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Background:Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections are clinical problem, it is a difficult to treat because of high resistant to many antibiotics (Multi-drug resistant) and a high risk of emergence of resistance during therapy. Carbapenems are therapeutic choice against infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli including strains of P. ae...
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Context 1
... total of two hundred samples were enrolled in this study which include, burn swabs (n=105, 52.50%), ear swabs (n=19, 9.50%), wound swab (n=36, 18.00%), sputum from patients with lower respiratory tract infection (n=7, 3.50%) The patient's ages ranged from one to older than 61 years ( Table 2). One hundred and eighty-one bacterial species were isolated from these samples with the percentage of P. aeruginosa (n=103, 51.50%) followed by E. coli (n=28, 14.00%) and the lowest percentage were K. pneumoniae (n=2, 1.00%). ...
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Citations
... P. aeruginosa antibiotic resistance results obtained in this study were higher than those obtained in other national study (Al-Khudhairy & Al-Shammari, 2020;Hussein et al., 2018) but similar to the results of a local study carried out by Alkhulaifi & Khairallah (2023). On the other hand, the results were markedly higher than those obtained in Saudi Arabia, (Hafiz et al., 2023) Egypt (Helmy et al., 2023), Brazil (Camargo et al., 2023, China (Hu et al., 2019) and Iran (Hassanzadeh et al., 2023). ...
Antibiotic resistance is a global health concern that requires multiple efforts to establish proper preventive and curative programs. This study aimed to assess the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of commonly isolated bacteria at Al-Sader Teaching Hospital, Basra-Iraq. A total of 234 clinical specimens were collected from urine, skin infections, and blood. The bacterial isolates were initially identified using standard microbiological methods, and the identification of the four most common isolates was confirmed by PCR technique using species-specific primers (malB for Escherichia coli, rpoB for Klebsiella pneumonia, OprL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and mecA for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus). The identified bacteria were subjected to disc diffusion and VITEK2 system to test the antibiotic susceptibility. E. coli was the most prevalent in urine (51.25%), followed by S. aureus (15%), while S. aureus (31.25%) and P. aeruginosa (30.20%) were more prevalent in skin infections. S. aureus (31.57%) and E. coli (26.31%) were predominant in the blood samples. The Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Gram-negative isolates revealed high resistance to Cefoxitin (90%), Aztreonam (87%), Ceftriaxone (87%), Piperacillin/tazobactam (85%), and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (85%). S. aureus showed high resistance to Cefoxitin (93%), Oxacillin (89.58), and Methicillin (91%), whereas, the highest sensitivity was recorded for Colistin (100%), Rifampin (93%), Amikacin (87%), and Meropenem (76%). A high level of multidrug-resistance strains was detected among Gram negative bacteria (76%) and S. aureus (56%). The current study provides valuable insights into the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance patterns in different clinical samples, contributing to improved treatment strategies and infection control measures.
... Bacterial infections with this organism have been linked to higher mortality and morbidity when compared to other pathogens [9]. P. aeruginosa infections are a common medical problem, and it is difficult to treat because of its high resistance to many antibiotics and the high risk of development of resistance during treatment [10,11]. ...
Introduction:
The use of herbal extracts is increasing because of the increase in bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics. Plantago major is frequently used in traditional medicine because of its medicinal properties. The aim of the current study was to assess the antibacterial efficacy of an ethanolic extract of P. major leaves against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn infections.
Methodology:
One hundred and twenty burn samples were collected from hospitalized patients at the Burn Hospital in Duhok city. The bacterium was identified using Gram stain, colony morphology, biochemical tests and selective differential media. Antibacterial activity of P. major leaves was assessed by using an ethanolic extract in serial dilutions of 100, 75, 50, 25, and 10 % and disc diffusion assay. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was also performed by disk diffusion using Muller-Hinton agar medium.
Results:
Different concentrations of the ethanolic extract of P. major leaves exhibited different zones of inhibition against P. aeruginosa from 9.93 mm to 22.18 mm in diameter. The inhibition zone increased as the concentration of the extract increased. The 100% ethanolic extract had the greatest inhibitory effect, inhibiting bacteria in the zone of 22.18 mm diameter. This bacterium showed a high level of resistance to the antibiotics used.
Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that herbal extracts could be used as a combination therapy with antibiotics and chemical drugs in the elimination of bacterial growth. Further investigations and future experiments, need to be carried out before recommending use of herbal extracts.
... Our experiment was done in duplicates. The results of our study were in agreement with Kadhim et al. (2018) in Iraq who showed that the highest rate of ear infection was by P. aeruginosa (35%) followed by S. aureus (26%). While, disagreement with Asima and Karthik (2017) who found that S. aureus was the predominant bacterial species isolated from (34.9%), followed by P. aeruginosa (20.9%). ...
