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Drawings and photographs of Loriculinae subfam. nov. A, Loriculina ifrimae sp. nov., based on the holotype (see Figure 10B), Lower Coniacian, Yellow Limestone Member, Carranza, northern Coahuila, Mexico; attached to ammonite Peroniceras; CPC-159. B, Loriculina laevissima (von Zittel, 1885), drawing of holotype (original of Loricula laevissima von Zittel, 1885, fig. 4), Oberer Kreidemergel, D€ ulmen, Westphalia, Germany, lower Campanian; Bayerische Staatsssammlung f€ ur Pal€ aontologie und historische Geologie, M€ unchen. C, F, Loriculina noetlingi Dames, 1885, holotype (original of Dames, 1885, fig. 2), Fish Bed, Sahel Alma, Lebanon, upper Santonian; Museum f€ ur Naturkunde, Berlin. D, reconstruction of Blastolepas orlovi Drushhvits & Zevina, 1969, Aptian, Caucasus. E, Metaloriculina stramentoides gen. et sp. nov., drawing of holotype shown in Figure 12C; Lower Coniacian, Yellow Limestone Member , Carranza, northern Coahuila, Mexico; all attached to ammonite Peroniceras; CPC-159. Scale bars D 5 mm.
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A cladistic analysis of basal scalpellomorph cirripedes was undertaken in order to identify the phylogenetic position of the Stramentidae. This yielded a well-supported tree, in which the family is positioned crownwards of Archaeolepas, but basal to the families Scalpellidae and Zeugmatolepadidae. A new genus, Loriolepas, is described to accommodat...
Citations
... Remarks: Gale (2015) and Gale & Schweigert (2016) discovered that the shell plates of Triassic and Jurassic cirripedes assigned to the family Eolepadidae were composed of calcium phosphate, like those of the Carboniferous family Praelepadidae Chernyshev, 1930. As such they differ from the majority of taxa of the Thoracica which are composed of calcite (Thoracicalcarea Gale, 2015;Ullmann et al. 2018). ...
... Remarks: Gale (2015) and Gale & Schweigert (2016) discovered that the shell plates of Triassic and Jurassic cirripedes assigned to the family Eolepadidae were composed of calcium phosphate, like those of the Carboniferous family Praelepadidae Chernyshev, 1930. As such they differ from the majority of taxa of the Thoracica which are composed of calcite (Thoracicalcarea Gale, 2015;Ullmann et al. 2018). Kočí et al. (2015) used XRD analysis to determine the composition of the mineral phase of Eolepas to be francolite. ...
... Since at least Darwin time, the phylogenetic history of thoracican barnacles has been recognized as both fascinating and controversial, owing to their unique configuration, morphological diversity, convergent evolution, and ubiquity in ocean habitats (Newman & Ross, 1976;Jones, 2012;Gan et al., 2020b). However, the origin, diversification and other evolutionary process of barnacles have remained poorly understood, especially at higher taxonomic levels (Newman, 1987;Newman & Yamaguchi, 1995;Buckeridge, 1996;Gale, 2015). The main issues concern the evolution of the peduncle, asymmetry, and the origin of the chemosynthetic group. ...
Thoracican barnacles represent a unique group that has evolved in parallel identical somatotype s (sessile, stalked and asymmetric) in both normal and chemosynthetic environments. Hydrothermal vents and methane seeps are typical extreme deep-sea chemosynthetic habitats for marine macrobenthos. Characterizing the evolutionary history and adaptive strategy of barnacles is fundamentally important for understanding their origin, speciation, and diversification. Herein, we performed a series of phylogenetic analyses focusing on the mitochondrial genomes of the main extant barnacle lineages. Phylogenetic inferences and topology tests contradict the view of the sister relationship between verrucomorphs and balanomorphs, instead revealing that pollicipedids, calanticids and balanomorphs share common ancestor. Selective pressure analyses indicate that the two barnacle lineages of chemosynthetic ecosystems exhibit similar patterns in their evolution of adaptive characters, but have diverse and specific positive substitution sites of mitogenomes. Divergence times suggest that chemosynthetic barnacles originated in the Cenozoic, coinciding with the origins of other metazoan animals in chemosynthetic habitats as well as the Paleogene mass extinction and oceanic anoxic events. It is reasonable to suppose that ecological niche vacancy, sitotaxis, gene specificity in adaptive stress responses, and the subdivision of the ecological niche contributed to the origin and diversification of barnacles in chemosynthetic ecosystems.
