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Environmental problems due to the textile industry are mainly associated with the need for large amounts of fresh water and discharging highly polluted wastewater. This wastewater contains several types of pollutants, such as dispersants, leveling agents, salts, carriers, acids, alkali, and various dyes. The wastewater quality is variable and depen...
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... Verma and Mishra [53] adsorbed dyes (crystal violet, direct orange, and magenta) using rice husk charcoal. Activated carbon from poplar wood was synthesized and adsorption of Acid Red 18 was evalu- ated using various process parameters such as adsor- bent dosage, contact time, and pH by Shokoohi et al. [54] Orthophosphoricacid-activated babul seed carbon was used as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue by Sujatha et al. [55] Table 3 lists the raw materials for charcoal prepara- tion, activation agent, adsorbate type (acid, basic, direct, and reactive dyes) and name, maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent and related studies for dye removal. Charcoal prepared from various raw materials such as wood, natural material, agro-waste, peat, husk, sludge, some semi-synthetic materials are also included for comparison. ...
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Citations
... In the biosorption process several biological products or biomass knock down the concentration of pollutants from the wastewater and reduces the concentration of heavy metals in the wastewater through metabolically mediated or physicochemical pathways of uptake [17]. In last few years, the microbial and plants resources are used potential bioadsorbent for faster heavy metals removal capacity from wastewater, cheaper production of biomass, can extract different heavy metals at a single time and can remove large volume of water pollutants [18,19]. Hence reduces water toxicity more effectively as compared to conventional sewage treatment plants and commercialized treatments. ...
In the current scenario, the contamination of aquatic bodies is global issue due to the presence of wide range of toxic contaminants such as; pathogenic microbes, pharmaceuticals, organic contaminants, pesticides and heavy metals. If not treated properly, these contaminants impose a deleterious impact on human health and the environment. Nano-biochar synthesis from waste agricultural biomass having activated nanoparticles may be employed to entrap and adsorb the contaminants such as heavy metals and remove the pathogenic microbes. Therefore, in this study, the synthesis of nano-char from pineapple peels and subsequent integration with charcoal and chicken feather as layer-by layer deposition system at different ratios. The contaminated water sample filtered was treated through the fabricated filter and treated water collected at different intervals to determine their purification efficiency such as TDS, Conductivity, pH, bacterial count and heavy metal concentration. Results revealed that the nano-composite biofilter consisting of agro-waste, charcoal and chicken feather (4%) possessed high adsorption capacity of heavy metals, prolonged anti-microbial activity. Additionally, the nano-composite biofilter was capable of significantly reducing the TDS, pH and conductivity upto 27.3mg/l, 7.11 and 53μS/m respectively in the treated water. Thus, the nano composite bio-filter may be employed as cost-effective materials for the treatment of waste water at small scale to large scale water treatment plants with simultaneous recycling of the agro-waste to reduce the environmental pollution.
... [10,11] Unlike traditional methods, adsorption offers several advantages, such as high efficiency in removing a wide range of dye molecules, including those resistant to other treatment methods. [12,13] Moreover, adsorption processes are rela-55 tively simple, requiring minimal energy and chemicals, [14] thus reducing operational costs and environmental impact. Besides, adsorbents can be regenerated and reused multiple times, enhancing the sustainability of the treatment process. ...
Chitosan is a good adsorbent but has poor effectiveness against some dyes. Therefore, in this study, we synthesized composite materials of prepared crab shell chitosan with ZnO and PVA to improve adsorption efficiency. The ZnO/CTS and ZnO/PVA/CTS composites were synthesized by dissolving the components into a solution with the help of ultrasound and hydrothermally neutralizing it for 3 h. The obtained composites and crab shell chitosan were characterized by methods such as GPC, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Adsorption experiments were conducted in batch form and only sampled once under each condition. The results showed the molecular weight of crab shell chitosan is around 10^5 g/mol and quite homogenous in size, and the embedded nanorod-like ZnO in the composite is around 200 nm in sizes. The adsorption of the dyes Indigo Carmine (IC), Alizarin Yellow (AY), and Thymol Blue (TB) onto the composites was highest compared to the single adsorbent and ranked in descending order: ZnO/CTS+AY > ZnO/PVA/CTS+IC > ZnO/CTS+IC > ZnO/PVA/CTS+AY > ZnO/CTS+TB > ZnO/PVA/CTS+TB, which corresponds to qmax of 285.7 mg/g, 227.3 mg/g, 208.3 mg/g, 188.7 mg/g, 60.6 mg/g, and 50.3 mg/g, respectively. In addition, the adsorption kinetics of all cases followed the pseudo-second-order adsorption model, it implies that the rate of adsorption is proportional to the square of the number of unoccupied sites.
