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Dysaphis inulae sp. n.: A = antennal segment III, B = antennal segments IV & V, C = antennal segment VI, D = apical segment of rostrum, E = siphunculi, F = hind tarsus, second segment.
Source publication
Apterous viviparous female of Dysaphis inulae sp. n. living on Inula britanica and D. lappae cynarae (Theobald) living on Silybum marianum is described and newly recorded from Iran, respectively. The latter aphid species is redescribed and an identification key for the species of Dysaphis Boerner on
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Citations
... Dysaphis (Dysaphis) foeniculus (Theobald, 1923) First record from Iran: Eastop & Hodjat (1980). (Rezwani, 2008)* First record from Iran: Rezwani (2008). ...
... Dysaphis (Dysaphis) foeniculus (Theobald, 1923) First record from Iran: Eastop & Hodjat (1980). (Rezwani, 2008)* First record from Iran: Rezwani (2008). ...
... In Egypt [1] observed serious damages due to depreciation of seeds-head by weevil larvae Larinus latus Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In Greece Kavallieratos [22] et al. (2007) described the plant damage caused by aphids Dysaphis lappae cynarae and in Iran [18] by Aphis fabae sp. cirsiiacanthoidis Scop. ...
Milk thistle is grown in the Czech Republic as a medicinal herb; silymarin is isolated from its achenes and used for the production of liver and gallbladder medicine. The quality and content of the active compound is influenced not only by environmental factors, but also by pests and pathogens. The occurrence of pests of milk thistle variety ´Silyb´ was observed in two localities during the years 2011–2013. In the year 2011 the mycoflora of seeds of four milk thistle varieties was determined. Representatives of 15 species were isolated from the seeds, most of them saprophytic. 21 fungal species were isolated and identified from milk thistle plants during the vegetation; Septoria silybi among the most important ones. Possibilities of protection of milt thistle against pathogens are discussed.
... Puccinia punctiformis, Microbotryum silybum and Septoria silybi have been reported as pathogens of milk thistle (Moscow and Lindow, 1989;Berner et al., 2002;Souissi et al., 2005). Furthermore, milk thistle is susceptible to the insects Terellia fuscicornis, Larinus latus, Cleonus piger, Nezara viridula, Dysaphis lappae cynarae and Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis (Clarke and Walter, 1993;Abdel-Moniem, 2002, Andrzejewska et al., 2006Kavallieratos et al., 2007;Rezwani, 2008;Sayar et al., 2009). Andrzejewska et al. (2006) observed that the infestation and density of Cleonus piger larvae in roots of plants grown in monoculture increased with subsequent developmental phases and subsequent years of the experiment. ...
Milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.] is an important medicinal-industrial plant. The medicinal compounds of milk thistle are derived from its seeds. The plant is commercially cultivated for the production of silymarin. Cultivation offers the opportunity to optimise achene yield and silymarin content. Furthermore, efforts should be made to develop new cultivars. The main objective of milk thistle breeding is to develop high yielding cultivars with elevated silymarin content. There are few developed cultivars of milk thistle (e.g. Argintiu, Budakalaszi, Szibilla, Khoreslo, Babak Castle, Mirel, Silma and Silyb). Different genotypes of milk thistle have variable amount of silymarin e.g. a ‘Royston’ genotype is rich in silymarin (6-10%). Further progress can be made by using the genetic diversity available in abundance in different genotypes. The main concern of the breeder should be to increase the yield and silymarin contents of the seeds. Asynchronous flowering and seed shedding are also major problems in milk thistle cultivation. At the time of harvest, the plants have flower heads at all stages of development resulting in non-uniform maturation of seeds. Therefore, a breeding effort in milk thistle should be planned to obtain plants with simultaneous flowering and reduced crop losses. The developed cultivar Argintiu is characterised by simultaneous seed maturation in flower heads. The wild populations, as valuable gene pools, could be exploited for the improvement of milk thistle crop.
... Also, the larvae of the seed weevil are very destructive and one larva can destroy all the seed in a flower head of 2–3 cm diameter. In Iran and Greece, aphids (Dysaphis lappae cynarae and Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis) have also been reported as pests of milk thistle (Kavallieratos et al., 2007;Rezwani, 2008). ...
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) is the most researched plant for the treatment of liver disease. Its therapeutic properties are due to the presence of silymarin, a mixture of three flavonolignans (silybin, silydianin and silycristin). The seeds contain the highest amount of silymarin, but the whole plant is used medicinally. Milk thistle is grown successfully on a range of soil types, from sandy soils to much heavier clay soils. Milk thistle is directly seeded in soils. Sowing occurs in autumn and spring, and row spacing is usually 40–75cm, with 20–30cm between plants in the row. Nutrient requirements of this crop are low to moderate since it is adapted to poor quality soils and many different growing conditions. A limiting factor in milk thistle production is weed interference. Pendimethalin and metribuzin herbicides are safe for weed control in milk thistle, both alone and in combination. Milk thistle is considered drought resistant and normal rainfall will often suffice. In a Mediterranean environment, under severe drought conditions, the crops should be irrigated during seed growth and filling. Moreover, a few varieties of milk thistle have been developed. The silymarin content most often ranges from 1.0% to 3.0% of achene dry matter but can exceed 8%. Efforts should be made to develop varieties with high silymarin content.
This datasheet on Dysaphis lappae cynarae covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
In this 7th report of the Project Entomofauna of Turkey, totally 1720 species and 490 genera
recorded in Turkey are listed, with their synonyms. Provincial codes, if known, are added to
the species. An attempt on evaluating of some dipterists are made for the first time. A
selected bibliography are also given.
