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Dorsal and ventral views of male lizards from populations involved in translocations made by Eisentraut. (A) Bleda Plana islet. Lizards are dorsally melanistic in this population, with blue bellies and flanks spotted with grey marks. (B) Dau gran islet. Lizards are dorsally dark blue with a clear tendency to melanism. Ventral parts are blue and sparsely spotted with darker marks.(C) Negra Llevant islet. Lizards from this islet are dorsally green, spotted with large black marks and stripes. The upper parts of flanks are a mixture of brown areas spotted with greenish and yellowish marks. Bellies are yellowish, with blue and green spots, especially in outer ventral scales.(D) Escull Vermell islet. Lizards from this islet are dorsally melanistic, with only small lighter spots in the flanks. Ventrally, lizards are dark blue with black marks covering the entire surface of the throat. (E) Ibiza Island. Lizards are extremely variable, but most of them have dorsally aligned black spots or stripes on a green background. Bellies are cream or slightly orange with small black and bluish spots. (F) Es Vaixell islet. Lizards from this islet are dorsally melanistic, with dark blue spots in the flanks and very dark blue bellies (see more details in the text).
Source publication
The Ibizan wall lizard, Podarcis pityusensis, was the subject of several documented translocations by the German vertebrate zoologist Martin Eisentraut, in 1930. He aimed to initiate long-term experiments into the evolution of melanism and other morphological traits and accordingly he designed introductions into five islets that (he believed) conta...
Contexts in source publication
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... Dorsolateral lines can be dull golden or greenish. Ventrally, lizards are dark blue with green nuances. In some males, we observed rounded signal blue ocelli in outer ventral scales. The throat was profusely reticu- lated with signal black spots on a greenish or bluish background. Black spots are broadly aligned on sub- maxillary scales (Fig. ...
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... compared Negra Llevant lizards ( Fig. 2C) with the closest lizards from adjacent sites on Ibiza Island (Fig. 2E) and lizards from Bleda Plana ( Fig. 2A), the source of Eisentraut's translocated individuals. We found that adult males from Negra Llevant were signifi- cantly larger than those from Ibiza, but similar in size to those from Bleda Plana (one-way ANOVA of adult male ...
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... compared Negra Llevant lizards ( Fig. 2C) with the closest lizards from adjacent sites on Ibiza Island (Fig. 2E) and lizards from Bleda Plana ( Fig. 2A), the source of Eisentraut's translocated individuals. We found that adult males from Negra Llevant were signifi- cantly larger than those from Ibiza, but similar in size to those from Bleda Plana (one-way ANOVA of adult male SVL from the three populations: F 2,198 = 35.64, P = 6.04 × 10 -14 , ...
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... compared Negra Llevant lizards ( Fig. 2C) with the closest lizards from adjacent sites on Ibiza Island (Fig. 2E) and lizards from Bleda Plana ( Fig. 2A), the source of Eisentraut's translocated individuals. We found that adult males from Negra Llevant were signifi- cantly larger than those from Ibiza, but similar in size to those from Bleda Plana (one-way ANOVA of adult male SVL from the three populations: F 2,198 = 35.64, P = 6.04 × 10 -14 , see also Table S2). However, lizards from ...
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... first visit to Es Vaixell was in 2010 when we made the first observation of lizards on this islet. (This was followed by visits in 2013 and 2014.) Relatively high population density was detected (allowing us to study over 65 individuals). Males and females were melanistic (Fig. 2F), but we observed a light yellowish or dull golden nuance in the back, which clearly contrasted with bluish flanks in 62.5% of individuals (instead of a uniform very dark blue or fully black color). We did not observe any greenish dorsal coloration, as is common in lizards from neighbouring populations, such as those from Na Bosc islet. ...
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... The throat was profusely reticulated with signal black spots on an ultramarine blue background. The black color of the throat is more intense and with better defined spots than in Na Gorra lizards. In addition, black spots are more or less aligned on submaxillary scales in lizards from Es Vaixell, but not in lizards from Na Gorra and Na Bosc (Fig. ...
Citations
... This is consequence of the process of radial dispersion by following an ordered array of islands (i.e., from the closest to the furthest). This is to be expected considering that very few populations of endemic squamates had anthropogenic origins (Lo Cascio et al., 2006;Pérez-Mellado et al., 2017). The regression models demonstrated the importance of the spatial component in the dispersal patterns. ...
Mediterranean islands have a high diversity of squamates, although they are unevenly distributed. This variability in the composition of the reptile assemblages across islands may have been influenced by differences in the colonization abilities of these species. To evaluate the dispersal capacities of squamate species, we modeled their
sea routes using cost surface models. We estimated the effects of some life-history traits and the phylogenetic signal in the characteristics of the modeled dispersal paths. We hypothesized that a significant phylogenetic signal should be present if the
dispersal ability is enhanced by traits shared among evolutionarily related species. The results showed that no phylogenetic signal was present in the characteristics of the dispersal paths (i.e., in the distance traveled/bypassed sea depth). Thus, no superior island-colonizer lineages were detected in Mediterranean Squamata. However, our analyses also revealed that small-sized lizards were superior to other groups of squamates at dispersing over long distances on the sea.
... XX la especie fue objeto de un intenso comercio ilegal, como indica la confiscación de 1334 ejemplares en Reino Unido entre 1986 y 1989 que fueron liberados posteriormente en distintas localidades de Eivissa y Formentera, según información del Govern Balear. Es muy probable que existan ejemplares en colecciones privadas y no declaradas en Alemania, Reino Unido y Estados Unidos (Pérez-Mellado, 2004 (Eisentraut, 1930(Eisentraut, , 1949 de los cuales solo parece haber tenido éxito la realizada en Es Dau Gran (Pérez-Mellado et al., 2017). En Mallorca hay poblaciones introducidas en Ses Illetes (Bahía de Palma), en la muralla de la ciudad de Palma (Mayol, 1985), en Cala Ratjada, al este de la isla de Mallorca (Fritz, 1992) y una dudosa población en el Cap Formentor, al nordeste de la isla (Butlle, 1986). ...
... Respecto al origen de los ejemplares de Dénia, las muestras se agruparon algo más estrechamente con las de Formentera (Figura 2), al contrario de las del País Vasco, que se agruparon con las de Eivissa. No obstante, conviene indicar que, si bien estudios de genética poblacional ya habían detectado esta estructuración geográfica , también existen buenas evidencias de flujo ge-nético reciente entre estos grupos para las islas mayores, lo que sugiere que las translocaciones han desempeñado un papel importante en esta especie (Pérez-Mellado et al., 2017). De este modo, no puede descartarse que en la población de origen exista mezcla genética. ...
New peninsular population of the Pitiusas lizard, Podarcis pityusensis
Continuació del llistat de Bibliografia Naturalística de les Balears
