FIGURE 3 - uploaded by John P. Friel
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Dorsal view of dorsal fin and associated structures. A. Amaralia oviraptor, ANSP 197190, 104 mm SL. B. Amaralia hypsiura, INPA32338, 80.6 mm SL. Scale bar = 2 mm. 1–3FR, first to third dorsal-fin ray; MNP, middle nuchal plate; and PNP, posterior nuchal plate.
Source publication
A new species of the banjo catfish genus Amaralia is described from the Paraná-Paraguay River Basin in central-western Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina. Amaralia oviraptor is distinguished from its single and allopatric congener, Amaralia hypsiura, by the greater number of dorsal-fin rays (3 vs. 2); by the absence of lateral contact between...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... bones. Pterotic with laterally expanded bony shelf, lateralmost portion rounded followed posteriorly by pronounced concavity. Premaxilla somewhat rectangular in shape, with teeth attached throughout most of its ventral surface. Dentary robust, deepest at coronoid process, tapering anteromedially ( Dorsal fin with three rays, without spinelet (Fig. 3A). First ray unbranched, spinous, followed by two branched rays. Last dorsal-fin ray free from back, not adnate. Anterior nuchal plate absent, middle nuchal plate contacting posterior nuchal plate laterally (Fig. 3A). Posterior nuchal plate not developed laterally, lateral margin extending slightly beyond contact with middle nuchal ...
Context 2
... ventral surface. Dentary robust, deepest at coronoid process, tapering anteromedially ( Dorsal fin with three rays, without spinelet (Fig. 3A). First ray unbranched, spinous, followed by two branched rays. Last dorsal-fin ray free from back, not adnate. Anterior nuchal plate absent, middle nuchal plate contacting posterior nuchal plate laterally (Fig. 3A). Posterior nuchal plate not developed laterally, lateral margin extending slightly beyond contact with middle nuchal plate. Pectoral fin with rigid spine and five to six (modally five) branched soft rays, except for last ray unbranched. Pectoral-fin spine slightly curved along its main axis, bearing fine ridges on ventral and dorsal ...
Context 3
... the number of rays in the anal (five or six), caudal (nine), and more pronounced, in the dorsal fin. Within Amaralia species, an even more pronounced reduction of the dorsal fin and its associated elements is observed in A. hypsiura that has just two fin rays and reduced posterior and middle nuchal plates that do not contact each other laterally (Fig. 3B). Furthermore, a truncated development of the 1 st dorsal-fin ray is observed in large (>100 mm SL) individuals of A. hypsiura, which have relative shorter 1 st dorsal-fin ray for their respective sizes. FIGURE 8. Distribution of Amaralia oviraptor in the Paraná-Paraguay River Basins; white symbol indicates the type locality. ...
Citations
... Within Aspredinoidea, the highest degree of fusion occurs in Aspredinidae, the oldest of the three families. In Aspredinidae, the parhypural is fused to hypurals 1 and 2 (PH+HY1+2) and the three dorsal hypurals are fused into a solid plate (HY3+4+5) (Lundberg, Baskin, 1969;Friel, 1994;de Pinna, Ng, 2004;Friel, Carvalho, 2016;MHS, pers. obs.). ...
... Within Aspredinoidea, the highest degree of fusion occurs in Aspredinidae, the oldest of the three families. In Aspredinidae, the parhypural is fused to hypurals 1 and 2 (PH+HY1+2) and the three dorsal hypurals are fused into a solid plate (HY3+4+5) (Lundberg, Baskin, 1969;Friel, 1994;de Pinna, Ng, 2004;Friel, Carvalho, 2016;MHS, pers. obs.). ...
We propose a revised classification of Doradidae based on phylogenetic analyses of sequence data for one nuclear (rag1) and two mitochondrial (co1, 16s) genes, and corroborated by caudal-fin morphology. The molecular dataset comprises 174 doradid specimens representing all 31 valid genera, 83 of the 96 valid extant species and 17 species-level taxa that remain undescribed or nominally unassigned. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses of molecular data support six major lineages of doradids assigned here to three nominal subfamilies (Astrodoradinae, Doradinae, Wertheimerinae) and three new ones (Acanthodoradinae, Agamyxinae, Rhinodoradinae). The maximum parsimony topology of Doradidae was sensitive to ingroup density and outgroup age. With the exceptions of Astrodoradinae and Doradinae, each subfamily is diagnosed by caudal-fin characteristics. The highest degree of fusion among skeletal elements supporting the caudal fin is observed in Acanthodoradinae and Aspredinidae, lineages that are sister to the remaining doradids and aspredinoids (i.e., Auchenipteridae + Doradidae), respectively. Fusion among caudal-fin elements tends to be higher in taxa with rounded, truncate or emarginate tails and such taxa typically occupy shallow, lentic habitats with ample structure. Caudal-fin elements are more separated in taxa with moderately to deeply forked tails that occupy lotic habitats in medium to large river channels.