... Activated charcoal is one of the most widely used sorbents in water purification processes [15]. Although this sorbent is a biomass material with high sorption efficiency, its high cost constitutes an obstacle in many countries [16]. This justifies the scientific search for alternative materials, such as clay minerals, silica-based sorbents, zeolite-based sorbents, agricultural and forestry waste, hydrogels, membranes, and so forth, for treating water contaminated with PTEs in developing countries [17]. ...
Anthropogenic activities can lead to high contents of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil and water. Thus, there is a worldwide need to find effective, environmentally friendly sorbents for remediating sites polluted with metals. In this study, we investigated how pectin/magnetite/pine sawdust (PE/Fe 3 O 4 /P) membranes serve as sorbents for the removal of Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) from aqueous media containing multiple metals. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the efficient formation of crosslinked membrane chains during the synthesis of the biomass material. Thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative ther-mogravimetric (DTG) curves revealed that the biopolymer matrix remains stable at low temperatures and begins to degrade at temperatures above 260 • C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) demonstrated changes in the morphology of the biomembrane. Among the six PTEs tested, the PE/Fe 3 O 4 /P5% membrane had the highest sorption capacity for Cu(II) (~43 mg g − 1). The metal/ membrane interaction was confirmed by FTIR, TG, DTG, SEM, and EDS after the sorption assays. The findings of this work indicate that green sorbents constitute a promising strategy for the remediation of aquatic environments contaminated with PTEs.
... Aerogels have successfully been employed to remove a variety of pollutants, including chemical active agents, dyes, oils and solvents, heavy metals, and radioactive elements [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Even minute amounts of these chemical compounds in water and air pose a serious threat to all living organisms and environment [6]. ...
... Aerogels have successfully been employed to remove a variety of pollutants, including chemical active agents, dyes, oils and solvents, heavy metals, and radioactive elements [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Even minute amounts of these chemical compounds in water and air pose a serious threat to all living organisms and environment [6]. Although several varieties of aerogels have been proposed for air and water treatment, which are comprised of cellulose, chitosan, graphene oxide, etc., silica is most often used [11][12][13][14]. ...
Aerogels have emerged as a promising material for various industrial applications due to their unique properties such as high surface area, low density, and excellent thermal insulation. In the oil and gas industry, aerogels are gaining attention as a potential solution to address various challenges, including thermal insulation of pipelines and equipment, adsorption of oil spills, and separation of gas mixtures. This chapter provides an overview of the recent advances in the use of aerogels in the oil and gas industry, including their synthesis, properties, and potential applications, fo-cusing majorly on waste remediation and drilling fluids. This chapter will also discuss the challenges and opportunities of using aerogels in the oil and gas sector, highlighting the potential benefits and drawbacks of aerogel-based materials, especially in field-relevant conditions. Furthermore, the work also explores some of the recent developments in the field of aerogel research, including the use of novel precursors, surface modifications, and hybrid materials for use in high pressure/high temperature conditions. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of the prospects of aerogels in the oil and gas industry, focusing majorly on thermal insulation for subsea flow-lines and subsurface gas storage, highlighting the potential for further research and development to unlock the full potential of this exciting material.
... This can lead to allergic skin reactions, kidney failure, or even cancerous diseases. A significant source of continuous, direct pollution input into aquatic systems that has long-term, substantial effects on ecosystem function is industrial wastewater [4]. The purpose of this study is to assess the possibility of contamination of industrial effluents from six companies at wastewater dumping sites in Bangladesh's Gazipur, Narayanganj, and Dhaka. ...
Pharmaceutical, alloy tech, and textile assorted productions effectively contribute to Bangladesh's domestic economy, where the regular treatment of pollutants from effluent wastewater is a basic demand to assure a good life and environmental sustainability. The concentration of the physicochemical analysis of wastewater emitted by industry is the goal of this current research. The samples were immediately allowed into the laboratory and characterized for pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5), dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS). The research findings indicate that the pH, BOD 5 , COD, DO, TSS, and TDS concentrations ranged from 6.8 to 8.57, 28.2-420 mg/L, 102-1238 mg/L, 1.15-5.5 mg/L, 78-306 mg/L, and 1188-3927 mg/L, in that order. Wastewater's pH levels before and after treatment were determined to be within the permissible range for the environment, however, the levels of BOD 5 , COD, DO, TSS, and TDS before treatment were much higher. The improvement of freshwater's characteristics indicates that it can be harmful to the aquatic chemistry nearby. This endeavor will create an effort for pharmaceuticals, alloy tech, and textile wastewater to be discharged with the standard allowable environmental quality through proper and accountable effluent analysis.
