on the promising role of AC extracts in therapeutic interventions and underscores the need for continued research to harness its full potential in medicine and pharmaceutical development.
... The total polyphenolic content (TPC) was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method [88]. The TPC of the extracts was expressed as milligrams of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of fresh weight ± s.e. ...
This study evaluates the effect of a chemical fertilizer (ammonium nitrate), a compost (vermicompost from cattle manure) and two biochars (from vine prunings and wood chips, respectively), applied to the soil alone or in mixture, on the yield, phytochemical content and biological activity of Beta vulgaris L. var. cycla (Swiss chard). The respective treatments, each replicated four times, were arranged according to a completely randomized block design. Results showed that vermicompost, both alone and in mixture with vine pruning biochar, significantly increased yield parameters (plant height and leaf area) and yield over the untreated soil and the biochars alone, similar to ammonium nitrate. Moreover, vermicompost, both alone and in mixture, respectively, with the two biochars, determined lower total N and NO3− contents than ammonium nitrate, both alone and in mixture, respectively, with the two biochars. In particular, NO3− content was within the safe thresholds fixed for leafy vegetables by the European Commission to prevent any adverse implication on human health from dietary NO3− exposure. The biochars alone resulted in very low yield and leaf total N content, likely due to a limited release of N for plant uptake, also evidenced by the undetectable NO3− leaf content, similarly shown by plants grown in untreated soil. Vermicompost, alone or in mixture, respectively, with the two biochars, increased the content of specialized metabolites, with a positive effect on antioxidant activity. The organic amendments, particularly compost, could be an alternative to chemical fertilizers to reach a trade-off between yield, nutritional and health qualities in Swiss chard, meeting the needs of farmers and consumers as well as the targets for sustainable food production.
... Edible plants contain a number of phytochemicals with the potential for preventing and treating a wide range of disorders, including cancer (Lamorte et al. 2018). The role of polyphenols in reducing cancer is still under discussion. ...
Over the years, the attention towards the role of phytochemicals in dietary natural products in reducing the risk of developing cancer is rising. Cancer is the second primary cause of mortality worldwide. The current therapeutic options for cancer treatment are surgical excision, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Unfortunately, in case of metastases or chemoresistance, the treatment options become very limited. Despite the advances in medical and pharmaceutical sciences, the impact of available treatments on survival is not satisfactory. Recently, natural products are a great deal of interest as potential anti-cancer agents. Among them, phenolic compounds have gained a great deal of interest, thanks to their anti-cancer activity. The present review focuses on the suppression of cancer by targeting BRCA gene expression using dietary polyphenols, as well as the clinical aspects of polyphenolic agents in cancer therapy. They regulate specific key processes involved in cancer progression and modulate the expression of oncogenic proteins, like p27, p21, and p53, which may lead to apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of cell proliferation, and, consequently, cancer suppression. Thus, one of the mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer activity of phenolics involves the regulation of tumor suppressor genes. Among them, the BRCA genes, with the two forms ( BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 ), play a pivotal role in cancer protection and prevention. BRCA germline mutations are associated with an increased risk of developing several types of cancers, including ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers. BRCA genes also play a key role in the sensitivity and response of cancer cells to specific pharmacological treatments. As the importance of BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 in reducing cancer invasiveness, repairing DNA damages, oncosoppression, and cell cycle checkpoint, their regulation by natural molecules has been examined.
... In recent years, research has focused on the discovery of new plant extract metabolites that act as antitumor agents in various cancers, including hematological cancers [461]. Plant extracts target different signaling pathways in cancer cells, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis [462], acting through synergistic and/or additive effects [463][464][465]. ...
Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most widespread hematological cancers. It is characterized by a clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow and by the overproduction of monoclonal proteins. In recent years, the survival rate of patients with multiple myeloma has increased significantly due to the use of transplanted stem cells and of the new therapeutic agents that have significantly increased the survival rate, but it still cannot be completely cured and therefore the development of new therapeutic products is needed. Moreover, many patients have various side effects and face the development of drug resistance to current therapies. The purpose of this review is to highlight the bioactive active compounds (flavonoids) and herbal extracts which target dysregulated signaling pathway in MM, assessed by in vitro and in vivo experiments or clinical studies, in order to explore their healing potential targeting multiple myeloma. Mechanistically, they demonstrated the ability to promote cell cycle blockage and apoptosis or autophagy in cancer cells, as well as inhibition of proliferation/migration/tumor progression, inhibition of angiogenesis in the tumor vascular network. Current research provides valuable new information about the ability of flavonoids to enhance the apoptotic effects of antineoplastic drugs, thus providing viable therapeutic options based on combining conventional and non-conventional therapies in MM therapeutic protocols.