This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of CFS of the selected lactobacilli, alone and in combination with antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with chronic otitis media. In addition, we investigated the ability of tested lactobacilli (a mixed of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum) to co-aggregate with the isolated pathogens.. One hundred sixty-two ear swab were collected from patients had otitis media with chronic discharging . These patients attended to the ENT department in the medical consultation clinic at Baquba Teaching Hospital and to private doctors’ clinics. Ear swabs were taken from both sexes, male and female starting from September to the end of December, 2021. The isolates were identified based on their morphological features of the colonies and some biochemical tests. The final identification and antibiotics susceptibility of bacterial isolates was confirmed by VITEK2 compact system. The results showed that 113 samples were positive for bacterial culture, while 30 samples were negative growth, mostly identified as fungi. A total of 113 bacterial species isolated from 162 otitis media samples were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumonia. The highest predominant bacterial agents were P. aeruginosa 52 (32%), S. aureus 40 (24.7%), followed by P. mirabilis 14 (8.64%), and K. pneumoniae 7 (4.32%). The obtained results showed that the highest rate of infection was identified in male rather than in female. In antibiotic susceptibility testing, 16 types of antibiotics was evaluated against four bacterial species using VITEK2 system. In addition, disk diffusion assay was utilized in order to perform antimicrobial combinations. The susceptibility of bacterial species were various among these antibiotics. It was noticed that ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic against all the isolated bacteria with the lowest MIC in comparison to the other antibiotics. We evaluated the effect of ciprofloxacin alone and in combination with the cell-free supernatants (CFSs) of mixed lactobacilli against the four isolates using disk diffusion assay. Our results showed that the CFS produced by the mixed lactobacilli have a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of bacterial pathogens. Moreover, CFS in combination with ciprofloxacin was more effective against pathogenic isolates than using ciprofloxacin alone. Co-aggregation of the selected mixed lactobacilli strains with the four bacterial isolates were evaluated in order to investigate the competitive activity of the tested lactobacilli with the isolated pathogens. Keywords: Otitis media, Mixed lactobacilli, Cell Free Supernatant, Co-aggregation, Antimicrobial combinations
... This result was close to the study, which reported a resistance rate of P. aeruginosa Ceftazidime of 73.6% (Othman et al., 2014). The resistance shown at high levels to antibiotics of beta lactams involves ceftazidime (CAZ), cefepime (FEP), and piperacillin (PRL) due to the activity of beta lactamase enzymes, which represent one of the intrinsic mechanisms leading to bacterial resistance (Hussein et al., 2018). Mechanisms that show resistance, including β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides, greatly reduce the clinical efficacy of these agents (Perletti et al., 2010). ...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the majority of common opportunistic infections, has become a public health concern, exhibiting intrinsic and acquired resistance to a wide range of antimicrobials. The present work aimed to study the correlation between the P. aeruginosa efflux pump mexAB-oprM genes and antibiotic resistance to different types of antibiotics. All 79 isolates were screened by Pseudomonas chromogenic agar, which was used as a selective medium for the isolation of P. aeruginosa. After incubation at 37°C for 24 hr, the results were confirmed by PCR using specific primer pairs for the 16S rDNA gene of Pseudomonas spp. and P. aeruginosa for identification of the isolates. MexABoprM genes were investigated by PCR. The antibiotic susceptibility test was accomplished according to CLSI-2021 using the disc diffusion method for 13 antibiotics. The results revealed that the antibiotic susceptibility of P. aeruginosa was highly resistant to ceftazidime (93.6%) and cefepime (77.2%). In comparison, high sensitivity for imipenem (77.2%) and meropenem (67%) was observed. The antibiotic resistance patterns revealed that 38% of isolates were MDR multidrug resistant and 41% were non-MDR, and the mexA(65\79), mexB(49\79) and oprM (37\79) genes were distributed as mexA 83.5%, mexB 63.29% and oprM 48.1%, respectively. The present study concluded that mexABoprM may be highly associated with resistance to ceftazidime and cefepime and moderately associated with piperacillin, gentamicin and tobramycin.
... As well the gentamicin ratio closes to the result mentioned by Hussien et al. (2012), who found that the resistant ratio of P. aeruginosa isolates to gentamycin 18 (51.0%). The low sensitivity of P.aeruginosa isolates to (Imipenem and Meropenem) in the current study is come in concur with mentioned by Hussein et al. (2018), who mentioned that both of imipenem and meropenem have the same resistant percent (Berrazeg et al., 2015). The study has used this method to give an introductory idea as an invitro phenotypic screening procedure for clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa of ability to form the biofilm. ...