... Measurements are expressed as percent of the standard length (SL), except subunits of head, expressed as percent of the head length (HL). The measurements follow Friel (1995) and Cardoso (2010), except for cleithral-process length, which was taken from the anterior margin of the cleithrum, on its lateral anteriorly projected process, to the posterior tip of the cleithral process (Carvalho et al., 2015;Friel and Carvalho, 2016). ...
... This scarcity in fish collections is often the case for most species of Aspredinidae that inhabit river channels (Carvalho et al., , 2017a, but is less the case for aspredinids inhabiting streams or backwater habitats, which are relatively more well represented in fish collections. This rare sampling may support a narrow distribution and endemism of the new species compared to other aspredinids inhabiting similar habitats in the Amazon lowlands that have wider distributions (e.g., Amaralia: Friel and Carvalho, 2016;Bunocephalus: Mees, 1989;and Pseudobunocephalus: Leão et al., 2019). ...
A second species of Acanthobunocephalus is described from tributaries of the lower Purus River in the Amazon Basin, Brazil. Acanthobunocephalus scruggsi, new species, is distinguished from all other aspredinid species by its reduced number of fin rays: four pectoral-fin rays (vs. five or more), two dorsal-fin rays (vs. three or more, except Amaralia hypsiura), five pelvic-fin rays (vs. six), four to five anal-fin rays (vs. six or more, except Bunocephalus verrucosus), and nine caudal-fin rays (vs. 10, except Hoplomyzontinae, Amaralia, Platystacus, Bunocephalus chamaizelus, and Bunocephalus minerim). Osteological aspects of the new species of Acanthobunocephalus are described using cleared and stained specimens and high-resolution x-ray computed tomography (HRXCT), and compared with Acanthobunocephalus nicoi and other aspredinids. Generic assignment is based on putative apomorphic shared features and a morphological diagnosis for Acanthobunocephalus is presented.
... Measurements are expressed as percents of the standard length (SL), except subunits of head, which are expressed as percents of the head length (HL). The measurements follow Friel (1995) and Cardoso (2010); except for cleithral process length, which was taken from the anterior margin of the cleithrum, on its lateral anteriorly projected process, to the posterior tip of the cleithral process (Carvalho et al., 2015;Friel & Carvalho, 2016). ...
Pseudobunocephalus timbira, new species, is described from streams of the lower Tocantins and the Mearim river drainages, in North and Northeast of Brazil. Pseudobunocephalus timbira can be distinguished from all congeners by having the second hypobranchial and the third basibranchial cartilaginous (vs. ossified). Additionally, it can be dintinguished from P. lundbergi by the following putative apomorphic features within Pseudobunocephalus: posterolateral process of premaxilla present (vs. absent); bony knobs in dorsal lamina of Weberian apparatus absent (vs. present); distal end of posterior margin of 5th parapophysis not enlarged (vs. enlarged); number of ribs three (vs. four or five) and infraorbital sensory canal entering neurocranium via frontal (vs. via sphenotic). It is distinguished from P. bifidus and P. iheringii by having a gracile body not surpassing 34 mm SL (vs. robust body, reaching up to 59 mm SL, respectively); by having the posterior margin of cranial fontanel concave (vs. posterior margin somewhat straight with parieto-supraoccipital extending anteriorly); by having a conspicuous knobby ornamentation on dorsal surface of skull (vs. skull knobs slightly pronounced); by having Weberian ventral blade of hemal canal opened (vs. closed) and by the absence of serrations on the proximal portion of the anterior margin of pectoral-fin spine (vs. serrations covering entire anterior margin of the pectoral spine). Additionally, it can be distinguished from P. amazonicus, P. rugosus and P. quadriradiatus, by having the posterolateral mental barbel with at least one fleshy lobe located proximally along the posterior margin (vs. posterolateral mental barbel simple, not having fleshy lobes). It also differs from P. amazonicus and P. rugosus by having five branchiostegal rays (vs. four). It also can be distinguished from P. amazonicus by having the contact of hyomandibula cartilage with neurocranium limited to the sphenotic (vs. extending to both sphenotic and pterotic); by having the ventral blade of Weberian apparatus open (vs. closed) and by anterior exit of hemal canal in abdominal vertebra (vs. in complex vertebra); from P. rugosus by coloration of proximal portion of caudal fin similar to rest of caudal fin (vs. clear patch) and from P. quadriradiatus by the total number of pectoral fin-rays six (vs. five). Variable characteristics within Pseudobunocephalus species are summarized and comments on the phylogenetic relationships and the disjunct distribution of the new species are made. [Species zoobank url: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:392F95E0-86E1-4386-8779-C4F71098DBCC]
... Dorsal fin with I,2 rays, pectoral fin with I,5 or 6 rays, pelvic fin with 6 rays and anal fin with 5 or 6 rays (Friel, Carvalho, 2016). Ground color brown; series of light-beige spots on distal portions of tubercles; fins dark-brown with light-beige distal margins. ...
