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– Dothiorella sarmentorum. a, b -Conidiomata on host substrate, c – Cross section of conidioma, d – Peridium, e, f – Immature conidia attached to conidiogenous cells, g – Mature conidia attached to conidiogenous cells, h, i – Immature hyaline conidia, j, k – Mature conidia, l – Germinating conidia. Scale bars: c=100, d=50, e–l=20 μm.
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Dothiorella species are pathogens of many woody hosts but their host distribution is poorly known. In this study, a collection of Dothiorella isolates obtained from different woody hosts, including Acer, Cornus, Coronilla, Crataegus, Euonymus, Fraxinus, Laburnum, Laurus, Paliurus, Prunus, Salix, Sambucus and Ulmus species in Italy were identified....
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... were identified as Dothiorella symphoricarposicola (Fig. 3); one isolate from Acer opalus was identified as Dothiorella iberica and a set of isolates from Cornus sanguinea, Coronilla emerus, Crataegus sp., Euonymus europaeus, Paliurus spina-christi, Prunus dulcis, Salix sp. and Ulmus minor clustered in a larger group identified as D. sarmentorum (Fig. 2). The remaining clade containing isolates from Fraxinus ornus represents Dothiorella ...
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... D. sarmentorum is a cosmopolitan species and has been isolated from 34 different host species including Malus, Menispermum, Prunus, Pyrus, and Ulmus genera. Molecular studies have described D. sarmentorum in 17 woody hosts [22,31]. However, there are relatively few reports on the diseases that D. sarmentorum causes in herbaceous plants. ...
Lavender is an oil-bearing plant, which has long been cultivated for oil, fresh flowers, dried products, and food. Leaf blight disease was observed on ‘Bandera Pink’, which belongs to Lavandula stoechas in Yining County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The causal agent of this disease was isolated, and Koch’s postulates were assessed to confirm its pathogenicity. The morphological characteristics of the pathogen were observed, and the LSU, ITS, tef1, and tub2 loci were combined and analyzed. Based on morphological characterization and phylogenetic analyses, the causal agent was identified as a fungal species named Dothiorella sarmentorum. Pathogenicity tests revealed that D. sarmentorum can infect seven varieties of three lavender species. This is the first report of D. sarmentorum causing lavender leaf blight. This study provides a theoretical basis for the diagnosis of disease and the monitoring of disease occurrence and epidemics.
... Species in Dothiorella are characterized by 1-septate conidia that become brown at an early stage of their development and while still attached to the conidiogenous cells, and teleomorphs with brown, 1-septate ascospores ). They are found as pathogens, endophytes and saprobes in a wide range of hosts, though it is not clear whether species have narrow or wide host distributions (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2014, Pitt et al. 2015, Dissanayake et al. 2016b, You et al. 2017, Berraf-Tebbal et al. 2020. Although more than 400 species epithets are listed in MycoBank and similar databases , only a limited number of them are known from culture. ...
The Botryosphaeriaceae is the largest family in Botryosphaeriales and currently comprises 22 genera of important endophytes, saprobes and plant pathogens. Most botryosphaeriaceous species have a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on a wide range of woody hosts. Nonetheless, in many hosts, including palms (Arecaceae), the complex of associated Botryosphaeriaceae taxa is as yet unknown. The present study aimed to identify the botryosphaeriaceous species associated with foliar lesions of ornamental palms in Lisbon, Portugal. Twenty-nine Botryosphaeriaceae taxa were isolated from seven different palm species and identified based on both morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Six genera were detected: Botryosphaeria, Diplodia, Dothiorella, Neodeightonia, Neofusicoccum and Sardiniella. A new species of Neodeightonia, N. chamaeropicola, is introduced. Three botryosphaeriaceous species are reduced to synonymy. Thirteen new plant host-fungus associations are reported, while four new geographical records are noted for Portugal. A synopsis of accepted and phylogenetically validated Botryosphaeriaceae taxa reported from palms worldwide is presented. A total of 31 botryosphaeriaceous species have been currently reported from Arecaceae hosts, and many of them are associated with disease symptoms. This illustrates that more systematic studies are needed to examine the complex of Botryosphaeriaceae taxa associated with palms and determine their potential pathogenicity.
... Dothiorella species are cosmopolitan with a wide range of hosts as endophytes, saprobes and pathogens (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2014), mainly associated with woody plants (dissanayake et al. 2016;Phookamsak et al. 2019;Sohrabi et al. 2020;Pan et al. 2021). Pathogens have been associated with canker, dieback and fruit rots , Phillips et al. 2013, dissanayake et al. 2016, Jayawardena et al. 2019. ...
