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Different formulations, such as nanoemulsions, have been widely used in recent years for target delivery and enhanced biological functions of pesticide combinations. Castor oil was formulated by using a new generation of formulations as nanoemulsions; bio-based oil-in-water nanoemulsion was conducted by a low-energy method. The nanoemulsion charact...
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... One of the best non-edible oil seed crops, castor (Ricinus communis L.) is produced all over the world in tropical and subtropical atmospheres with a significant industrial value. For many years, the chemical industry has exploited castor oil as a highly renewable resource with bio-degradability [27,28]. Ricinoleic acid, a special fatty acid content (C 18 H 34 O 3 ) known as cis-12-hydroxy octa deca-9-enoic acid, makes up around 90% of the fatty acid composition of castor oil; the other fatty acids present are linoleic acid (4.4%), oleic acid, (2.8%), stearic acid(0.7%) ...
The quest for sustainable and environmentally friendly lubrication solutions in industrial applications has led to the exploration of bio-lubricants as alternatives to conventional petroleum-based lubricants. This study presents the development, characterization, optimization, and comparative analysis of bio-lubricants based on mustard oil and castor oil blends, with a particular focus on their performance when compared to commercial engine oil. The physico-chemical, thermal, rheological, and tribological characteristics have been investigated. Examination has been done for the temperature resistance, cold flow characteristics, coefficient of friction, and wear scar diameter. The optimized formulation has been found to offer increased viscosity index, flash point, and thermal stability. The coefficient of friction and weld load have been observed to be improved with the new formulation compared to the commercial mineral oil sample. The importance of this research lies in the urgent need to reduce the environmental impact of lubrication processes, which are integral to countless industrial operations. The use of bio-lubricants derived from renewable sources not only addresses this concern but also aligns with global sustainability goals.
Graphical abstract
... As demonstrated by this finding, the nano metric size preparation for olibanum NE was successful. Our findings corroborate those that good nanoemulsion had droplet sizes of 20-200 nm in accordance with those reported by other researchers (Massoud et al., 2018;Al-Mansoori, 2018;Molai et al., 2022 andAbd El-Naby et al., 2022). ...
... Also, Ammar and Abd-ElAzeem (2021), observed that application of gelatincopper nanoparticles to the spiny bollworm induced the highest levels of pupal mortality and pupation while releasing the lowest LC 50 levels. The failure in pupation as a result of olibanum NE with adjuvant and olibanum NE alone treatment which caused incomplete larval molting and failure to pupate this explained by Abd El-Naby et al., 2022) who recorded that the harmful effects of nano-emulsion to insects may be explained by their small size and large surface area, which increases biological activity and penetration in the living cells. ...
The cotton crop faces direct damage from the spiny bollworm, Earias insulana (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). A new, safer strategy rather than insecticide is urgently needed for its control. Nanoemulsions based on plant essential oils have a wide range of applications in pesticides and have good insecticidal activity against a wide range of agricultural pests. The purpose of this work was to enhance the efficacy of a Boswellia sacra essential oil-based nanoemulsion (Olibanum NE) formulation with enhanced activity by employing an adjuvant. So, olibanum NE with and without Provecta® and Polyxyethylens glycol 600 di-oleate adjuvants olibanum NE were successfully prepared by a high-energy ultrasonication process method. Then, different parameters were determined for olibanum NE with and without adjuvants. Furthermore, study their effects on the different biological aspects under laboratory conditions. Results cleared that olibanum NE droplet size of 41.30 nm, the PDI was 0.26. While olibanum NE with 0.02 % of Polyxyethylens glycol 600-di-oleate was 62.54 nm and the PDI was 0.62. Also, olibanum NE with 0.02 % of Provecta® was 72.44 nm and the PDI was 0.22, and zeta potential increased when adjuvants were added to olibanum NE. Olibanum NE, with and without adjuvants, exhibited an acidic pH value. Both adjuvant-based olibanum NE reduced the surface tension and contact angle than olibanum NE alone. The Obtained data also indicated that olibanum NE, with and without adjuvants proved to be the most effective compound against the second instar larvae of E. insulana, and the LC 50 values after 72 h were 600.07 μL and 723.44 μL, Keywords Spiny bollworm, Earias insulana, Boswellia sacra, adjuvant, enhance and efficacy. Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute www.ejppri.eg.net Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2023), 6 (3): 282-297 283 respectively. While olibanum NE alone was 959.38 μL. The larvae feeding of E. insulana on a treated artificial diet with LC 50 of olibanum NE with adjuvant led to a complex symptom which proved as higher prolongation for larval and pupa durations than olibanum NE alone and control. And decrease the weight of treated larvae and pupation percentage compared to untreated larvae. Also, there were significant reductions in the number of deposited eggs, hatchability percentages, and fecundity of each female, which were developed after treating the larvae with olibanum NE with Provecta® and olibanum NE with PEG 600 di-oleate, compared with olibanum NE alone and the control. As a result, olibanum NE with adjuvant may be an effective alternative to conventional pesticide formulations and may be significant in the practical application of integrated pest management (IPM) and the production of organic cotton farming.