The study aimed to inhibit the virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (activity of elastase enzyme, biofilm formation and growth of bacteria) by construction specific nanocomposite. The nanocomposite (AgPEG-I) was synthesized using the specific enzyme inhibitor galaridin which was chemically coupled to the surface of silver nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol (AgPEG) using special coupling agents (EDC/ NHS).
Main steps of research project are summarized as follow
1- Isolation and identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from different clinical sample using biochemical test.
2- Selection of the high virulence P. aeruginosa isolate for antibiotic resistance , elastase activity and biofilm formation.
3- Kinetics studying of elastase activity and inhibition by galardin inhibitor (GM6001).
4- Synthesis of nanocomposite AgPEG-I (AgPEG coupling with galardin inhibitors).
5- Characterization of nanocomposite (AgPEG-I) by AFM, SEM, XRD, FTIR and Zeta potential assay.
6- Evaluation of cytotoxicity of nanocomposite (AgPEG-I) by using MTT (cell viability), High-content screening (HCS) to measurement multiple parameters and Flow cytometer assay (cell cycle analysis).
7- Applications the nanocomposite (AgPEG-I) on determination the virulence state through the inhibition of elastase activity, biofilm production and viability of bacterial cells.
... This result was in agreement with similar findings described by researchers in a studied hospital in Wasit. [25] A recent study by Al-abedi and Al-Mayahi in 2019 showed higher rate of resistance of P. aeruginosa toward carbapenem class antibiotics (34.95%) in Al-Diwaniyah hospitals. [26] Another study showed the occurrence of 40% of CRPA isolates identified in a studied hospital at Babylon, Iraq. ...
... As seen in Table 1, a prevalence rate of 54.55% in CRPA isolates carrying blaNDM-1 is relatively the highest among the cross-sectional studies which was reported from India [53]. This is in line with both studies conducted in Iraq [19,20] in which a prevalence rate of 50% were reported. In India, a study [21] revealed a lower prevalence rate at 41%. ...
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a gram negative bacteria that is known to cause nosocomial infections. Carbapenem is used to treat the damage caused by P. aeruginosa, however it is becoming resistant to carbapenems because of the production of β-lactamases. The objectives of the study were to systematically review the prevalence of blaNDM-1 in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) and to review and analyze the clinical sources as well as the antibiotic resistance profile of CRPA carrying blaNDM-1. Methods: The researchers systematically searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. In assessing the methodological quality of the included studies, the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports were used. Results: A total of nine studies were included in which eight were cross-sectional studies and one was a case report. The highest prevalence rate reported was 54.55% in blaNDM-1 positive CRPA isolates among the cross-sectional studies. The three most frequent sources of clinical isolates of CRPA carrying blaNDM-1 include urine, wound discharge, and tissue, among the included studies. Lastly, this review showed that among the included studies, CRPA isolates carrying blaNDM-1 were most resistant to ceftazidime and gentamicin. Conclusions: There is varying prevalence of blaNDM-1 in CRPA in different countries. Urine, wound discharge, and tissue specimens being the most frequent sources of CRPA isolates carrying blaNDM-1 poses a challenge that must be given attention by the infection control committee, thus the need for proper handling and processing of clinical specimens. Resistance to ceftazidime and gentamicin among the CRPA isolates carrying blaNDM-1highlights the growing challenge of successfully treating infections caused by this bacteria. This challenge reminds us of the importance and purpose of antibiotic stewardship that emphasizes the improvement of proper antibiotic prescription by the physicians and proper antibiotic use by the patients that can help in preventing harm and antibiotic resistance.
Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0304-9
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... The results of a study conducted at a hospital in Iraq showed different results where the highest percentage of prevalence was in the age group of 11 to 60 years and amounted to 74.7%. The prevalence of PA in the age group over 60 years was 14.6%, and the age group up to 10 years had the lowest PA prevalence and it amounted to 10.7% (Hussein et al., 2018). A study conducted in Turkey from January 2008 to July 2011 showed that 58.3% of PA infected are in the age group older than 60 years, corresponding with our study (Sonmezer et al., 2016). ...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens that occurs in the human population. In 2017, PA was recognised as one of the most life-threatening bacteria microorganisms. Infections caused by PA isolates are exceedingly difficult to treat due to intrinsic antibiotic resistance and an incredible capability to gain resistance to multiple groups of antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of PA isolates in inpatient and outpatient samples, to determine the incidence of PA isolates in different hospital wards and to analyse the sensitivity of PA isolates to the tested antimicrobial drugs. The study included a collection of 152 biological samples and 6 swabs of inhumane material inside the hospital obtained and processed in the Microbiological laboratory of the Cantonal Hospital in Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), over a period of 3 months from October to December 2018. The samples which were positive for PA were 31.58% of hospital population, and 68.42% were outpatient population. The largest number was taken from the surgical ward (60.42%), while urine was the most frequent sample with 47.92%. PA showed susceptibility to amikacin 89.6%, imipenem 83.3%, piperacillin tazobactam 81.3%, ceftazidime 79.2%, cefepime 68.8%, gentamicin 62.5% and ciprofloxacin 60.4%. In most cases PA was isolated from outpatient samples. PA showed the highest susceptibility rate to amikacin, while it showed the greatest resistance to ciprofloxacin. The largest number of samples in the hospital environment originated from the surgical department. Резюме Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) е един от най-често срещаните нозокомиални патогени в човеш-ката популация. От 2017 г. РА е призната за една от най-застрашаващите живота бактерии. Инфек-циите, причинени от изолати на PA, са изключително трудни за лечение поради присъщата антиби-отична резистентност и невероятната способност за придобиване на резистентност към множество групи антимикробни агенти. Целта на това проучване е да се определи разпространението на РА изолатите в болнични и амбулаторни проби, да се установи тяхното разпространение в различни болнични отделения и да се анализира чувствителността на тези изолати към проучваните антими-кробни лекарствени средства. Проучването включва събиране на 152 биологични проби и 6 тампона от нехуманен материал в болницата, обработени в Микробиологичната лаборатория на Кантонална-та болница в Зеница, Босна и Херцеговина, за период от 3 месеца-от октомври до декември 2018 г. Положителните проби за РА от болничната популация са 31.58%, а от извънболничната популация-68.42%. Най-много са изолатите от проби, взети от хирургичното отделение (60.42%), докато при пробите от урина се отчита 47.92% честотата. Чувствителност към изследваните антибиотици е 189
... The gentamicin ratio was close to the result mentioned by Hussien et al (2012), who observed resistance ratio of P. aeruginosa isolates to Gentamycin 18 (51.0%). The low sensitivity of isolates to (Imipenem and P. aeruginosa Meropenem) in the current study is in agreement with that Hussein et al (2018). Both imipenem and meropenem have the same percentage of 34.95% resistant respectively. ...
One hundred and fifty specimens were collected, of which 120 samples showed positive growth. The specimens were collected from three government buildings in Baghdad. The specimens were obtained from burns, wounds, respiratory sputum, and otitis infection. Confirmation tests were conducted on 120 isolates and 40 of them belong to the genus Pseudomonas and were identified as P. aeruginosa according to VITEK 2 results. The MIC of 40 isolates against antimicrobial agents using the VITEK 2 AST card showed that 24 (60%) are resistant to all antimicrobial agents, 14 (35%) are sensitive and 2 (5%) are intermediate, with significant differences. The quantitative estimation of biofilm formation (MTP assay) showed that 90% of the isolates were biofilm producers and the moderate and weak biofilm producers were 40 and 4%, respectively, with significant differences. Ten isolates were selected with different biofilm strengths for elastase activity measurement. There was significant correlation between biofilm formation and elastase activity was significant.
... isolates were susceptible to the imipenem, as shown in Figure 2. Al-Charrakh AH et al. 23 observed similar data, while Hussein ZK et al. 24 and Amini A et al. 25 reported that P. aeruginosa had an intermediate resistance (35 and 39.3%, respectively) to imipenem. PCR analysis of P. aeruginosa under study for the presence of QS genes, indicates that they can have different patterns. ...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa can regulate different group actives and physiological processes through the quorum sensing mechanism. The aims of this research were to detect the presence of quorum sensing genes in 50 clinical P. aeruginosa isolates, which represent by (lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR) and Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) (PgsA, PgsB, PgsC, PgsD, PgsE, and MvfR) genes by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and interaction between the two systems. Isolates were subjected to test their susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial drugs, 64% of isolates showed resistance to ceftazidime, followed by carbencillin (56%), while only 8% were resistant to imipenem. In addition, all of the bacterial isolates were distributed within three multidrug-resistant (MDR) patterns, viz., A, B, and C. The highest rate of MDR was showed with MDR pattern C, in which bacterial isolates showed resistance to resist (9→11) antimicrobial drugs. Results revealed that P. aeruginosa isolates have different gene patterns, viz., A to E. According to quorum sensing genes production, pattern A found to express all the genes in LasI, RhI, and PQS system, while pattern B has a defective for the production of lasR, rhlR genes, while the same isolates have the PQS system all present. Significantly, there is a positive relationship between las and rhl system and regulation of antibiotics resistance, in which the bacterial isolates that have las and rhl genes showed high resistance to common antimicrobial agents under study. These findings suggest that PQS can function as an intercellular signal in P. aeruginosa that is not restricted only to alkyl homoserine lactones (AHL).