... Amaralia oviraptor was identified as Amaralia sp. by . Friel, Carvalho (2016) described the new species from the Paraná-Paraguay system. Body deep; greatest body depth contained 4.5 to 5.0 times in SL; head length 3.1 to 3.6, anal-fin base length 3.3 to 3.9 in SL; snout length 1.5 to 1.8, horizontal orbital diameter 12.5 to 15.1, least interorbital width 6.2 to 7.5 in HL; and orbital diameter 6.7 to 7.3 in interorbital width. ...
The book “Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes” represents the most cohesive data compilation for the rio Paraná floodplain. However, considering the dynamicity of the taxonomy of freshwater fishes, several new records and taxonomic changes occurred along the past years. Therefore, the results of that publication were revisited, providing an update of the species list, their taxonomic status, records and geographic distribution, and also new keys for genera and species. The species included were those recorded in the rio Paraná basin, from the mouth of the rio Paranapanema to the Itaipu Reservoir, following the general methodology presented in the book. A total of 10 orders, 41 families, 126 genera, and 211 species were registered, with an increase of one order, six families, 14 genera, and 29 species when compared to the book. Additionally, four new genera recently described, five synonymization proposals, 14 new identifications, four new combinations, 12 new species recently described, 34 new records, and nine misidentified species were recorded. These results are associated with the redirection of human and financial resources to that area, which enabled monitoring and intensive exploration of its watercourses; as well as training of taxonomists, and new taxonomic resolutions.
... X YLIPHIUS Eigenmann, 1912 is one of 13 genera of Aspredinidae, a family with about 43 valid species commonly known as banjo catfishes (Friel, 2003;Carvalho et al., 2015;Friel and Carvalho, 2016). Including the new taxon described here, Xyliphius contains seven valid species distributed in major watersheds throughout South America, such as the Magdalena, Maracaibo, Orinoco, Amazon, Paraná-Paraguay, and Tocantins (Friel, 2003;Figueiredo and Britto, 2010). ...
Xyliphius sofiae, new species, is described based on a unique specimen exhibiting four autapomorphies: eyes absent vs. present (though reduced); color pale, lacking pigment vs. head and body darkly pigmented; branchiostegal rays five vs. four; and unculiferous tubercles on posterior body distributed evenly vs. enlarged unculiferous tubercles typically arranged in five distinct rows above pelvic-fin base to posterior end of caudal peduncle. In addition, the pectoral fin of X. sofiae, new species, has one ossified proximal radial vs. two in congeners (except X. magdalenae, not examined). Xyliphius sofiae, new species, differs from all congeners except X. lepturus by snout tip elongated and narrowly rounded vs. short and broadly rounded, often with small median notch; fifth ceratobranchial relatively narrow with elongate acicular teeth vs. broadly expanded, leaf-shaped, with shorter and broader, conical teeth; anterior limits of branchial apertures separated by distance less than length of aperture vs. greater than length of aperture; anal-fin rays modally nine vs. seven; and lateral line extending onto base of caudal-fin rays vs. finishing in hypural region. Based on the single specimen collected in the main channel of the Río Amazonas near Iquitos, Peru, we describe the osteology of X. sofiae, new species, using a non-invasive technique: high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (HRXCT). We consider Xyliphius lombarderoi Risso and Risso, 1964, a species based on a unique holotype that is now lost, to be a subjective junior synonym of X. barbatus Alonso de Arámburu and Arámburu, 1962. Variable characteristics are summarized for the seven species of Xyliphius treated here as valid, and their distributions are plotted based on a comprehensive review of museum specimens. © 2017 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.
