Distribution of stands (%) according to age groups in private forests.

Contexts in source publication

Context 1

... essence of dynamic gene conservation according to the MPBS concept is to promote adaptation by exposing the gene resource population to natural selection and in turn to evol- ution in a variety of directions (Fig. 3). The main principles of dynamic gene resources conservation by applying the MPBS concept are presented in Figure 4. ...

Context 2

... common in eastern and southwestern Estonia. According to the mean growing stock per hectare (169 m 3 ) black alder takes fourth place after aspen, spruce and pine. The current increment of the growing stock is 4.7 m 3 /ha. The average age of the black alder stands is 48 years; 37% of the state-owned forests (Fig. 3) and 49% of the !mvate forests (Fig. 4) are 41-60 years old. The utilization of alder has yielded very good results in afforestations of exhausted oilshale and sand mines and sand dunes. Alder wood makes our wood utilization more diverse; furniture, musical instruments and veneer are made of ...

Context 3

... in Estonia. This tree prefers fertile soils that are rich in humus. The small-leaved lime grows in fertile sites in numerous stands of different composition as the second layer, making the forests more diverse. The average age of the lime stands is 86 years. Lime stands 61 to 80 years old make up 47% of all the age groups in private forests (Fig. 4). The stands aged 41-60 years make up a quarter of the stands in the state-owned forests, and the same is true for stands 81 to 100 years old (Fig. 3). There are 100-year-old stands in East Virumaa and in the neighbourhood of Elva. The mean growing stock is 192 m 3 /ha in private (Table 2) and nearly 188 m 3 /ha in the state-owned ...

Context 4

... maple dominates in small groups are mostly situated in East and West Virumaa, also in the neighbourhood of Varu and on the island of Saaremaa. Most of the maple stands belong to the Hepatica and Oxalis site types, and to a smaller extent, also to the Aegopodium and Oxalis-Vaccinium types. The age of maple stands in private forests is 41-60 years (Fig. 4), but in state forests they are 81 to 100 years old (Fig. 3). The oldest maple in North Estonia is 100 years; originally it was in a park that has changed into a forest in the course of years. There is also one maple stand over 90 years old in Lahemaa, which also contains spruce and some other deciduous trees; the most common are oak, ...

Context 5

... two traits of importance are positively correlated with each other there is no problem to obtain response to selection in both traits. However, if the traits are negatively correlated with each other (Fig. 4) progress in one will lead to regression in the other. Hoffmann and Blows (1993) stressed that few studies have been carried out to estimate genetic correlations under stressful conditions. They also argued that genetic correlations between fitness traits estimated under optimal conditions may be misleading since the correlation pattern ...

Context 6

... of the mean value of trait 1 after culling Trait 1 Fig. 4. Illustration of the effect on a trait negatively correlated with another trait that is favoured in ...