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Increasing attention is being focused on sleep duration as a potential modifiable risk factor associated with obesity in children and adolescents. We analyzed data from the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey to describe the association of obesity (self-report BMI ≥95th percentile) with self-reported sleep duration on an average school night, among...
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Citations
... There is little scientific debate that sufficient sleep, adequate nutritional intake, and regular physical exercise are cornerstones for healthy development [9], especially in adolescence-a critical transitional and formative period in the lifespan characterized by significant physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes [10]. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, adolescents without adequate sleep are at a higher risk for obesity, diabetes, injuries, poor mental health, and attention and behavior problems [16][17][18]. Unhealthy eating behaviors can lead to a series of problems, including delayed sexual development and slower linear growth, as body changes during adolescence affect nutritional and dietary needs [19]. ...
Maternal incarceration has become an increasingly common life event among adolescents in the U.S., especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Evidence suggests that maternal incarceration is a risk factor for adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing problems. However, its collateral consequences on adolescents’ sleep patterns, dietary behaviors and physical activity involvement remain unclear. This study uses the Fragile Family and Child Wellbeing Study dataset (N = 3262) to examine the prevalence of risk behaviors related to sleep, diet, and physical exercise among adolescents with maternal incarceration histories and assess the relationship between maternal incarceration and these behavioral health risks. Findings suggested that a significantly lower proportion of adolescents with maternal incarceration experiences consumed breakfast for at least four days a week than those without maternal incarceration experiences (41.78% vs. 52.76%, p = 0.009), a higher proportion of them consumed fast food for at least two days a week (57.35% vs. 48.61%, p = 0.035), had at least two sweetened drinks per day (71.92% vs. 62.21%, p = 0.018), and reported more days having problems staying asleep per week (1.70 vs. 1.26, p = 0.008). Regression analyses suggested that adolescents with maternal incarceration experiences were more likely to have problems staying asleep (B = 0.44, p = 0.012) than those without maternal incarceration experiences.
... This table highlights key consequences that result from a lack of sleep in 4 major domains: physical health and safety, mental health, cognitive capacity, and academic performance. Insufficient sleep has further been linked with lower levels of physical activity, increased food intake and obesity, which can set the stage for chronic health conditions in adulthood such as obesity, metabolic dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular morbidity (Adolescent Sleep Working et al., 2014;Hart et al., 2013;Lowry et al., 2012). A significant negative association was found between low sleep (4 or less hours) and the following health-related behaviors in adolescents: (1) life appreciation; (2) taking responsibility for health; (3) adopting a healthy diet; (4) effective stress management; (5) regular exercise (Chen et al., 2006). ...
As sleep deprivation is a general public health issue reported by the Center for Disease Control, it becomes an even more detrimental problem in adolescent years with potential consequences of physical, mental, and academic impairments leading to chronic health issues such as obesity, metabolic dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular morbidity into adulthood. The reasons behind the epidemic of insufficient sleep during adolescence are complex and multifactorial which include the biological and central changes in sleep regulation in teenage years as well as early high school start times (SST) determined by state legislation and local school districts. This important public health issue of sleep loss in adolescents has led increased research and policy changes about the ideal SST. Studies have shown that later SSTs are associated with positive student outcomes, including improved academic performance, mental health, and physical health, along with increased public safety and long-term economic gains. In light of this scientific evidence, the average teenager is best suited to wake at 8:00 AM or later. In this review article, we aim to summarize the literature and raise awareness on long-term effects of insufficient sleep in teenagers, school start times (and its potential delay), as well as general health recommendations.
... Three variables of sleep duration were used for data analysis: weekday night sleep, weekend night sleep, and mean daily night sleep (average duration of weekday and weekend night sleep). The prevalence of students with insufficient (7 h or less) and long (9 h and more) sleep duration was measured [27]. ...
Objective
The study aimed to investigate the association between sleeping behavior (specifically sleep duration), body mass index (BMI), eating habits, and psychological mood depression among adolescents in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi- UAE.