... For this, an interdisciplinary approach from semiconductor photocatalysis, environmental chemistry, green chemistry, materials chemistry, etc. is necessary [12,13]. Additionally, several techniques have been used to treat inorganic ions using readily available, inexpensive materials as adsorbents, such as activated carbon, coconut shell charcoal, bone charcoal, fire clay, and some natural zeolites [14,15,16]. However, these techniques are very specialized in nature. ...
Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano technology book series aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano technology. The field of advanced and applied Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano technology has not only helped the development in various fields in Science and Technology but also contributes the improvement of the quality of human life to a great extent. The focus of the book would be on state-of-the-art technologies and advances in Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano technology and to provides a remarkable opportunity for the academic, research and industrial communities to address new challenges and share solutions.
... In the biosorption process several biological products or biomass knock down the concentration of pollutants from the wastewater and reduces the concentration of heavy metals in the wastewater through metabolically mediated or physicochemical pathways of uptake [17]. In last few years, the microbial and plants resources are used potential bioadsorbent for faster heavy metals removal capacity from wastewater, cheaper production of biomass, can extract different heavy metals at a single time and can remove large volume of water pollutants [18,19]. Hence reduces water toxicity more effectively as compared to conventional sewage treatment plants and commercialized treatments. ...
... The indiscriminate discharge of industrial effluents without proper treatment poses a grave threat to environmental safety. Among all industrial sectors, the textile industries generate the most polluting wastewater in terms of effluent discharged volume and composition (Patel, 2018). The wastewater released from textile industries contributes towards the increase of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Suspended Solids (SS), Dissolved solids, colour, heat and other soluble substances etc. (Howlader et al.,2022). ...
The textile industry is one of the leading causes of major environmental problems worldwide. The textile dye effluents hold diverse kinds of dyes along with other contaminants. Various environmental legislations have been formulated and obligate the textile industries to treat the effluents prior to discharge into water bodies. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of removing two dyes, Congo red and Methylene blue, present in raw textile effluent by employing the powdered leaves of the Burflower (Neolamarckia cadamba) tree as adsorbent. The experiment was performed in a laboratory scale. The surface characterization of the adsorbent was carried out using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, CHN elemental analyzer, FTIR and SEM-EDX analyses. The effluent was characterised before and after the biosorption process to check the efficiency of the process on the various parameters of the effluent. The values of the examined parameters were found to be decreased after the adsorption process. The removal percentages of the two dyes (Congo red = 76.35% and Methylene blue = 85.8%) using the adsorbent were also estimated by batch experiment studies. The findings of this study infer that the adsorbent as mentioned above, can be used to treat dye effluents.
... Currently, there are several technologies for treating textile wastewater, such as advanced oxidation process (AOP) [5], adsorption [6], photocatalytic degradation [7], biological treatment [8], and membrane filtration [9]. Among them, the membrane process is widely used because of its high separation efficiency, facile operation, low energy consumption, easy scale-up, and suitability for integration with other processes [10,11]. ...
... The adsorption method has become one of the widely used methods because of its low cost, high efficiency and simple operation. The traditional adsorbents such as clay [10], bentonite [11], zeolite [12] or charcoal [13] have good adsorption properties for dyes in water, they also have the disadvantages of short effective life, difficulty in regeneration and large consumption. ...
In recent years, there has been an interest in the study of new methods for the removal of dyes from water due to its large-scale use in different industries, for example, for paper printing, textile, leather, pharmaceutical, food or technological applications. It is estimated that more than 700 thousand tons of about 10 000 different types of dyes are produced annually. Most of them are synthetic origin and can generate adverse effects, for example, teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic action. Dyes are mainly applied in the textile industry, and they are usually classified into anionic (acid dyes), cationic (basic dyes) and non-ionic (disperse dyes) dyes. The direct discharge of dyes into the environment can cause various damages to plants and animals: dyes can block the penetration of sunlight, reduce the photosynthetic efficiency of aquatic plants and ultimately destroy the ecological balance of the aquatic ecosystem. This study determined the adsorption efficiency of congo red, methylene blue, rhodamine B and naphthol green B dyes used in textile industry by using the aerogel – an adsorbent synthesized from paper waste. Total carbon was selected as indicator of dye concentration in solution. An increase in fibre content from 3 % to 5 % contributes to the improvement of adsorption properties. The decrease in congo red concentration after an adsorption process was 31.0 % and 38.0 % respectively; the decrease in methylene blue was 2.49 % and 8.15 %; the decrease in naphthol green B was 28.04 % and 34.14 % and the decrease in rhodamine B was 1.28 % and 4.13 %.