... Total polyphenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method. 24 An aliquot of extract (75 μL) was mixed with 500 μL Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and 500 μL Na 2 CO 3 solution (10X) and water was added to reach a final volume of 1.5 mL. After 1 h incubation in the dark at room temperature, the absorbance of the mixture was read at 723 nm. ...
Recent EU directives have encouraged member states to follow circular economy guidelines on waste reuse, especially for waste originating from wood agro-forest biomass. Delineating the antioxidant and chemical activity of biomass is a starting point to find new ways to utilize such materials. Here, an 8-year-old apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) tree stand located in southern Italy was evaluated. First, dendrometric parameters (total volume, diameter, and height of trunk below the branches) and physical-mechanical properties (density, total, tangential and radial shrinkage, moisture content, and compression strength) of timber collected from five experimental plots was evaluated. Bark and wood from apricot pruning were then subjected to different extraction techniques, in vitro antioxidant assays, and gas chromatographic studies to determine their antioxidant activity and their phytochemical composition. Bark had the highest antioxidant activity compared to wood. Several antioxidant compounds (e.g., scopoletin and naringenin) were detected in the samples, explaining the measured antioxidant activity. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of using apricot extracts in nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and industrial fields.
... Total polyphenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method. 24 An aliquot of extract (75 μL) was mixed with 500 μL Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and 500 μL Na 2 CO 3 solution (10X) and water was added to reach a final volume of 1.5 mL. After 1 h incubation in the dark at room temperature, the absorbance of the mixture was read at 723 nm. ...
Recent EU directives have encouraged member states to follow circular economy guidelines on waste reuse, especially for waste originating from wood agro‐forest biomass. Delineating the antioxidant and chemical activity of biomass is a starting point to find new ways to utilize such materials. Here, an 8‐year‐old apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) tree stand located in southern Italy was evaluated. First, dendrometric parameters (total volume, diameter, and height of trunk below the branches) and physical‐mechanical properties (density, total, tangential and radial shrinkage, moisture content, and compression strength) of timber collected from five experimental plots was evaluated. Bark and wood from apricot pruning were then subjected to different extraction techniques, in vitro antioxidant assays, and gas chromatographic studies to determine their antioxidant activity and their phytochemical composition. Bark had the highest antioxidant activity compared to wood. Several antioxidant compounds (e.g., scopoletin and naringenin) were detected in the samples, explaining the measured antioxidant activity. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of using apricot extracts in nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and industrial fields. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
... Despite significant progress in the treatment of relapsed myeloma patients, there is still work to be done since most patients eventually die [2]. All of these limitations support the need to explore new therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance [3]. Worldwide, there are at least 50,000 plant species used for medicinal effect [4] against various diseases, including cancer [5][6][7]. ...
... In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in biomolecules in cancer research [8,9]. Plant extracts may be used to increase therapeutic efficacy by sensitizing malignant cells to drugs such as hematologic malignancies [1,3,5,10]. ...
Echium arenarium Guss is a Mediterranean plant traditionally used in healing skin wound and it was reported exhibiting potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiparasitic activities. However, antitumoral activities of this plant have not yet been explored. Here we investigated for the first time, root (EARE) and aerial part (EAAPE) extracts of E. arenarium Guss to examine cytotoxicity and apoptosis activation pathway on U266 human multiple myeloma (MM) cell line. We demonstrated that EARE and EAAPE decreased U266 cell viability in a dose dependent manner. Based on 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, EARE was significantly two times more efficient (IC50 value 41 μg/ml) than EAAPE (IC50 value 82 μg/ml) considering 48 h of treatment. Furthermore, after 24 h of exposure to 100 μg/ml of EARE or EAAPE, cell cycle showed remarkable increase in sub‐G1 population and a decrease of U266 cells proportion in G1 phase. In addition, EARE increased cell percentage in S phase. Moreover, analysis revealed that EAAPE or EARE induced apoptosis of U266 cells after 24 h of treatment. Interestingly, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspase 3/7 were demonstrated in treated U266 cells. Phytochemical analysis of E. arenarium extracts showed that EARE exhibited the highest content of total phenolic content. Interestingly, six phenolic compounds were identified. Myricitrin was the major compound in EARE, followed by luteolin 7‐O‐glucoside, resorcinol, polydatin, Trans‐hydroxycinnamic acid, and hyperoside. These findings proved that an intrinsic mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis pathway probably mediated the apoptotic effects of E. arenarium Guss extracts on U266 cells, and this will suggest several action plans to treat MM.