... Dothiorella species are cosmopolitan with a wide range of hosts as endophytes, saprobes and pathogens (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2014), mainly associated with woody plants (dissanayake et al. 2016;Phookamsak et al. 2019;Sohrabi et al. 2020;Pan et al. 2021). Pathogens have been associated with canker, dieback and fruit rots , Phillips et al. 2013, dissanayake et al. 2016, Jayawardena et al. 2019. however, from the few pathogenicity tests made (Chen et al. 2014;doll et al. 2015;Lawrence et al. 2017, Úrbez-torres & Gubler 2009, Úrbez-torres et al. 2012, species are known for their weak pathogenicity. ...
... this scenario has started to change with new introductions due to fungal diversity exploration in Asia (e.g., Lin et al. 2023;Rathnayaka et al. 2022;Xiao et al. 2021), providing molecular data and updated descriptions. these advances have identified and accepted more than 30 species based on morphomolecular data (Phillips et al. 2013;dissanayake et al. 2016) (Rathnayaka et al. 2022;Lin et al. 2023). ...
Dothiorella has cosmopolitan species and a wide range of hosts as endophytes, saprobes, and pathogens. Many species have been introduced solely based on their host association, resulting in misidentification. This study describes a novel species, Dothiorella saprophytica sp. nov., a sexual morph of Dothiorella, from Chiang Mai, Thailand using multi-locus phylogeny (ITS + tef1-α + β-tub) and morphological characters. Detailed morphology and multi-locus phylogeny are provided to give more insights into the diversity and taxonomy of this genus. Dothiorella saprophytica is characterized by its sexual morph with pseudothecial and immersed ascomata, peridium textura angularis, hyaline, thin-walled, unbranched, and septate pseudoparaphyses, clavate and bitunicate asci, and ovoid to sub-clavate, 0–1-septate ascospores. Introducing new fungal species, such as D. saprophytica sp. nov., adds to our understanding of biodiversity and the ecology of fungi and provides opportunities for further research.
... Hanlin [12] and Reid [13] reported that B. dothidea and B. quercuum were associated with E. americanus and E. japonicus, respectively. Dissanayake et al. [14] reported that Do. sarmentorum was associated with E. europaeus. ...
Euonymus japonicus tolerates the dry and frigid climate of Beijing, China, and effectively filters out particles during the winter. However, fungal infestation frequently causes extreme illness and can even lead to shrub death. In this study, 104 diseased E. japonicus specimens were collected from seven districts in Beijing. Seventy-nine isolates were identified as 22 fungal species in seven genera. The species were Aplosporella hesperidica, A. javeedii, A. prunicola, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Colletotrichum aenigma, Co. euonymi, Co. euonymicola, Co. gloeosporioides, Cytospora ailanthicola, C. albodisca, C. diopuiensis, C. discotoma, C. elaeagni, C. euonymicola, C. euonymina, C. haidianensis, C. leucostoma, C. sophorae, C. zhaitangensis, Diaporthe eres, Dothiorella acericola, and Pestalotiopsis chaoyangensis. On the basis of morphological and phylogenetic analyses, Colletotrichum euonymi, Co. euonymicola, Cytospora zhaitangensis, and Pestalotiopsis chaoyangensis were introduced as novel species. Colletotrichum euonymi, Co. euonymicola, and Pestalotiopsis chaoyangensis were subsequently confirmed as pathogens of E. japonicus leaves by pathogenicity testing. This study provides an important assessment of the fungi associated with diseases of E. japonicus in Beijing, China.
... Dothiorella was introduced by Saccardo (1880), with D. pyrenophora as the type species. Members of this genus are pathogens, endophytes, and saprobes in a wide range of hosts , Dissanayake et al. 2016. Dothiorella is characterized by pigmented, 1-septate ascospores and conidia that become brown and 1septate while attached to the conidiogenous cells , Dissanayake et al. 2016. ...
... Members of this genus are pathogens, endophytes, and saprobes in a wide range of hosts , Dissanayake et al. 2016. Dothiorella is characterized by pigmented, 1-septate ascospores and conidia that become brown and 1septate while attached to the conidiogenous cells , Dissanayake et al. 2016. Currently, 395 records are available in Index Fungorum. ...