Methods and materials
A subsample of three hundred and ninety-five participants (209 females and 186 males) from middle and high schools (aged 12–18 years) in the emirate of Abu Dhabi completed the surveys in the presence of their parents and two research assistants. Measures of daytime sleepiness and other sleep parameters (sleep duration on weekdays and weekends), eating habits, and mood depression questionnaires were reported.
Results
Differences in BMI between males and females were statistically significant (26.12 ± 4.5 vs. 24.4 ± 4.3; p < 0.01). There was a negative linear association ( p < 0.01) between the students’ BMI and the weekday/ weekend sleep duration. The average weekday and weekend sleep duration ranged from 5.7 hours (weekdays) to 9.3 hours(weekend). The study showed that an increase in BMI was correlated to mood depression (r = 0.396, p <0.01). In terms of eating habits, there was a significant association between eating unhealthy food and sleep duration; 72.6% of students who slept less than 6 hours reported unhealthy eating habits (p <0.05).
Conclusion
The study showed a clear association between short sleep duration and obesity among adolescents in the UAE. This relationship between sleep duration and obesity is less studied and less understandable. Future research about exploring how sleeping behaviors can affect obesity during adolescence can support understanding this association and create an effective intervention.
... Sleep duration varies among individuals and with age. However, according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, for optimal health, children 3-5 years of age should sleep 10-13 h per day and those 6-12 years, [9][10][11][12] h and, for adolescents 13-18 years of age, 8-10 h is recommended [5]. Data from the United States demonstrated that the prevalence of short sleep duration among middle-school students was 57.8% and 72.7% among high school students [6]. ...
... In modern society, lack of sleep is common among children and adolescents. Inadequate sleep among children and adolescents is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, injuries, poor mental health, attention and behavioral problems, and poor academic performance [8][9][10]. ...
Background and Objectives: The prevalence of obesity among children is increasing and is highlighting many problems. Lack of sleep is common among children and adolescents. Although several studies have investigated sleep duration and overweight and obesity from a sex perspective, data regarding age and sex effects remain limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the risk(s) for overweight or obesity according to sleep duration among children and adolescents; to evaluate the effect of short sleep duration on the incidence of overweight/obesity among children and adolescents; and to evaluate sex differences in the risk of overweight or obesity with shorter sleep durations. Materials and Methods: The PubMed database was searched for relevant studies published up to June 30, 2021. Odds ratios for obesity/overweight were estimated for short compared with long sleep duration. Subgroup analysis based on sleep duration, sex, and study location was also performed. Results: The estimated odds ratio for combined obesity and overweight was 1.171 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.092–1.256) according to short sleep duration. Obesity/overweight with short sleep duration was significantly prevalent in the <6 and 6–10 years’ subgroups (odds ratio 1.226 (95% CI 1.083–1.387) and 1.341 (95% CI 1.175–1.530), respectively). Among boys, short sleep duration was significantly correlated with a high occurrence of obesity/overweight (odds ratio 1.294 (95% CI 1.153–1.452)); no such correlation was found among girls. Conclusions: Short sleep duration may increase risk of obesity among children and adolescents, especially those <6 and 6–10 years of age. In the subgroup analysis, the incidence of obesity/overweight for short sleep time revealed significant results among Asians and boys.
... Students who do not get the recommended amount of sleep for their age are at increased risk for chronic conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, and poor mental health, as well as injuries, attention and behavioral problems, and poor academic performance [32,37,41]. ...
Studies have shown that adolescents now have a higher exposure to health risks than those in the past, and Hong Kong adolescents are no exception, particularly with the social crisis in 2019 and then the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Data from health care services for children and adolescents only represent the tip of the clinical iceberg, and health profiles, including living habits, lifestyles, data on health status, and health service utilization, are not always readily available for effective planning to cultivate a healthy living environment. In this paper, an exploratory study on secondary school students was conducted in one district of Hong Kong that has the potential and resources to become a healthy city. Students were found to have a high prevalence of poor sleep quality and quantity; excess screen time; physical inactivity; an insufficient intake of healthy food; emotional disturbance, including symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSDs); and irregular attendance to student health services. A multivariate analysis showed that excessive time on social media websites, short sleeping hours, symptoms of PTSD, and a lack of regular exercise were independently associated with emotional distress. Youth service providers should re-orientate student health services, moving away from routine services to be more outreaching in order to cultivate a supportive living and learning environment, promoting better health for adolescents.
