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Division of hyponatremia with regard to body fluids volume
Source publication
Introduction. Hyponatremia is an important part of psychiatric practice. In order to analyze its causes and symptoms, the literature on hyponatremia in psychiatric patients has been reviewed. The work has been divided into two separate manuscripts. In the first one the authors discuss the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SI...
Similar publications
A woman in her late sixties presented with severe hyponatremia and acute kidney injury (AKI) as consequence of psychogenic polydipsia and acute urinary retention due to urinary tract infection. Urinary catheterization promptly drained 5.5 L of urine with resulting polyuria, leading to an initial swift raise in plasma (P) sodium concentration, disre...
Citations
... The most common ones are sodium-related electrolyte disturbances (hyponatremia and hypernatremia), and potassium-related abnormalities (hypokalemia and hyperkalemia). Electrolyte disturbances occur frequently among hospitalized patients [4] including those in psychiatry wards [5,6]. The prevalence of these abnormalities is higher in patients with severe general health conditions [7]. ...
Introduction:
Electrolyte disturbances related to sodium and potassium affect patients with mental disorders undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The objective of this study was to systematically summarize the data regarding ECT and electrolyte disturbances related to sodium and potassium.
Materials and methods:
A systematic literature review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Clinical studies of patients receiving ECT with electrolyte disturbances reported before or after treatment were included.
Results:
We identified nine case reports and two retrospective studies describing electrolyte abnormalities occurring before or after ECT. ECT was effective and safe in patients with hyponatremia and hypernatremia, including the elderly patient population. This treatment was also effective in treating psychiatric symptoms that may persist after ionic equalization. Electrolyte disturbances after ECT were rare. Reports have suggested that succinylcholine used as a muscle relaxant was the main cause of hyperkalemia after ECT.
Conclusions:
Electrolyte control is a crucial aspect of guiding ECT therapy. In the context of sodium-related disorders, it is critical to control patient hydration as part of therapy. In addition, succinylcholine should not be used in patients with immobilization, such as catatonia or neuroleptic malignant syndrome. It is necessary to conduct further studies to clarify whether electrolyte concentration affects ECT parameters and clinical efficacy. In addition, it is necessary to assess the influence of various anesthetics on these conditions during ECT. The result of this review should be interpreted bearing in mind the small number of studies conducted to date and the low quality of the evidence they provide.
... Frequently, the inappropriate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone syndrome (SIADH) is incriminated ( Figure 1) [12,13]. The nonhypotonic hyponatremia (isotonic or hypertonic) [4], as a dilutional hNa [14], is generated by the accumulation of effective osmoles in the plasma concentration, replacing the water from the intracellular to the extracellular extent [14,15]. According to the concentration of the plasma compounds, normal or enhanced values of the osmolality may be depicted ( Figure 1). ...
... Frequently, the inappropriate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone syndrome (SIADH) is incriminated ( Figure 1) [12,13]. The nonhypotonic hyponatremia (isotonic or hypertonic) [4], as a dilutional hNa [14], is generated by the accumulation of effective osmoles in the plasma concentration, replacing the water from the intracellular to the extracellular extent [14,15]. According to the concentration of the plasma compounds, normal or enhanced values of the osmolality may be depicted ( Figure 1). ...
Hyponatremia (hNa) is a frequently common imbalance in the elderly hospitalized patients. It is often correlated with elevated plasma quantities of arginine vasopressin (AVP, the antidiuretic hormone) and namely it depicts a water surplus in order to prevail sodium levels. It can conduct, in a comprehensive range, to detrimental changes that can affect the entire health status, especially the central nervous system, thus increasing the mortality and morbidity of hospitalized patients in care units. The inherent treatment of hNa, mainly of the chronic form, requires the correction of serum sodium concentrations at the appropriate rate, because, augmenting it at a warp speed, it can determine permanent or fatal neurologic sequelae. In this regard, the therapy for hNa may be enlightened by egressing therapies that include vasopressin V2 and V1a receptors antagonists, with the principal role of encouraging aquaresis and rise the serum sodium levels, alongside with the electrolyte-sparing discharge of free water. © 2020, Romanian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences. All rights reserved.