... Known hosts and distribution:-Dothiorella sarmentorum has a cosmopolitan distribution and has been isolated from 34 different host species, including Malus, Menispermum, Prunus, Pyrus, Ulmus, etc. ). However, Dissanayake et al. (2016) mentioned that D. sarmentorum was described from only 17 woody hosts based on molecular studies. ...
Botryosphaeriaceae is the largest family in Botryosphaeriales, consisting of 22 genera. The family is worldwide in distribution and occurs on a wide variety of plant hosts. Botryosphaeriaceae includes endophytic, saprobic, and plant pathogenic species associated with canker and die-back diseases, most common on woody plants. The present study establishes two novel species of Dothiorella and new host and geographical records for species of Botryosphaeria, Dothiorella, Neodeightonia,
and Sphaeropsis. Taxa were identified based on morphology coupled with phylogenetic analyses based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of SSU, LSU, ITS, tef1-α and β-tub sequences. The taxa are described and illustrated.
... However, identifications of Botryosphaeriaceae species prior to the application of taxonomic criteria based on DNA sequencing and phylogenetic inference should be re-examined carefully as the taxonomy of this family of fungi has substantially changed during the last decade and is still evolving rapidly. As a matter of fact, very recently new species have been described and species that were previously separated on the basis of both multiloci phylogenetic analysis and morphological characters have been reduced to synonymy on the basis of same genetic markers previously regarded as discriminatory [4][5][6][7]. After the introduction of modern molecular taxonomy, several Botryosphaeriaceae species ...
Neofusicoccum parvum, in the family Botryosphaeriaceae, was identified as the causal agent of bot gummosis of lemon (Citrus × limon) trees, in the two major lemon-producing regions in Italy. Gummy cankers on trunk and scaffold branches of mature trees were the most typical disease symptoms. Neofusicoccum parvum was the sole fungus constantly and consistently isolated from the canker bark of symptomatic lemon trees. It was identified on the basis of morphological characters and the phylogenetic analysis of three loci, i.e., the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) as well as the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB2) genes. The pathogenicity of N. parvum was demonstrated by wound inoculating two lemon cultivars, ‘Femminello 2kr’ and ‘Monachello’, as well as citrange (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata) ‘Carrizo’ rootstock. In artificial inoculations, the fungus was very aggressive on lemons and weakly virulent on citrange, consistently with symptoms observed in the field as a consequence of natural infections. This is the first report of N. parvum, both in a wide and in a strict taxonomic sense, as a pathogen of lemon in Italy.
... Reports of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with various hosts have increased worldwide in recent years. In Italy, this family is common and widespread on a broad range of hosts, and is an increasing concern for agri-cultural crops and urban and natural forest ecosystems (Burruano et al., 2008;Linaldeddu et al., 2014Linaldeddu et al., , 2016Dissanayake et al., 2016b;). The disease of cactus pear caused by N. batangarum was noticed for the first time in Linosa more than 45 years ago (Somma et al., 1973), and at that time it was widespread and had been established for many years. ...
This study characterizes a fungal disease of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica, Cactaceae), reported from the minor islands of Sicily. The disease, originally named ‘gummy canker’, was first reported in 1973 from Linosa, a small island of the Pelagian archipelago, south of Sicily. The causal agent was identified as Dothiorella ribis (currently
Neofusicoccum ribis, Botryosphaeriaceae). In a recent survey the disease has been found to be widespread in minor islands around Sicily, including Lampedusa, Linosa, Favignana and Ustica. The causal agent was identified in Botryosphaeriaceae as Neofusicoccum
batangarum on the basis of the phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences from ITS, tef1 and tub2 sequences, and the disease was renamed ‘scabby canker’, which describes the typical symptoms on cactus pear cladodes. In artificial inoculations, N. batangarum induced symptoms on cactus pear cladodes identical to those observed in
naturally infected plants. The fungus also induced cankers on artificially wound-inoculated stems of several common Mediterranean plants including Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), almond (Prunus dulcis), sweet orange (Citrus × sinensis), citrange (Citrus sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata) and holm oak (Quercus ilex), indicating that the pathogen has a wide potential host range. Isolates of N. batangarum from cactus pear from several small islands around Sicily were genetically uniform, as inferred from microsatellite primed (MSP)-PCR electrophoretic profiles, suggesting the pathogen populations in these islands have a common origin. A preliminary report of the identity of
the causal agent of this disease has been published as the first record of N. batangarum in Europe and on cactus pear worldwide.