... [15][16][17] According to the sleep guidelines suggested by the National Sleep Foundation, insufficient sleep is defined as less than eight hours for teenagers and less than seven hours for adults on a weeknight. [18,19] While some studies have shown prolonged sleep duration to be associated with an increased likelihood of obesity, [20,21] others have revealed that insufficient sleep posed a risk in predisposing children, including adolescents, to obesity. [22] Lack of sleep may result in weight gain by increasing the time available for other daily activities such as eating, making maintaining a healthy lifestyle more challenging. ...
Background: Overnutrition has been documented at epidemic levels in children and adults. The associated risk factors may include poor dietary habits, sedentary behaviour, inadequate sleep and low parental education. Objective: To describe dietary habits, physical activity and sleep patterns among secondary school adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1,120 adolescents recruited from public and private secondary schools in Lagos, Nigeria, was carried out to study the dietary habits, sleep patterns and physical activity in relation to nutritional status. Results: Ten per cent of the adolescents skipped breakfast, while 28% had fruits on up to five days of the week. Eleven per cent had a sweetened drink every day, while 20 % had a sweetened drink on most days of the week. One out of four (26%) adolescents had more than two hours of screen time daily, and only 5% engaged in sporting activities up to five times weekly. One-third of the students slept for less than six hours daily and experienced sleeping difficulties. Multivariate analysis showed that females were twice as likely not to participate in sports (OR = 2.38, CI = 1.3-4.37, p = 0.002 and to have a higher intake of confectionaries (OR = 1.47, CI = 1.07-2.04, p = 0.01. Conclusion: Poor dietary habits, inadequate physical activity and insufficient sleep were observed among secondary school adolescents. A multi-pronged approach to improve these behaviours is recommended.
... These findings imply that short sleep duration may have a lasting imprint on one's physical health (Kuh et al., 2003). Specifically, findings of this study extend the existing literature about the link between short sleep duration and poor physical health in adolescence (de Jong et al., 2012;Lowry et al., 2012), by rendering support to the life course argument that long-term processes link short sleep duration during adolescence to adult physical health (e.g., Ames et al., 2018). ...
Objective:
Despite the well-established link between sleep patterns and physical health, less is known about whether sleep duration during adolescence is related to physical health in adulthood. This study examines: (a) whether there is an association between sleep duration in adolescence and cardiometabolic risk in adulthood, and (b) whether this association differs by sex.
Method:
Using data from the National Longitudinal study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study estimates sibling fixed effects models to account for unobservable family-specific heterogeneity. This study investigates whether sleep duration in adolescence is associated with cardiometabolic risk in adulthood, independently of sleep duration in adulthood.
Results:
Conventional OLS regression models showed that, compared with individuals who slept 8-9 hr per night during adolescence, those who slept 6 or fewer hours had higher cardiometabolic risk in adulthood (about 13 years later). This was the case for both females and males. Controlling for unobserved family heterogeneity, however, substantially attenuated the association among females, rendering it statistically insignificant. The association for males was robust to controlling for sibling fixed effects. This study also found that the observed association for males is not explained by sleep duration in adulthood.
Conclusions:
Adolescent sleep duration is associated with cardiometabolic risk in adulthood among males, but not females. A life course approach should be adopted in interventions aiming to reduce cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In particular, this study suggests that a fruitful approach to preventing cardiovascular issues in adulthood includes public health interventions that promote healthy sleeping patterns during adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
... In addition, insufficient sleep or bedtime delay in adolescents and children is associated with a higher risk of poor academic performance due to early memory and cognitive decline [3][4][5]. Multiple cohort studies also demonstrate that shorter sleep duration (SD) is associated with a higher risk of overweight/obesity and hypertension, as well as migraine and tension-type headaches in children and adolescents [6][7][8][9]. ...
