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Two new species of Protium (Burseraceae) are described and illustrated: Protiumaguilariisp. nov., from the Pacific slope of the Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica; and Protiumhammeliisp. nov., from wet forests on the Caribbean slopes of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. In addition, Protiumbrenesiicomb. nov., is proposed as a new combination ba...
Citations
... The flowers are actinomorphic, clustered in paniculate inflorescences. The fruits are drupe type of different shapes (Daly et al. 2011;Santamaría-Aguilar & Lagomarsino 2017). Protium species are rich in exudates and oleoresins, whose volatile substances are used in the manufacture of perfumes, production of incense and tea (Siani et al. 2004). ...
The current study aims to contribute to the knowledge the genus Protium occurring in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Collections deposited in national herbaria were examined and field collections were carried out, in addition to research in specialized literature and consultations in online international herbaria. Seven species were cataloged for the state of Rio de Janeiro. Descriptions, illustrations, comments, as well as information on phenology, ecology, conservation, and distribution maps for all species are presented.
... However, curiously, in very wet lowland forests at the Península de Osa (a region adjacent to Golfito), no Lepanthes species has previously been recorded. Nonetheless, this region potentially habored Lepanthes species because of its very humid forests (Luer, 2003 (Bogarín et al., 2008;Hammel, 2015;Santamaría-Aguilar et al., 2016, 2019Santamaría-Aguilar and Lagomarsino, 2017;Santamaría-Aguilar and Aguilar Fernández, 2017;Callejas Posada, 2020;Rodríguez A NEW LEPANTHES (ORCHIDACEAE: PLEUROTHALLIDINAE) FROM PENÍNSULA DE OSA, PUNTARENAS, COSTA RICA and Santamaría-Aguilar, 2020). In addition, some of these plant species could inhabit areas highly vulnerable to habitat fragmentation and loss (Karremans and Lehmann, 2018;Bogarín, et al., 2020). ...
Lepanthes is one of the most species-rich genera of orchids in the Neotropics, with most of the species found in medium to high elevation forests and few species in lowlands. We describe and illustrate Lepanthes osaensis, a new species from the very wet lowland forest of Península de Osa, Costa Rica. It is similar to Lepanthes cuspidata but differs mostly in the vinous leaves; smaller sepals; the narrower, bilobed petals; and the smaller lip with triangular blades. Notes on its distribution, habitat, flowering, and conservation status, as well as discussion of a taxon with similar morphology, are provided.
... Etymology:-The specific epithet honors Daniel Santamaría-Aguilar, a very talented Costa Rican botanist with an extensive knowledge of the Neotropical flora, having described several new species of different angiosperm families (e.g., Santamaría-Aguilar 2015, Santamaría-Aguilar & Ortiz 2016, Santamaría- Aguilar & Lagomarsino 2017. He is also working on the taxonomic treatment of Burseraceae for the Flora of Costa PERDIZ eT AL. ...
... bicolored, green below and red above) when mature (see Table 1, Fig. 2), and broadly and slightly obliquely ovoid or broadly ellipsoid when more than one pyrene develops (vs. narrowly oblique-ovoid), and inflorescence usually ramified to the third (vs. the second) order (see pictures of P. santamariae in Santamaría- Aguilar & Lagomarsino (2017), Fig. 6G-J, cited as P. aracouchini). ...
Protium santamariae is described and illustrated. The new species is restricted to the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica but shares morphological similarities with two South American species, P. kleinii and P. krukoffii. We provide a description, a distribution map, notes on its taxonomy, and a key to distinguish it from morphologically similar species.
This review of Neotropical Burseraceae emphasizes developments since the last major review of the family in 2011. The Burseraceae comprise a Laurasian group (represented by Eocene fossils in the Northern Hemisphere) that originally dispersed through Central America into Amazonia. During cooling and drying events in the Oligocene, the frost-intolerant northern American progenitors were likely driven extinct; subsequently, the family experienced several vicariant events and later several long-distance dispersals across the Southern Hemisphere. From Amazonia, the family re-colonized Central America and the Caribbean. The most rapid diversifications in the Americas for the Burseraceae occurred during the Miocene in Protium and Bursera, much of it through geological events, dispersal, and habitat specialization. A number of taxonomic advances were made in Neotropical Burseraceae since 2011; these included 59 published new species overall, re-drawn generic limits in tribe Protieae, new genus records for Burseraceae in Central America and the Cerrado of Brazil, new taxa that more than doubled the number of Neotropical Dacryodes, and a recently recognized center of diversity for Protium in the Andes. Revised generic descriptions and a new key to the New World genera of Burseraceae are provided. Special attention is given to the implications of leaf architecture for characterization of clades. Monoecy (rare) and parthenocarpy (possibly frequent) are discussed, and the close relationship of dioecious trees and small bee pollination is highlighted. Most Burseraceae are dispersed by birds or arboreal mammals that carry pyrenes relatively short distances away from the mother tree; however, other modes are found in the family, including wind dispersal (rare in New World Burseraceae), clumped dispersal of pyrenes by ants and lizards, and oilbirds that can disperse Dacryodes fruits more than 30 km; some dispersers that ingest pyrenes also aid in germination. The diversity and abundance of Burseraceae in a number of regions and habitats (but especially in moist forests of Amazonia and dry forests of Mexico) are striking. This, plus the fact that the taxonomy and phylogeny of New World Burseraceae are relatively well-resolved, spotlights the Burseraceae as an important model organism for researching mechanisms of diversification, species limits, cryptic species, and “hyperdominance” in tropical forests. High chemical diversity and differences in biological activity make sense in the context of diversification and coexistence. Studies of chemical defenses support the idea of a “growth defense trade-off” and suggest that selection by different natural enemies could be implicated in the speciation process; they also show that closely related species often display high chemical divergence, and plants with the most chemical defenses have a lower number and diversity of insect herbivores. The range of physical and chemical properties of Burseraceae resin is reflected in their cultural uses, which are diverse while showing strong ethnobotanical convergence.
Resumo É apresentado o levantamento das espécies de Burseraceae que ocorrem nas formações de canga na Serra dos Carajás, no estado do Pará, Brasil. Apenas uma espécie foi registrada: Protium pilosissimum. São fornecidos neste trabalho uma descrição morfológica para a espécie, ilustração e comentários taxonômicos. Palavras-chave: Amazônia, FLONA Carajás, florística, Protium. Abstract The account of Burseraceae that have been reported growing on the cangas of Serra dos Carajás, Pará state, Brazil is presented, comprising of a single species recorded: Protium pilosissimum. A description, an illustration and comments are also provided.