... Superorder Thoracicalcarea Gale, 2015 [39]. Order Scalpellomorpha Buckeridge and Newman, 2006 [40]. ...
Naked goose neck barnacles Conchoderma can grow on a wide variety of marine organisms. The taxonomic status of two of its species—C. virgatum and C. hunteri—are currently controversial. Some studies suggest that C. hunteri is a subspecies, variety or growth forms of C. virgatum, because both have great morphological variations, but other studies consider C. hunteri and C. virgatum to be distinct species. The present study examines the morphology and sequence divergence of the COI gene in C. virgatum, C. hunteri and other closely related species. There are consistent morphological differences between C. virgatum and C. hunteri in the tergum, carina and fifth teeth of the mandible. Phylogenetic analysis based on the divergence in the COI gene revealed that C. virgatum and C. hunteri form sister clades with high bootstrap values. The K2P distances within C. hunteri and C. virgatum are 0.034 ± 0.008 and 0.002 ± 0.001 for the COI sequences, respectively. The K2P distance between C. hunteri and C. virgatum is 0.097 ± 0.016. Morphological and molecular evidence confirm that C. hunteri is a valid species.
... from El Rosario quarry were originally identified as Stramentum sp. (Fig. 15A). Posteriorly, in a more morphological detailed study, Gale (2016) suggested that those cirripedians belong to two different species: Metaloriculina stramentoides Gale (2016) (Fig. 15A-D) and Stramentum cf. elegans Hattin (1977). ...
... Feldmann et al. (1999) reported Stramentum in the correlatable Turonian San Rafael Formation, Colombia, but they did not indicate if the stramentids were associated with ammonite shells. From Colombia, Loricula colombiana Royo y Gómez, 1941 (Turonian of Albán-Cundinamarca) and L. alvaradoi Royo y Gómez, 1941 (Albian of black schists of Río Negro in Pacho-Cundinamarca) were studied also by Gale (2016). ...
... Ifrim et al. (2011b) suggested that the cirripediands lived in a well-oxygenated environment and were posteriorly embedded alive. As mentioned before, Gale (2016) made a more detailed study of cirripedians from the lower Coniacian of the Múzquiz quarries, and suggested that there were different species than S. (Stramentum) pulchellum. However, it seems that Gale (2016) did not review the cirripedians from the Vallecillo quarries, so for the moment, we will keep the original identification of Ifrim et al. (2011b). ...
The Crustacea preserved in Cretaceous plattenkalk deposits from Mexico is revisited. New findings include isopods, palinurid lobsters, and crabs. Based on new material available, descriptions of previously reported species are extended. High diversity and abundance of Peracarida from the upper Aptian Sierra Madre El Espinal quarries (Chiapas) are synthesized, along with detailed images of a previously described palinurid species. The famous laminar red limestone quarries of the upper Albian Tlayúa Formation, Tepexi de Rodríguez (Puebla), yielded a new lobster and a pagurid, and nearly 100 complimentary crab specimens of Tepexicarcinus Feldmann, Vega, Applegate and Bishop, 1998, offer more information on its morphology and ontogeny. Arthropoda from the upper Albian El Doctor Formation, Muhi quarries (Hidalgo), include three new incomplete lobsters, an additional specimen of the penaeid Aeger hidalguensis Feldmann et al.2007 (whose morphology is compared with the A. tipularis () from the Upper Jurassic of Germany), and new specimens of an enigmatic Thylacocephala. From the Cenomanian Siera Madre Formation, El Chango quarries Chiapas, we illustrate shrimp, a poorly preserved phyllosoma larva, and a new brachyuran crab. The diverse and abundant crustaceans from the Turonian–Cenomanian El Rosario quarry (Múzquiz, Coahuila) are revisited, with preliminary interpretations of previously reported raninoids.
... Although eolepadids have long been considered to be primitive, but ordinary, members of the pedunculate group of scalpellomorphans (Withers 1928;Newman et al. 1969;Buckeridge 1983), geochemical analy-sis has revealed that their shell plates are composed of calcium phosphate (Høeg et al. 1999; Gale 2015;Gale & Schweigert 2015;Kočí et al. 2015) rather than of calcite, which is used by all extant thoracican cirripedes except the Iblidae (Ullmann et al. 2018). This fundamental shift in biomineralisation was reflected in the creation of the Thoracicalcarea Gale, 2015 for all calcite-shelled forms and the Phosphatothoracica Gale, 2019 for those with phosphatic shells. ...