... Previous longitudinal studies have highlighted the relationship between sleep quality in early childhood and adverse events such as overweight/obesity, hypertension, and behavioral problems at school age [7][8][9]22,23]. A strength of the present study is that it used a large-scale, population-based, nationwide database. ...
The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between shorter or irregular sleep duration (SD) in early childhood and increased risk of injury at primary school age using data from a nationwide survey in Japan. We categorized SD into seven groups: 6 h, 7 h, 8 h, 9 hrs, 10 or 11 h, >12 h, and irregular, based on questionnaire responses collected at 5.5 years old. The relationship between SD and incidence of injury at 5.5–nine years of age is shown. In addition, we completed a stratified analysis on children with or without problematic behavior at eight years old. We included 32,044 children, of which 6369 were classified as having an injury and 25,675 as not having an injury. Logistic regression model showed that shorter or irregular SD categories were associated with an increased adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for injuries (6 h: aOR 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–1.66, 7 h: aOR 1.10, 95% CI, 0.98–1.23, 8 h: aOR 1.13, 95% CI, 1.02–1.26, irregular: aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.10–1.43). The same tendency was observed with shorter or irregular SD in subgroups with or without behavioral problems. Shorter or irregular sleep habits during early childhood are associated with injury during primary school age.
... However, findings regarding sex differences in sleep and T2D risk are unclear. In some studies, a relationship between sleep duration and BMI has been found for male but not female adolescents [94], while in others, insufficient sleep was associated with increased obesity risk for females but not males [95,96]. Thus, further research to better understand these relationships is needed. ...
Purpose of Review
This paper presents a review of the current literature in support of a model explaining the relationships between sleep health and risk for type 2 diabetes in adolescents.
Recent Findings
Short sleep duration is associated with risk of developing obesity in youth. Sleep restriction increases energy expenditure, but also increases hunger, appetite, and food intake, causing positive energy balance, impacting appetite-regulating hormones, and leading to increased eating late at night. Insufficient sleep may lead to reduced physical activity and greater sedentary behaviors. In addition, short sleep duration is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity. The cumulative negative consequences of insufficient sleep increase risk for type 2 diabetes. Applications to clinical care, public policy, and future research are discussed.
Summary
Insufficient sleep in adolescence increases risk for type 2 diabetes directly through impact on insulin sensitivity and indirectly through increased dietary intake, sedentary activity, and weight gain.
... Since sleep aids in lessening anxiety and stress and contributes to the recuperation of energy, it not only increases concentration and consistency of senses but also adds pleasure and joy to activities of daily living. Therefore, we should not consider sleeping a waste of time (1)(2)(3). Children frequently do not get sufficient sleep on a regular basis. Getting good sleep is as significant as daily exercise and getting suitable nourishment. ...
Background: Insomnia is one of the most common sleep problems among children and is associated with a wide variety of impairments such as aggression, decreased attention and concentration, daytime sleepiness, hyperactivity, and irritability. A child with insomnia can affect the whole family. It is important to assess insomnia and sleep behaviors of children because insomnia is not a common diagnosis in them. Children’s Sleep Comic is a questionnaire to diagnose insomnia in children aged 5-11 years, which can be completed within 20 minutes. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to translate and investigate the Persian form of Children’s Sleep Comic's content validity and reliability. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 209 children aged 5-11 years in primary schools and preschools of Tehran who were selected by random cluster sampling in 2019. The translation was done with the forward-backward method. The content validity was evaluated by 10 occupational therapists, and quantitative content validity was determined by calculating the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability via Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) among 30 children after one week as well as Standard Error of Measurement (SEM). Results: Overall, 220 children were entered into the study; however, 11 children were excluded because of missing data. The translation of Children's Sleep Comic was considered easy and acceptable. The content validity, which was assessed by CVR and CVI were desirable (0.8 and 0.8, respectively), and the internal consistency was 0.76. ICC and SEM were 0.97 and 0.02, respectively. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that the Persian version of the Children's Sleep Comic questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used for screening insomnia in Iranian children aged 5-11 years.