... The genus Micromyzon belongs to the Aspredinidae, a moderately diverse South American family of catfishes that contains 45 valid species distributed in 13 genera (Friel, 2003;Eschemeyer and Fong, 2016;Friel and Carvalho, 2016;Carvalho et al., in press a,b). Micromyzon is also included within the aspredinid tribe Hoplomyzontini, a peculiar group characterized by small body size, body armor formed by dorsal and ventral vertebral processes, and expanded lateral-line ossicles (Fernández-Yepéz, 1953;Taphorn and Marrero, 1990;Friel and Lundberg, 1996). ...
... In addition to the material listed in previous publications (Carvalho et al., 2015, in press a, b;and Friel and Carvalho, 2016), the following lots of Micromyzon akamai were examined: all from Brazil. ANSP 180358, 2, 14.2-15.4 ...
A new species of the aspredinid catfish tribe Hoplomyzontini Micromyzon is described from two specimens collected with trawl nets in two localities, at 10 and 18 m depth, in the main channel of the lower Orinoco River in Venezuela almost 40 years ago. The new species is distinguished from its only congener, Micromyzon akamai, by the: straight anterior margin of the mesethmoid; open posterior cranial fontanel; ossified first pectoral-fin radial; single tubular infraorbital bone; infraorbital sensory canal entering neurocranium via the frontal; enclosed foramen for the abductor superficialis muscle in the coracoid; higher vertebral count (33 vs. 28–32); higher anal-fin ray count (10 or 11 vs. 7–9); and some morphometric features. The holotype of the new species was scanned using High-Resolution X-ray Computed Tomography to illustrate, describe, and compare its bony skeleton to other hoplomyzontins.
The Colombian Amazon region is part of the Neotropical rainforest (humid forest biome) covering an area of 483,163 km2 and includes tributaries of both the Amazon and Orinoco River basins. The aquatic ecosystems found there include: rivers and alluvial plains originating in Andean headwaters, on eroded soils of tropical forests in the lowlands, and Guiana Shield formations, comprising a dense fluvial drainage network in the lowlands, with Paleogene/Neogene geological formations (terra firme streams in higher places that don’t usually flood) and Paleozoic (shield streams); and Andean and Guiana Shield streams above 200–250 m a.s.l. We present here an exhaustive compilation of published information, supported by fish collections, consisting of a list of 1104 species distributed in 375 genera, 53 families, and 16 orders. We include occurrence data of these species in each sub-basin. The presence/absence species matrix was analyzed using a dendrogram and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis to identify patterns of similarity between basins and sub-basins. We evaluated species composition between basins and among the different geological origins using PERMANOVA. The dendrogram shows co-occurrences of 404 species in the two basins. It also shows two clear groupings of the sub-basins of the Amazon (except Guainía-Negro drainages) and those of the Orinoco. Within the Amazon Basin, there are two nodes according to the geological origin: systems of Andean origin and those of the lowlands. The dendrogram results are consistent with the NMDS analysis, which shows a clear grouping according to the connectivity of the basins; the Guainía-Negro is included in the Amazon basin. Species distribution patterns were supported by the PERMANOVA, and differed significantly between basins (F = 4.3, R = 0.26, P = 0.003) and geological origin (F = 3.6, R = 0.23, P = 0.003). The number of species in this study represents almost a fifth of the ichthyofauna of the Neotropics and about a third of that of the Amazon River basin; clearly supporting Colombia’s status among the countries with the greatest diversity of freshwater fish species of the planet. We include here a significant number of new records (75 spp), provide a first approximation of the distribution patterns, and a framework for future biogeographical studies.
In only six months 14 changes have been registered which alter the list of freshwater fishes found in Argentina. The total number of species has increased to 562 by two new species and two first records. One of the latter was yet another exotic species, Geophagus sveni, that has been detected in Argentina’s waters. Three resurrections from synonymies have been neutralized by three negative records for species listed for Argentina erroneously in the past. Also, four new combination have no influence on the total count. The single paper which most changes has been the description of the trichomycterid genus Cambeva to which four species have been transferred fom Trichomycterus.
Since the last update from October 2017, we have registered again a dozen of changes influencing the list of freshwater fishes found in Argentina. The total number of species has increased to 558 caused by five first records, six new species and one negative record, a species listed for Argentina erroneously in the past. One synonymization did not influence the total count.
In difference to the past, characiforms and catfishes are not the main drivers anymore, but the movement has switched more towards cichlids and cyprinodontiforms. Another new Gymnotus has been described based on material from Argentina and, also noteworthy, yet another Tararira. Unfortunately also another species of sturgeon has been recorded from Argentinean freshwaters.
