Table 3 - uploaded by Mohammad Raoofi
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A research was conducted in perennial alfalfa to study the effects of integrated weed management on hay, alfalfa's density and alfalfa height and soil's micro fauna (mites)as well as. This study was implemented in the randomized complete block design in Amzajerd village alfalfa farms (located seven kms from Hamedan-Tehran road) during the summer an...
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Context 1
... field under study had six varieties of weeds, but Mouse barley (Hordeum murinum) had the highest density in each plot with the highest pollution 99.9 percent. In study on alfalfa's density (Table 1), integrated treatment "Naboes herbicide with flamethrower" was the best option to increase the number of alfalfa's shots (Table 3). Using the lowest dose of herbicide could be successful for weed management. ...
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... management strategies can cause weeds to consume less and alfalfa to consume more resources. In study on the height of alfalfa (Table 1), Naboes herbicide treatment and integrated treatment "pursuit herbicide with Naboes herbicide" were the best options to increase the height of alfalfa which were both in a statistical category (Table 3). To treatments using that flamethrower, one week delay in growth of alfalfa happened. ...
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... physical treatment, height of alfalfa was less, because this type of weed management was a public method, but Naboes herbicide treatment and combination treatment "pursuit herbicide with Naboes herbicide" were by non-delay in growth and had the highest height. In the study on the weight of alfalfa (Table 2), integrated treatment "Naboes herbicide with pursuit herbicide" and integrated treatment "Paraquate herbicide with flamethrower" were the best options to increase the weight of products (Table 3). In the study on dry weight of alfalfa, integrated treatments "Naboes herbicide with flamethrower" were the best option to increase the forage production. ...
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... the study on weight yield (Table 2), integrated treatment "Paraquate herbicide with flamethrower" was the best option to increase the yield (Table 3).On average, combination treatments with flamethrower were better than other treatments and integrated treatments were better than just one treatment. Study on the effect of soil's biology, especially Astigmatida family (Fig 1), Prostigmatide family (Fig 2), Oribatida family (Fig 3) and Mesostigmatida family (Fig 4), showed the same results for effect of treatment. ...
Citations
... Among all of the forage crops, alfalfa is considered to be one of the most important one due to being source of proteins, minerals, particularly vitamin A (Raoofi et al., 2014;Karimi, 2007) and also due to its verified role in improving soil structure as well as multiplier of other ecological functions and its unique ability to grow in semiarid areas (Gu et al., 2018;Zhao et al., 2004;Jefferson & Cutforth, 1997). Alfalfa's forage yield is entirely dependent on a variety of factors, like soil conditions, rainfall availability and soil moisture (Fan et al., 2016). ...
p>Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) represents an important leguminous forage crop in farming as well as in systems of animal husbandry. It is known for its wide usage for grazing, hay, silage as well as in the form of green manure and cover crop. Our study aims to assess the influence of weeds on quality and quantity of three different aged alfalfa plots. A list of registered weed plant species divided by harvesting periods on each of the surveyed plots is offered. The biomass productivity and its correlation to the effects of artificial fertilizers, alfalfa age and the frequency of weeds are provided. We concluded that using mineral fertilizers in a controlled manner will help to reduce considerably the amount of weeds and also that alfalfa crops will be best to be replaced after four years as its productivity will start afterwards to drop sharply, whereas the number and frequency of weeds will increase conversely.</p
The current study evaluated the negative effects of different doses of Imazethapyr on the population density of some natural enemies such as ladybug, earwig and Carabid beetles. The experiment was carried out on weed-infested established alfalfa farms for two consecutive growing seasons i.e. spring and summer during 2014-2015. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eight treatments and four replications. The results showed that heavy doses application of Imazethapyr has negatively affected lady beetle, earwig and carabid beetle population, until one week after spraying. Severe losses were observed as incrementally with high doses of Imazethapyr; therefore, it is important not to exceed the recommended, standard dose (0.5 L/ha).
Raoofi – Alebrahim: Efficiency of herbicides dose in mixture with cytogate for weed control in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-249-APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 15(4):249-265. Abstract. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of surfactant on herbicide efficiency in Medicago sativa L. fields. To this end, a randomized complete block design with 10 treatments and 4 replications was used in three and four-year alfalfa fields, infested with different weeds. The treatments included the standard dose and a 20% reduced dose, a combined treatment and a control sample (weeding and no weed control). Combination of the treatments was applied along with cytogate, and included mixtures of imazethapyr and bentazon, bentazon and pyridate, and imazethapyr and pyridate, with 50% reduced dose of each herbicide. Generally, herbicides applied along with the cytogate surfactant were more efficient for weed control, as well as for an increase of the product yields, as imazethapyr herbicide along with cytogate surfactant managed to control weeds for a rate of 87.43% and increase the product yields to 93.54%. Results showed that combination of herbicides can also be useful in controlling weeds in alfalfa fields and increasing product yields. Results also revealed that combination of bentazon and imazethapyr increased product yields to 94.47% and controlled weeds for a rate of 90.19%. In addition, this method can be proposed as a means to prevent or delay probable resistance to herbicides.
