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Distribution of continental blocks, fragments and terranes, and principal sutures of Southeast Asia (Metcalfe, 2013). The yellow box is research area.
Source publication
Meratus Complex is a igneous, metamorphics and ophiolitic complex in Southeast Borneo. It has been known as suture when Paternoster microcontinent against Sundaland in late Jurassic-early Crestaceous (Soesilo et al., 2015). The different interpretation about uplift of Meratus Complex had interpreted by some geological expert. The Meratus Complex wa...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... Pangeran, Pekanbaru, October 28 th -November 1 st , 2018 homogenous blok of continental crust they were formed by almalgamated of many microcontinents (terrane) when early Mesozoic ( Metcalfe 1996Metcalfe , 2011Metcalfe , 2013 (Figure 1). The first processes of amalgamation started in Devonian when Indochina east -Malaya, West Burma aand West Sumatra terranes was detached from Gondwana land and drift to Southeast Asia then add Sibumasu terrane in early Permian. ...
Context 2
... review the size of their fragments, the writer suspect that the source area (Provenance) of Oceanic plate stratigraphy derived from Meratus complex isn't far. The cartoon about uplift Meratus complex can be seen as below (Figure 10). The writer interpreted that when this lithological sequence within Pit 14 it's related with maximum erosional phase. ...
Citations
... The seams are separated by prevailing mudstones and subordinate sandstone beds. The sediments overlying the BL1 seam in the Pit 14 (see Fig. 2b for location) represent floodplain, fluvial channel-belt, estuarine and tidal flat settings (Achmad, 2018). Sediment transport was directed southeastwards (107-160°; Achmad, 2018). ...
... The observed sulphur levels are consistent with deposition in a freshwater rheotrophic mire, where high water levels resulted in dilution of humic acids and an increase in pH. However, given the low ash yield of the sulphur-rich coals (Fig. 4) and the coastal depositional environment of the host rocks (e.g., Achmad, 2018), the high sulphur contents are most likely due to the influence of brackish water, underscoring the near-shore environment of the BL1 seam in the Jumbang mine. ...
The middle Miocene Warukin Formation in the Asem-Asem Basin (Kalimantan) contains a 20-m-thick coal seam (BL1) that is mined at the Jumbang mine. The seam, formed in a tropical peat, was studied to reconstruct the peat-forming environment and to compare its characteristics with those of similarly aged tropical coals from the Tutupan mine in the Barito Basin (Kalimantan) and similarly aged ( ~ 15 Ma) subtropical coal from the Leoben Basin in the Eastern Alps (Austria). Although all coals were formed in ombrotrophic peatlands, the comparison reveals differences in biomarker and maceral composition due to the different climate and flora.
The study is based on 22 coal and three non–coal samples, each representing a stratigraphic interval of 0.2 to 1.0 m. The samples were analyzed for ash yield, carbon and sulphur contents, and maceral composition. Organic geochemical parameters were obtained on eight coal samples to obtain information on the peat-forming vegetation. The low-ash, low-sulphur BL1 seam was deposited in an ombrotrophic basinal (coastal) mire. Locally increased sulphur contents in the lower coal bench BL1L demonstrate brackish influence and a near-shore environment. The vegetation was dominated by angiosperms including abundant dammar resin producing Dipterocarpaceae , while the contribution of gymnosperms was negligible.
The Tutupan seams T110 and T210, which were formed in kerapah (inland) ombrotrophic mires, have similar ash yields and sulphur contents but contain higher, although still low, concentrations of gymnosperm-derived diterpenoids. In addition, lower amounts of cadinane-type biomarkers and resinite suggest that Dipterocarpaceae were less dominant in kerapah peats. While differences between tropical coals from Kalimantan are minor, major differences exist between the tropical coals and the subtropical ombrotrophic Leoben coal. These include significantly higher concentrations of gymnosperm-derived biomarkers in subtropical peat, lower amounts of resinite due to the absence of Dipterocarpaceae , as wells as lower amounts of leaf- and rootlet-derived macerals. Apparently, fungal activity was also reduced in the sub-tropical Leoben peat. Surprisingly, the average amount of oxidized plant remains is also lower in the subtropical peat.