... In preliminary cross-pathogenicity tests, the fungus isolated from infected cactus pear plants in minor islands of Sicily was able to reproduce the disease symptoms on the host plant and to induce a disease reaction on other plant species, such as Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), almond (Prunus dulcis), sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), citrange (Citrus sinesis Poncirus trifoliata), and holm oak (Quercus ilex) trees. These results show that N. batangarum has a wide host range like many other Botryosphaeriaceae species, which are frequently reported as causal agents of different important crop diseases, including the grapevine Botryosphaeria dieback [11][12][13][14][15]. ...
Six phytotoxins were obtained from the culture filtrates of the ascomycete Neofusicoccum batangarum, the causal agent of the scabby canker of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) in minor Sicily islands. The phytotoxins were identified as (-)-(R)-mellein (1); (±)-botryoisocoumarin A (2); (-)-(3R,4R)- and (-)-(3R,4S)-4-hydroxymellein (3 and 4); (-)-terpestacin (5); and (+)-3,4-dihydro-4,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin, which we named (+)-neoisocoumarin (6). This identification was done by comparing their spectral and optical data with those already reported in literature. The absolute configuration (3R,4S) to (+)-neoisocoumarin (6) was determined using the advanced Mosher method. All six metabolites were shown to have phytotoxicity on the host (cactus pear) and non-host (tomato) plants, and the most active compounds were (±)-botryoisocoumarin A (2), (-)-terpestacin (5), and (+)-neoisocoumarin (6).
... The other type is pigmented before discharged from the conidiomata and mostly remains aseptate (Phillips et al. , 2012. Phillips et al. (2013) accepted 17 species of Diplodia known from culture and Dissanayake et al. (2016) accepted 26 species. The genus currently comprises 36 species (Alves et al. 2014;Linaldeddu et al. 2016;Yang et al. 2017;Jayasiri et al. 2019). ...
The order Botryosphaeriales includes many latent fungal pathogens with a wide range of woody hosts. The taxonomy of these pathogens has been difficult due to the use of poorly informing markers in phylogenetic analyses and the lack of good morphological characters. Many genera and families in this order have not yet been systematically studied in different hosts and from different regions. In this study, a total of 29 fungal strains from the Aplosporellaceae and Botryosphaeriaceae were isolated from branches or twigs with symptoms of canker and dieback disease in Mount Yudu of China. Morphology and multigene analyses (ITS, LSU and TEF1-α) indicated five distinct lineages, including Aplosporella javeedii, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia quercicola sp. nov., Phaeobotryon aplospora sp. nov. and Phaeobotryon rhois. Diplodia quercicola is characterized by multiloculate conidiomata, producing oblong to cylindrical, thick-walled, hyaline, aseptate conidia. Phaeobotryon aplospora is characterized by pulvinate, multiloculate conidiomata, producing ellipsoid to oblong, brown, aseptate conidia. The new species differ from related species phylogenetically and ecologically and in morphological features.
... The species of Dothiorella are considered weak pathogens or endophytes of different woody plants worldwide [64]; however, some species, such as Do. iberica, can cause branch cankers on oak trees [65,66]. ...
The black-banded oak borer, Coraebus florentinus, is an emerging pest of oak trees in the western Mediterranean region. Larvae of the insect are xylophagous and progressively excavate an annular gallery that interrupts sap flow, resulting in the death of the attacked branches. Until now, limited information has been available regarding the ecological interactions between C. florentinus and the main plant pathogenic fungi involved in the etiology of oak decline. Knowledge of these interactions is important in understanding their impact in natural ecosystems and developing appropriate management strategies. Therefore, in this study, we characterized the fungal communities occurring in the exoskeleton of adults and larvae of C. florentinus and associated with the necrotic wood tissues surrounding the branch galleries of declining oak trees. A total of 29 fungal species were identified based on DNA sequence data and morphological features, of which 14 were from symptomatic woody tissues, six from insect exoskeleton, and nine from both insects and symptomatic wood tissues. The most frequent fungal species, Cryphonectria naterciae (15.9% of isolates), Dothiorella iberica (11.3%), and Diplodia corticola (9.9%), were isolated from both insect and gallery systems. All three species are well-known oak pathogens and are reported here, for the first time, to be associated with C. florentinus. At the same time, 89.6% of the fungal taxa were isolated from one or two sites, highlighting the site-dependence of fungal community assemblages.