... To identify compounds in IV and VI sub-fractions, we performed the LC-MS/MS analysis in negative mode. We identified 5 more abundant picks (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) in IV sub-fraction and 7 (1-7) in VI sub-fraction ( Figure 8). Due to the absence of literature studies to our knowledge and to the lack of available commercial standards, all compounds were tentatively identified (Tables 4 and 5) through accurate masses and possible fragmentation patterns. ...
... Due to the absence of literature studies to our knowledge and to the lack of available commercial standards, all compounds were tentatively identified (Tables 4 and 5) through accurate masses and possible fragmentation patterns. Mulin-12-en-11, 14-dion-20-oic acid [26] The compounds with m/z 333.20 ((1) and (2) in IV sub-fraction and 6 in VI sub-fraction) were tentatively identified as mulinic acid or 14α-hydroxymulin-12-en-11-one-20-oic acid or isomers (C 20 H 30 O 4 ). Upon fragmentation by collision-induced dissociation (CID), these compounds produced the ions at m/z 289, 287, 271, 253, 229, 135, 113, 95, 87, 83, 69, 57. ...
... Most studies reported the extraction of bioactive compounds from aerial part (i.e., stem, leaves and flowers) of plants, including for that belonging to the Apiaceae family as Azorella glabra (AG) [2,[8][9][10]. In addition, in this work, AG samples were extracted from the aerial parts of plant by dynamic maceration with 96% ethanol; then, the ethanol extract was separated by liquid/liquid extraction using solvent with increasing polarity obtaining six fractions, including the chloroform one (AG CHCl 3 ) [2]. ...
Azorella glabra Wedd. (AG) is traditionally used to treat gonorrhea or kidney’s problems. The antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticholinesterase and in vitro antitumor activities of AG extracts were recently reported. The aim of this work was to investigate anti-leukemic properties of AG chloroform fraction (AG CHCl3) and of its ten sub-fractions (I-X) and to identify their possible bioactive compounds. We determined their in vitro antioxidant activity using 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (SO) assays, and their phytochemical profile by spectrophotometric and LC-MS/MS techniques. I-X action on two acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines viability, apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated by MTS, western blotting and cytofluorimetric assays. Different polyphenol, flavonoid and terpenoid amount, and antioxidant activity were found among all samples. Most of I-X induced a dose/time dependent reduction of cell viability higher than parent extract. IV and VI sub-fractions showed highest cytotoxic activity and, of note, a negligible reduction of healthy cell viability. They activated intrinsic apoptotic pathway, induced a G0/G1 block in leukemic cells and, interestingly, led to apoptosis in patient AML cells. These activities could be due to mulinic acid or azorellane terpenoids and their derivatives, tentatively identified in both IV and VI. In conclusion, our data suggest AG plant as a source of potential anti-AML agents.
... The contribution of applied green chemistry is based on the transfer of basic improvement from main stream researches [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] to production processes in primary sector. ...
Green Chemistry, Circular Economy and Sustainability are issues at the center of the modern scientific debate and three major trends in the global market. These three subjects are interconnected and interdependent and represent an affordable set of principles bringing innovations in the management of complex processes connected with anthropic use of resources. Today’s world population requires more natural resources be consumed than in previous decades, thus contributing to making primary resources increasingly scarce and with limited access. Furthermore, an issue that persisted over time to become unsustainable is the waste emergency. It is also linked to the low capacity of operators to recover and re-use scraps of the production processes losing production values and generating environmental pressure. Companies, whose growth is crucial for the economic system, generate waste in all stages of the production processes; although there is an increasing attention and awareness on the issue of waste, we are still in the early stages of the process that will lead SMEs to zero waste production. If we recognize such attribute as a competitive factor, we can identify in advance a critical innovation demand generated by SMEs operating in low competitive areas which has to be supported with technological transfer inn order to result “green” and effective in the short/medium term. This paper presents data and defines there critical innovations domain in order to deliver an effective and scalable innovation transfer concerning circular economy thorough the application of green chemistry principles exploiting territorial factors in order to deliver sustainable local production chains.
