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To develop an experimental model of gastroesophageal reflux in rats.
Sixty Wistar rats underwent surgery and were assigned to one of the three groups of twenty animals each. The animals in group A underwent total esophageal myectomy and, in group (B), underwent partial myectomy. The third group was the control group (C). A contrast radiographic stu...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... in groups A and B presented with adherences involving the liver and the esophagus. No gross changes were observed in the esophageal mucosa. The histological study of the muscle layer of the esophagus in animals of groups A and B confirmed the presence of muscle tissue. The presence of nerve bundles was observed in the muscle layer. Results are shown in Table 7 and documented in Figures 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14. The statistical analysis did not reveal differences between groups. ...
Context 2
... animals underwent a 3-cm midline laparotomy starting at the xiphoid process. The peritoneal cavity was inspected. The animals were numbered from 1 to 60. At this point, each animal was raffled to be assigned to one of the study groups, this being our randomization criteria. In group A animals, the muscle layer involving the abdominal esophagus was resected (myectomy) via a 1.5cm anterior myotomy starting at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) (Figures 1, 2 and 3). The muscle layer was sent to histology examination. In group B, we resected a 1.5cm-longx 2mm- wide strip of the anterior muscle layer of the abdominal esophagus, starting from the GEJ. The muscle layer was also sent to histology examination (Figure 4). In group C, the procedure was restricted to esophagus palpation. A mononylon 3-0 suture in a continuous pattern was performed on the aponeurosis of the rectus abdominis muscles. The skin was sutured in a similar manner. The animals presenting with perforation and/or hemorrhage of the esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum were ...
Citations
... However, due to the concerns of high cost, social stress, and biosafety issue, the need for more proper alternatives to the wet laboratory models is emerging [19,20] . At present, animals such as swine, rats, or mouse are still the most widely used models for anti-reflux surgery training [21][22][23] . Therefore, a lack of alternative models for anti-reflux surgery has driven us to generate a new dry laboratory model. ...
Rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has enabled the production of many new materials for medical applications but the dry laboratory surgical training model made of soft and flexible materials is still insufficient. We established a new 3D-printed Nissen fundoplication training model of which materials simulate the real mechanical properties. In this study, 16 participants were divided into two groups: Experimental group and control group. The validity of model was tested using Likert scale by the experts and the experimental group. To evaluate the efficacy, performances of the experimental group were scored at the first, fourth, and eighth training by OSATS system and the duration of procedure was compared through the use of recorded video. Meanwhile, an ex vivo model was used to compare the performance of the experiment group and control group after the training in the same way. Our results showed that the 3D-printed model can support the future surgical applications, help improve surgical skills, and shorten procedure time after training.
... A 2 cm incision was made in the rats' abdomens to expose the stomach, and both the junction of the stomach and forestomach and the pylorus were ligated using a 3−0 silk thread. Care was taken to ensure that the vagus nerve remained intact [17,18]. All rats were sacrificed 4.5 h after the surgery. ...
Background
Excessive and continuous inflammation may be the main cause of various immune system diseases. Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a common gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Camellia japonica has high medicinal value and has long been used as a traditional herbal hemostatic medicine in China and Korea. The purpose of this study is to explore the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of CJE and its protective effect on RE.
Materials and methods
Buds from C. japonica plants were collected in the mountain area of Jeju, South Korea. Dried C. japonica buds were extracted with 75% ethanol. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay were evaluated according to previous method. The ROS production and anti-inflammatory effects of C. japonica buds ethanol extract (CJE) were evaluated on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell inflammation. The protective effects of CJE on RE were conducted in a RE rat model.
Results
CJE eliminated over 50% of DPPH and ABTS radical at concentration of 100 and 200 µg/mL, respectively. CJE alleviated changes in cell morphology, reduced production of ROS, NO and IL-1β. Also, down-regulated expression levels of iNOS, TNF-α, phosphorylated NF-κB, IκBα, and JNK/p38/MAPK. CJE reduced esophageal tissue damage ratio (40.3%) and attenuation of histological changes. In addition, CJE down-regulated the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2 and phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and IκBα in esophageal tissue.
Conclusions
CJE possesses good anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory activity, and can improve RE in rats caused by gastric acid reflux. Therefore, CJE is a natural material with good anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and has the possibility of being a candidate phytomedicine source for the treatment of RE.
... A 2 cm incision was made in the rats' abdomens to expose the stomach, and both the junction of the stomach and forestomach and the pylorus were ligated using a 3-0 silk thread. Care was taken to ensure that the vagus nerve remained intact [17,18]. All rats were sacri ced 4.5 h after the surgery. ...
