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Doppler ultrasound images of the lower right limb showing a superficial vein thrombosis (SVT). Anterior accessory saphenous vein (AASV), great saphenous vein (GSV), common femoral vein (CFV), and common femoral artery (CFA) in the Doppler ultrasound images of the lower right limb
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In December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a series of pneumonia cases caused by an unknown origin, discovered in Wuhan, China. A dangerous virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a disease named acute respiratory syndrome, which was later popularly called coronavirus infection (COVID-19...
Citations
... 13 Thrombosis of superficial veins has also been reported. 14,15 These venous thromboses have sometimes been observed as superficial thrombophlebitis. 16 In this report, we present a case of histologically confirmed external auditory canal arterial thrombosis after COVID-19. ...
Thrombosis is a characteristic symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we present a case of external ear stenosis caused by arterial thrombosis after COVID-19 infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of external ear stenosis related to COVID-19. A 62-year-old man presented with left hearing loss. The patient had a history of hospitalization for COVID-19 treatment 11 months prior to visiting our hospital. He had been experiencing ear fullness and tinnitus after COVID-19 treatment. Physical examination revealed severe left external ear canal stenosis with a subcutaneous mass. Surgical removal of the subcutaneous mass was performed. Histopathological analysis revealed that a subcutaneous thrombosis caused the external ear canal stenosis. This case describes an unusual case of external ear canal stenosis after COVID-19. Clinical and pathological findings indicate that COVID-19 affected the external ear canal. In addition, histopathological results confirmed the formation of arterial thrombosis in the temporal bone region after COVID-19 treatment. This case shows the broad range of body sites that can be involved with thrombotic events with COVID including the subcutaneous tissue around the outer ear. This observation would be helpful in investigating or explaining the various otological symptoms of COVID-19.
... Hesam-Shariati et al. reported a case of great saphenous vein thrombosis in a young man who was diagnosed with COVID pneumonia and was found to have evidence at the beginning of the greater saphenous vein of the right leg from distal to proximal on Doppler US. The patient was treated with anticoagulation without any complications afterward [11]. This is similar to our patient's diagnosis; however, our patient had COVID infection without pneumonia and had been treated in an outpatient setting, keeping in mind that no hospitalization is part of the thrombosis risk factor. ...
On 30 January 2020, the Director-General declared that the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), and on 11 March 2020, it was characterized as a pandemic. Since then, patients with COVID-19 infection are commonly reported to have an increased risk of thrombosis in various blood vessels due to hypercoagulability, blood stasis, and endothelial damage. In this study, we will present a case of a pregnant lady who was evaluated for right leg pain that started one week after having upper respiratory tract symptoms and COVID-19 infection confirmed by the COVID antigen (Ag) test. Further investigation with Doppler ultrasound (US) revealed complete right great saphenous vein thrombosis. This suggests that COVID-19 may lead to other adverse effects through damage to blood vessels.
... In other studies of COVID-19 patients, Hesam-Shariati et al. and Debela et al. reported patients presenting with typical symptoms of DVT involving leg swelling, redness, calf tenderness, and decreased limb mobility [12,13]. While our patient was clinically asymptomatic, DVT was suspected based on persistently elevated Ddimer levels for several weeks post-recovery and confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography. ...
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to be a devastating disease for the elderly population, especially in long-term care facilities, and it presents with varying clinical presentations. We have ample evidence that COVID-19 can predispose to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) during an active infection. Still, very few cases of DVT have been reported after recovery from COVID-19.
The imbalance of the coagulation cascade and the increased release of certain coagulation factors play an essential role in promoting hypercoagulability and vascular endothelial dysfunction. It leads to a rise in the level of fibrin degradation products, D-dimers, which can remain elevated for up to several weeks, even after recovery. It has been suggested that the risk of DVT occurring after recovering from COVID-19 remains high for up to three months.
We report a case of a 77-year-old long-term care female resident at a nursing facility, ambulatory at baseline, who was noted to be COVID-19 positive upon routine facility-wide testing per department of health guidelines. She was asymptomatic during her 10-day quarantine period. D-dimer levels during routine labs were high (initial D-dimer level of 1.87 mg/L FEU {normal value: 0.19-0.52 mg/L FEU}), but the patient had no clinical signs and symptoms of DVT. Ultrasound of the bilateral legs was not performed due to low clinical suspicion. The patient received an enoxaparin DVT prophylaxis dose during the quarantine period. Follow-up D-dimer levels were done at frequent intervals after recovery, but D-dimer levels continued to remain elevated up till six weeks after her 10-day quarantine period ended. Based on previous experience with other long-term care residents who suffered from COVID-19, bilateral lower extremity ultrasound was performed, which showed bilateral DVT.
Elevated D-dimer levels are a predictor of hypercoagulation complications in COVID-19. Patients with persistently elevated D-dimer levels after recovery from COVID-19 should be screened for thromboembolic complications, even if they are asymptomatic. DVT can occur up to three months post-recovery from COVID-19 infection.
... COVID 19 disease causes thrombosis risk which could be explained as a result of complex systemic inflammatory response, excessive coagulation status, blood stasis, and endothelial dysfunction following SARS-CoV-2 infection [9,10]. There have been several cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) reported in the literature following COVID 19 infection. ...
... There have been several cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) reported in the literature following COVID 19 infection. A case has been reported in literature where a COVID 19 patient developed SVT of Great Saphenous Vein (GSV) [9]. The patient had no risk factors for SVT, but he was diagnosed with SVT of GSV of the right leg via ultrasound examination [9]. ...
... A case has been reported in literature where a COVID 19 patient developed SVT of Great Saphenous Vein (GSV) [9]. The patient had no risk factors for SVT, but he was diagnosed with SVT of GSV of the right leg via ultrasound examination [9]. In our case both patients tested negative on both RT-PCR and COVID 19 antigen tests. ...
Highlights/Take-away message 1. The Chimpanzee Adenovirus-vectored Vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine) has been widely used in Himalayan Country, Nepal and India. 2. Apart from other minor side effects, delayed thromboses in superficial vein have been reported after vaccination of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and they may be the consequences of vaccination though larger study is needed to verify them. 3. Superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) should be an additional adverse effect to be mentioned in the list of adverse events associated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Covishield, vaccine. 4. The benefits of the vaccine in breaking the chain of COVID 19 spread are certainly greater than the risk of thromboses.
Since the start of the pandemic, thrombotic events have been a well‐known and severe complication associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Nevertheless, the initiation of vaccination programs brought another rare yet highly fatal thrombotic event, vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopaenia, which has caused extensive debate regarding the safety of vaccines. This review defines the thromboembolic events following infection and vaccination, identifies their risk factors, describes their pathophysiology, and discusses their management, treatment, and prevention.