... Remarks: Gale (2015) and Gale & Schweigert (2015) discovered that the shell plates of Triassic and Jurassic cirripedes assigned to the family Eolepadidae were composed of calcium phosphate, like those of the Carboniferous family Praelepadidae Chernyshev, 1930. As such they differ from the majority of taxa of the Thoracica which are composed of calcite (Thoracicalcarea Gale, 2015;Ullmann et al. 2018). ...
... Remarks: Gale (2015) and Gale & Schweigert (2015) discovered that the shell plates of Triassic and Jurassic cirripedes assigned to the family Eolepadidae were composed of calcium phosphate, like those of the Carboniferous family Praelepadidae Chernyshev, 1930. As such they differ from the majority of taxa of the Thoracica which are composed of calcite (Thoracicalcarea Gale, 2015;Ullmann et al. 2018). The mineralogy of the shell plates of living Iblidae was described by Reid et al. (2012) as a poorly ordered hydrogen, phosphate-like mineral, incorporating chitin and organic matter, and with a complex structure. ...
... from El Rosario quarry were originally identified as Stramentum sp. (Fig. 15A). Posteriorly, in a more morphological detailed study, Gale (2016) suggested that those cirripedians belong to two different species: Metaloriculina stramentoides Gale (2016) (Fig. 15A-D) and Stramentum cf. elegans Hattin (1977). ...
... Feldmann et al. (1999) reported Stramentum in the correlatable Turonian San Rafael Formation, Colombia, but they did not indicate if the stramentids were associated with ammonite shells. From Colombia, Loricula colombiana Royo y Gómez, 1941 (Turonian of Albán-Cundinamarca) and L. alvaradoi Royo y Gómez, 1941 (Albian of black schists of Río Negro in Pacho-Cundinamarca) were studied also by Gale (2016). ...
... Ifrim et al. (2011b) suggested that the cirripediands lived in a well-oxygenated environment and were posteriorly embedded alive. As mentioned before, Gale (2016) made a more detailed study of cirripedians from the lower Coniacian of the Múzquiz quarries, and suggested that there were different species than S. (Stramentum) pulchellum. However, it seems that Gale (2016) did not review the cirripedians from the Vallecillo quarries, so for the moment, we will keep the original identification of Ifrim et al. (2011b). ...
The Crustacea preserved in Cretaceous plattenkalk deposits from Mexico is revisited. New findings include isopods, palinurid lobsters, and crabs. Based on new material available, descriptions of previously reported species are extended. High diversity and abundance of Peracarida from the upper Aptian Sierra Madre El Espinal quarries (Chiapas) are synthesized, along with detailed images of a previously described palinurid species. The famous laminar red limestone quarries of the upper Albian Tlayúa Formation, Tepexi de Rodríguez (Puebla), yielded a new lobster and a pagurid, and nearly 100 complimentary crab specimens of Tepexicarcinus Feldmann, Vega, Applegate and Bishop, 1998, offer more information on its morphology and ontogeny. Arthropoda from the upper Albian El Doctor Formation, Muhi quarries (Hidalgo), include three new incomplete lobsters, an additional specimen of the penaeid Aeger hidalguensis Feldmann et al.2007 (whose morphology is compared with the A. tipularis () from the Upper Jurassic of Germany), and new specimens of an enigmatic Thylacocephala. From the Cenomanian Siera Madre Formation, El Chango quarries Chiapas, we illustrate shrimp, a poorly preserved phyllosoma larva, and a new brachyuran crab. The diverse and abundant crustaceans from the Turonian–Cenomanian El Rosario quarry (Múzquiz, Coahuila) are revisited, with preliminary interpretations of previously reported raninoids.
... Stalked epibionts would probably have been actively scrubbed off by nektonic reptiles. Although Stramentidae lived as closely attached epizoa, these mostly Late Cretaceous barnacles left characteristic, internally segmented traces (Ifrim et al., 2011;Gale, 2016) that would be readily recognizable and are dissimilar from that observed here. Slipper limpets (Calyptraeidae) have a record reaching back only to the Cretaceous (Sohl, 1987). ...
... In recent years, the systematic and evolutionary biology of Cirripedia have developed substantially. Evidence from mineralogy, paleontology, shell morphology, and molecular analysis presents great challenges to the current system of classifying higher taxa in Thoracica (Lin et al., 2015;Gale, 2016aGale, , 2019Gale et al., 2019). In the meantime, many species collected from the deep sea have been found and identified (Chan et al., 2014;Shalaeva and Newman, 2016), and the deep-sea adaptation of barnacles has been explored (Gan et al., 2020). ...