Background: Excessive and continuous inflammation may be the main cause of various immune system diseases. Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a common gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Camellia japonica has high medicinal value and has long been used as a traditional herbal hemostatic medicine in China and Korea. The purpose of this study is to explore the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of CJE and its protective effect on RE.
Materials and methods: Buds from C. japonica plants were collected in the mountain area of Jeju, South Korea. Dried C. japonica buds were extracted with 75% ethanol. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay were evaluated according to previous method. The ROS production and anti-inflammatory effects of C. japonica buds ethanol extract (CJE) were evaluated on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell inflammation. The protective effects of CJE on RE were conducted in a RE rat model.
Results: CJE eliminated over 50% of DPPH and ABTS radical at concentration of 100 and 200 μg/mL, respectively. CJE alleviated changes in cell morphology, reduced production of ROS, NO and IL-1β. Also, down-regulated expression levels of iNOS, TNF-α, phosphorylated NF-κB, IκBα, and JNK/p38/MAPK. CJE reduced esophageal tissue damage ratio (40.3%) and attenuation of histological changes. In addition, CJE down-regulated the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2 and phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and IκBα in esophageal tissue.
Conclusions: CJE possesses good anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory activity, and can improve RE in rats caused by gastric acid reflux. Therefore, CJE is a natural material with good anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and has the possibility of being a candidate phytomedicine source for the treatment of RE.
... A 2 cm incision was made in the rats' abdomens to expose the stomach, and both the junction of the stomach and forestomach and the pylorus were ligated using a 3-0 silk thread. Care was taken to ensure that the vagus nerve remained intact [17,18]. All rats were sacri ced 4.5 h after the surgery. ...
Background
Excessive and continuous inflammation may be the main cause of various immune system diseases. Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a common gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It is an inflammation of the esophagus caused by the reflux of gastric contents to the esophagus due to the dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter. Camellia japonica has high medicinal value and has long been used as a traditional herbal hemostatic medicine in China and Korea.
Materials and methods
Dried C. japonica buds were extracted with 75% ethanol. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay were evaluated according to previous method. The ROS production and anti-inflammatory effects of C. japonica buds ethanol extract (CJE) were evaluated on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The protective effects of CJE on RE were conducted in a RE induced Sprague Dawley rat model.
Results
CJE eliminated over 50% of DPPH and ABTS radical at concentration of 100 and 200 µg/mL, respectively. CJE alleviated changes in cell morphology, reduced production of ROS, NO and IL-1β. Also, down-regulated expression levels of iNOS, TNF-α, phosphorylated NF-κB, IκBα, and JNK/p38/MAPK. CJE reduced esophageal tissue damage ratio (40.3%) and attenuation of histological changes. In addition, CJE down-regulated the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2 and phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and IκBα in esophageal tissue .
Conclusions
CJE possesses good anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory activity, and can improve RE in rats caused by acid reflux. Therefore, CJE may be a natural medicine source with good anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects, and a candidate phytomedicine source for treating RE
... A 2-cm incision was made in the rats' abdomens to expose the stomach, and both the junction of the stomach and forestomach and the pylorus were ligated using 3-0 silk thread. Care was taken to ensure that the vagus nerve remained intact [17,18]. All rats were sacri ced 4.5 h after surgery. ...
Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation are the causes of many diseases. Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a common gastroesophageal reflux disease with a continuous upward trend in incidence worldwide. Camellia japonica (C. japonica) has long been used as a traditional herbal hemostatic medicine in China and Korea. The purpose of this study was to explore the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of C. japonica and its protective effect against RE.
Materials and methods: Buds from C. japonica plants were collected in a mountainous area of Jeju, South Korea. Dried C. japonica buds were extracted with 75% ethanol. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays were performed. The ROS production and anti-inflammatory effects of C. japonica bud ethanol extract (CJE) on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammation were evaluated. The protective effects of CJE on RE were investigated in a RE rat model.
Results: CJE eliminated over 50% of DPPH and ABTS radicals at concentrations of 100 and 200 μg/mL, respectively. CJE alleviated changes in cell morphology, reduced production of ROS, NO and IL-1β and down-regulated expression levels of iNOS, TNF-α, phosphorylated NF-κB, IκBα, and JNK/p38/MAPK. CJE reduced the esophageal tissue damage ratio (40.3%) and attenuation of histological changes. In addition, CJE down-regulated expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and COX-2 and phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and IκBα in esophageal tissue.
