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Dystonia while counting money
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... Another form of task-specific focal dystonia is musician's cramps where the limb is affected by the involuntary movements while playing the musical instrument. This movement might lead to a severe state of being impaired and might be the reason for the loss of functionality and profession [63]. ...
Dystonia is the third leading movement disorder arising mainly from the damage of basal ganglia or other parts of the brain that control movements. The objective of this review is to represent the detailed profile of dystonia. A computerized literature review was conducted in authentic scientific databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and National Institutes of Health (NIH) etc. Terms searched included dystonia, risk factors, etiologies, clinical features, classification, pathology, guidelines, treatment strategies, primary and secondary dystonia. Initially, 97 articles and 9 books were extracted but finally, 64 articles and 7 books were used. After analysis, we found that causes of dystonia could be acquired or inherited and dystonia can be classified based on age at onset, etiology, and distribution of the affected body parts. The risk factors of this heterogeneous disorder could be trauma, thyroid disorder, hypertension, life habits, occupation, use of drugs and genetics. A significant number of articles were found which signify the ability of brainstem and cerebellar pathology to trigger the symptoms of dystonia. Since antipsychotic drugs are the most commonly prescribed among the people with intellectual disability (ID), therefore they possess a greater risk to experience antipsychotic drugs-induced movement side effects including acute dystonia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, and akathisia. Depending on various manifestations and causes, there are several treatment options including oral medications, intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin, neurosurgical procedures and occupational therapy.
Task-specific focal dystonia in musicians Task-specific focal dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary contractions during a specific activity. In musicians, the abnormal movement can occur while playing an instrument or while singing. The muscle contractions are usually painless, but the function of the affected region is disturbed. The clinical picture occurs more in men than in women and is most frequent in pianists or guitarists. The abnormality is usually localized in the fingers, the hands or the entire arm. Drummers can have problems in the lower limbs. Brass and woodwind players can lose control of the lips, tongue or facial muscles. This is called “embouchure dystonia”. Singers suffer from the larynx. The diagnosis is a clinical diagnosis. It is important to observe the musician making music. Outside the musical activity, all tests are normal. Technical examinations can be useful to rule out other diagnoses. The therapy is difficult and often unsatisfactory. In many cases, the disease predicts the end of the musical career.
Der historische Terminus Beschäftigungskrampf, auch allgemein besser bekannt als Schreibkrampf, wird heute durch vertiefte neurologische Kenntnisse zu Ursachen der Entstehung besser als tätigkeitsbezogene primäre fokale Dystonie bezeichnet. Dieses Krankheitsbild ist in der Arbeitsmedizin nicht sehr bekannt, da es relativ selten auftritt. Im Fachgebiet Musikermedizin hat es jedoch eine größere Bedeutung. Es wird ein Bogen von den ersten Erwähnungen bis in die Gegenwart gespannt, sensible Tätigkeiten werden beschrieben und Parallelen zu heutigen Arbeitsanforderungen aufgezeigt. Dabei wird auch auf die Entwicklung des Verständnisses zum Pathomechanismus eingegangen. Einzelne Fälle von tätigkeitsbezogener primärer fokaler Dystonie haben deutliche persönliche, soziale Auswirkungen.