Dozens of samples of stalked barnacles were collected from deep-sea seamounts of the tropical western Pacific by remotely operated vehicles during two expeditions in 2017 and 2018. Integrative taxonomy indicates that they represent two new species belonging to the families Scalpellidae and Poecilasmatidae, respectively. In terms of morphology, Arcoscalpellum angularum sp. nov. is distinguished from congeneric species by the angular processes on the dorsum of its soft body and the absence of a caudal appendage, whereas Glyptelasma robustum sp. nov. differs from its congeners in its robust peduncle, semicircular concaved carina, and long filamentary appendages. The validity of the two new species is supported by genetic analyses inferred from COI gene sequences and geographic distribution. To date, very few seamounts in the oceans have been investigated for scientific purposes, and records about barnacles inhabiting seamounts are chaotic. A literature search reveals about 125 barnacle species recorded in seamounts mainly in the eastern and western regions of the Pacific Ocean. Existing data are insufficient for research on species speciation and diffusion; still more credible data on the distribution of barnacles in seamounts should be collected.
... The first of these (Jagt & Collins 1988) was devoted to the early Paleocene (early/middle Danian) sessile form, Pyc nolepas bruennichi Withers, 1914, now Faxelepas bruennichi (see Gale 2015, and its importance for the stratigraphy and interregional correlation of the Geulhem Member (Houthem Formation) in the Maastricht area. A year later, Campanian and Maastrichtian cirripedes from northeast Belgium (Jagt & Collins 1989), were recorded, inclusive of a new cretiscalpellid, Cretiscalpellum obtusum, and an allegedly new stramentid, Stramentum biplicatum, which was subsequently synonymised with Zeugmatolepas cretae (Steenstrup, 1839) (see Gale 2016). To this assemblage, a new scalpellid, Arcoscalpellum dortangsi, and further records of brachylepadids, cretiscalpellids and scalpellids were added, a decade later (Collins & Jagt 1999). ...
To reflect the nearly 65 years of active research into extinct decapod and thoracican crustaceans (Pleocyemata, Anomura, Brachyura and Cirripedia) by the late Joe Collins, a varied array of papers on polychelid lobsters, paguroid and galatheoid anomurans, brachyurans and scalpellomorph and balanomorph cirripedes is compiled in the present memorial volume. The material described and illustrated originates from a range of sedimentary strata, of Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Cenozoic age in North America (Washington, Oregon and North Carolina), Caribbean (Cuba), Japan and Europe (England, France, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Slovenia and the Czech Republic). In all, two new genera (one paguroid and a xanthoid crab) and eight new species (all crabs), are erected in the present issue and named after Joe, as a fitting tribute to a well-respected, self-taught scientist.
... The present study provides an updated overview of cirripedes from hemipelagic deposits of the BCB and also includes a revision of their stratigraphical ranges. Where appropriate, we have taken into account the recent revision of scalpellids and stramentids by in Gale (2016aGale ( , 2016bGale ( , 2019 and Gale et al. (2019). ...
... 21); peduncular plates are broadly rectangular in outline, tall and reach almost onethird of the height of capitular plates; only the uppermost layer of peduncular plates (just below the capitulum) are slighlty broader and lower. Gale (2016a) summarised the conditions that allowed preservation of complete stramentids in the fossil record: settling on ammonite shells (both planispiral and heteromorph forms) post mortem on anoxic sea floors or rapid burial in oxic benthic environments (compare Hauschke et al. 2011;Ifrim et al. 2011), more rarely, overgrowth by ammonite hosts (Wittler 1996) and attachment to benthic bivalves (Inoceramidae) or empty ammonite conchs (Hattin & Hirt 1991). When attached to ammonites, stramentids appear to have preferred rather smooth planispiral ammonite morphotypes with widely spaced, shallow ribs, such as collignoniceratids and pachydiscids. ...
An updated overview of cirripede taxa (Thoracica, Pedunculata) from hemipelagic facies of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin (Czech Republic) is presented. In addition to previously recorded data, recently collected capitular plates of Cretiscalpellum glabrum, Diotascalpellum angustatum, semi-articulated Stramentum pulchellum and unpublished specimens in the Josef Soukup Collection are described and illustrated herein. Soukup's material comprises a near-complete capitulum of Diota scalpellum angustatum; this represents the best-preserved individual of that species known to date. A revised picture of the stratigraphical distribution of cirripedes from the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, and a discussion of habitat preferences and distributional patterns of each taxon within this area are added.