Conclusions: CJE possesses good anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory activity, and can reduce RE damage in rats caused by gastric acid reflux. Therefore, CJE is a natural material that may be a candidate phytomedicine for the treatment of RE.
... The RE control group was physiological saline, and the drug treatment group was AHE at a concentration of 500 mg/kg. Then the rats were subjected to respiratory anesthesia, and an incision of about 2 cm was cut in the middle part of the abdomen of the rat to expose the stomach, and then the stomach and pylorus junctions and the fundus were ligated to induce reflux, keeping the vagus nerve intact [30]. After 4.5 h of surgery, all rats were sacrificed. ...
Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a kind of gastroesophageal reflux disease, of which an esophageal inflammatory lesion is caused by the contents of the stomach and duodenum flowing back into the esophagus. Allium hookeri is a plant possessing both nutritional and medicinal properties. In our study, we investigated the inhibition effect of inflammation of A. hookeri root extract (AHE) on inflammatory RAW264.7 macrophage cells induced by lipopolysaccharide and rat models of RE. The results showed that AHE significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the protein expression levels of various mediators related to inflammation including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 β ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ). Furthermore, AHE also inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF- κ B) by inhibiting the phosphorylation I κ B α . In addition, AHE administration significantly ameliorated esophageal mucosal damage upon histological evaluation of RE in rats. AHE was also found to downregulate the expression levels of proteins such as COX-2, TNF- α , and IL-1 β in the rat esophagus. AHE markedly attenuated activation of NF- κ B and phosphorylation of I κ B α at the same time. These results indicated that AHE suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells and may help reduce the development of esophagitis through the modulation of inflammation by regulating NF- κ B activation.
... Animals were divided into three groups; control (C, n = 6), irradiation (IR, n = 8) and reflux and irradiation (RIR, n = 10). The experimental model of LPR with a surgical method described by Gaia Filho et al. [9] was used. According to this method, the animals underwent a 2-cm midline laparotomy starting at the xiphoid process following preoperative preparation and anesthesia. ...
Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the early histopathological changes of gastroesophageal reflux and irradiation on laryngeal mucosa in rats.
Study design:
Animal study.
Setting:
Experimental animal laboratory, tertiary referral center.
Subject and method:
Twenty-four adult female Wistar Albino rats were grouped as: control (n = 6), reflux and irradiation (n = 10), and irradiation (n = 8). Rats were operated to create a reflux model 30 days before irradiation. Ionizing radiation was administered in a single fraction of a 20 Gy to the larynx. Laryngeal tissue samples were taken at the 4th day of irradiation and all specimens underwent histopathological examination.
Results:
Edema and vascular dilation in lamina propria were higher in the reflux and irradiation, and irradiation groups than control group. Inflammation was higher in the reflux and irradiation group than the control group. Inflammation in squamous epithelium was higher in the reflux and irradiation and irradiation groups compared to the control group. Inflammation in the squamous epithelium of the irradiation group was higher than the reflux and irradiation group. In the respiratory tract epithelium, inflammation was higher in the reflux and irradiation group; additionally, a significant loss of cilia was present in the reflux and irradiation and irradiation groups while pseudostratification was higher in the reflux and irradiation group.
Conclusion:
Ionizing radiation-induced inflammation may increase on previously inflammated area due to gastroesophageal reflux. Therefore, it may be helpful to investigate and treat the reflux in laryngeal cancer patients that will receive ionizing radiation.
... Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a common gastrointestinal disorder, 1,2,3 and affects approximately 40% of world population. 4 Reflux esophagitis can result in chronic esophagitis, esophageal strictures and Barrett's esophagus (intestinal or columnar metaplasia). ...
... 8 The gastric acid has principle role in the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis. 1,3,6,7 In patients with RE, relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter is a major etiology for refluxing acid into the esophagus. 3,9,10 It seems that the gastric contents contain different deleterious components that their reflux into the esophagus cause chemical injury. ...
Objective-Trigonella foenum graecum, (Fenugreek) has anti-inflammation, antiseptic and antidiabetic activities in traditional medicine. This study was performed to investigate the protection effects of Fenugreek seed extract on the experimental reflux esophigitis (RE) in rats. Design-Experimental study. Animals-24 male Wistar albino rats. Procedures-Rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups including the sham-operated groups with normal saline (sham I) and extract (sham II) administration, the reflux esophagitis group (the reflux control group), and the reflux esophagitis group with extract administration (reflux extract group). Reflux esophagitis was induced by ligating the pylorus and the limiting ridge. Normal saline and Fenugreek extract were gavaged for one week before operation in the related groups. Then, the animals were euthanized and the esophagus was evaluated for gross and histopathologic features. Gross lesions in the esophagus were graded according to the scoring system of Oh and colleagues. Results-Significant difference in the gross lesions was observed between the reflux control and reflux extract groups. The reflux control group showed severe mucosal erosions and ulcers in the esophagus. Microscopic findings in the extract treatment group varied from no lesions to mild damages including hydropic degeneration, epithelial clefts and vesicles formation. Conclusion and clinical relevance-Based on the results, it can be concluded that the aqueous extract of T. foenum graecum seed have protective effects against RE and this extract can be considered as one of the therapeutic options in the clinical trial studies.