... Regular application of traditional pesticides against S. littoralis, has created the ideal conditions for the development of its resistance (Abd El-Kareem et al., 2022). Also, the pesticides had caused various issues in natural settings, such as toxicity against beneficial predators or parasites, additional considerable environmental pollution, health risks, and the accumulation of pesticide residues in plants (Abd El-Naby et al., 2022). ...
Although synthetic insecticides are most effective for controlling insects, their extensive application has hazardous effects on the environment and human health. Recently, nanotechnology techniques are open up novel applications in the field of agrochemical formulations. Nanoemulsion (NEs) attracted great attention in delivering and enhancing essential oils many poorly soluble in water. In this study, we evaluated the larvicidal activity of the clove oil and its main component eugenol, and both NE formulations against 4 th instar larvae of S. littorals under laboratory conditions. NEs of clove oil and eugenol were prepared by high-energy ultrasonication, 5% EO was the optimal concentration for preparations. The droplet sizes of clove oil and eugenol NEs were 207nm and 54.68 nm and the polydispersity index (PDI) were 0.33 and 0.26, respectively. Generally, eugenol was more effective than clove oil, where the LC50 gradually decreased from 4.64 to 1.65 and 11.97 to 2.18 % after 1and 5days of exposure. Clove NE exhibited more toxicity than clove oil emulsion,the LC 50 values were 1.77 and 2.18% at the end of the experiment. Besides, the eugenol NE formula demonstrated significant toxicity compared to the eugenol emulsion. Results noticed that all tested materials decreased protein levels in larvae of S. littorals by 46.31% and 31.91% with clove oil and clove NE. increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity were recorded with clove oil and clove NE but decreased activity with eugenol and eugenol NE. As well, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity decreased with all treatments. Also, the histological disturbance was estimated in this study as ultrastructural alterations in the midgut of the 4th instar larvae. histological examination showed a high distribution of this larvae's midgut after treatments with LC50 values of all tested materials, especially with NE. Midgut epithelial cells showed more deformation and have many vacuoles, some columnar and goblet cells were destroyed, and the peritrophic membrane was destroyed in many parts.
... Also, castor oil nanoemulsion demonstrated the highest efficacy when compared to its bulk or standard emulsion, according to Abdel-Raheem (2019), who studied the effect of castor oil essential oils (bulk and nano phase) on S. littoralis larvae. Abd El-Naby et al. (2022) demonstrated that the prepared castor oil nanoemulsion exhibits insecticidal activity followed by castor bulk oil under laboratory conditions against the fourth instar larvae of the cotton leaf worm S. littoralis. ...
Our research shed light on the perspective of formulation technology regarding its responsibility to provide phyto-insecticides that are worthy of research into potential novel applications. There has been an increase in interest in using nanoemulsion as a new formulation in a variety of sectors during the last several decades. Aqueous dispersions of Omani frankincense nanoemulsion were successfully prepared by a high-pressure homogenization method using a high-energy ultra-sonication process and Tween 80 as the surfactant. The properties of the frankincense nanoemulsion, such as particle size and polydispersity index (PDI), were investigated. The morphology of frankincense nanoemulsion was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify the chemical profiles of frankincense essential oil. Furthermore, insecticidal effects against 2nd instar larvae of the spiny bollworm, E. insulana, as well as their latent effects on the different stages of the survived larvae were studied. The results revealed that a successful frankincense nanoemulsion with a mean size of 41.30 nm and a homogeneous globule size distribution with a PDI of 0.26, and the morphology of the frankincense nanoemulsion were visualized in a spherical shape. The main constituents identified in frankincense oil were α-pinene (15.52%); monolinolenin (12.92%); and geranylgeranyl acetate (9.99%). The results showed significant insecticidal activity against larval and pupal stages and considerably decreased the pupation percentage. On the other hand, the latent effects of the frankincense nanoemulsion on E. insulana resulted in a complicated symptom that showed a higher prolongation of larval and pupal durations and considerably lower treated larvae and pupal weight. Additionally, frankincense nanoemulsion dramatically influenced the adult emergence percentage. It also caused a significantly lower hatchability percentage compared to the untreated control. The concentrations used and the types of mating combination have a significant effect on the fecundity of E. insulana. This novel frankincense nanoemulsion formulation could be used in strategies to control the Spiny Bollworm on cotton plants.