... Gaia Filho et al proposed use of retrograde contrast injection to confirm DGER after cardiomyotomy. 20 Their results indicated that contrast medium was present in the esophagus in a considerable number of animals, but only in the group treated by total myotomy. These results showed evidence of an important index of error in surgical induction of DGER, and the radiological test was shown to be positive in 10% of the control cases. ...
Performing experimental studies has played an important role in acquiring knowledge about esophageal carcinogenesis. In this context, the choice of a more reliable experimental model requires proof of its effectiveness in order to lend greater credibility to the results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the patency of duodenal-esophageal anastomosis during long-term postoperative follow-up in rats.
This was an experimental study in which 45 female Wistar rats were used. A side-to-side anastomosis was performed, going from the anterior side of the esophagus to the second duodenal portion. A standardized radiological technique was used to carry out a contrasted radiological study of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum during weeks 4, 12, 20, and 30 after surgery. Different contrast media were used, and the animals were divided into groups, ie, group 1 (100% barium sulfate), group 2 (50% barium sulfate), and group 3 (60% aqueous iodinated contrast media). Contrast radiographs were taken in each group at weeks 4, 12, 20, and 30 after the surgical procedure. The radiographic images were evaluated by two radiologists who were blinded regarding the contrast groups. Macroscopic evaluation of each animal was compared with the radiological findings.
Postoperative mortality was 13.33%. The remaining animals were divided into study groups. All the contrast radiological examinations showed evidence of the location of the esophagus, stomach, and proximal portion of the intestine, and demonstrated the laterolateral relationship of the distal esophagus and the duodenum in the epigastric region. Patency of the anastomosis was observed at each examination period. The different contrast media used were able to demonstrate this outcome shortly after the first phase of injection. Necropsies corroborated the radiological findings.
Regardless of the contrast agent used, contrasted radiography revealed that side-to-side duodenal-esophageal anastomosis in rats allowed patent communication during long-term postoperative follow-up.
... Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) was induced using the upper abdominal midline pyloric stenosis and limiting ridge ligation method. 7 The pyloric stenosis involved covering the duodenum near the pyloric ring with a small piece of an 18F Nelaton catheter (Qingdao, China) while the transitional region between the forestomach and the glandular portion (limiting ridge) was ligated using a nonabsorbable suture (Fig 1). Sham-operated rats, receiving only a midline incision, served as a control group. ...
To investigate the histopathologic changes in intact laryngeal epithelium and mucosa exposed to endogenous gastric acid and pepsin in an experimental model of reflux.
Randomized trial.
The study was conducted at the animal care facility of Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital.
Eighteen healthy 200- to 220-g, 20-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The animals were divided into three groups according to exposure time (1-, 4-, and 12-week exposures), and four rats were examined as controls who underwent sham operation. An experimental model of gastroesophageal reflux was induced. After exposure, the animals were euthanized, and their larynges were removed. The histopathologic changes in the larynx were observed under a light microscope.
The mean scores for inflammation in the control, one-, four-, and 12-week groups were 0.75 ± 0.50, 1.75 ± 0.50, 2.20 ± 0.45, and 1.94 ± 0.87, respectively. However, mean scores for vascular engorgement in the control, one-, and four-week groups were 0, and in the 12-week group was 2.0 ± 0.70. The mean scores for subepithelial edema in the control, one-, four-, and 12-week groups were 1.00 ± 0, 1.75 ± 0.95, 1.80 ± 0.45, and 2.20 ± 0.84, respectively. However, mean scores for keratinization for the control, one-, and four-week groups were 0, and for the 12-week group was 1.60 ± 0.55. When we compared inflammation, vascular engorgement, subepithelial edema, and keratinization mean scores between the control and study groups, there were statistically significant increases (P = 0.005, P = 0.001, P = 0.043, P = 0.002, respectively).
Our findings suggest that reflux induces significant histopathologic changes in larynx mucosa.
