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Distribution of Najas tenuissima (A. Braun ex Magnus) Magnus in Mordovia. Indication of locations: gray (red) squares – chorological data established after publication of the Mordovian Red Data Book (Silaeva 2003).
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There are 15 plant species included in the Russian Red Book, which occur in the Republic of Mordovia: Najas tenuissima, Koeleria sclerophylla, Stipa dasyphylla, S. pennata, S. pulcherrima, S. zalesskii, Fritillaria ruthenica, Iris aphylla, Cypripedium calceolus, Cephalanthera rubra, Epipogium aphyllum, Neottianthe cucullata, Orchis militaris, Neoti...
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... It can be found in the southern regions of European Russia: Rostov, Volgograd, Saratov, Belgorod, Kursk, Voronezh, Kalmykia and Crimea; forest-steppe and steppe regions of Moldova, Ukraine; the republics of Central Asia (Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan) (Red Data Book of the Belgorod region 2019., Zerov, 1970, Red Data Book of Ukraine, 2010-2019, Didukh, 2009 www.inaturalist.org/taxa/710294-Morchellasteppicola). Morchella steppicola is considered a relatively rare species Gorlenko, 1976, Promyshlennost, 1984, Red Data Book of Ukraine, 2010-2019., but it is not listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (Khapugin, et al. 2017). Recently, single finds of this species have been discovered in the southern part of Western Europe: in Serbia (1 locality) and Italy (1 locality) (www.inaturalist.org/taxa/710294-Morchella-steppicola). ...
Morchella steppicola (Morchellaceae) Zerova is included in the main list of the Red Book of the Belgorod Region of the Russian Federation. It has been assigned category and status 3-a rare species. However, information about it is clearly incomplete, which is due to the peculiarities of its phenology and ecology, as well as the lack of systematic research aimed at finding its existing habitats. At the beginning of the 2020 season, reconnaissance surveys of characteristic ecotopes revealed 2 new localities of Morchella steppicola in unknown habitats (in the Belgorod and Shebekinsky administrative regions). The article describes these habitats in connection with the available data on the occurrence and distribution of this species, both within the region and beyond. The fact that new habitats have been identified should in no way call into question that Morchella steppicola is a species in relation to which the recommended measures should be followed: preserving existing habitats and searching for new ones, taking the identified populations under territorial protection, monitoring the abundance in known habitats.
... Accordingly, the scheme contained 309 grid cells of about 100 km 2 (10 × 10 km). Such an approach has been used previously to estimate Red Data Book plant species according to the criteria of the IUCN Red List (Khapugin et al. 2017a(Khapugin et al. , 2017b. In accordance with these results, all plant species included in the regional Red Data Book (Silaeva 2017) are recognized and named as threatened taxa. ...
Spatial conservation tools usually focus on identifying areas having species groups of interest. Consequently, there is a need to identify the main factors influencing the concentration of species (hotspots) and their locations. We asked: whether existing strictly protected areas are efficient to cover the main regional biodiversity hotspots; what characteristics are associated with hotspot arrangement; what is the minimal distance from a biodiversity research center needed to cover the main biodiversity amount. We analyzed factors influencing the spatial arrangement of 164 threatened plant species in the Republic of Mordovia (European Russia). To quantify species distribution, we used a grid mapping approach using 100 km² quadrats. We identified four biodiversity research centers (BDRC) of threatened plant species in the study area, including two protected areas, the town of Saransk, and a regional key conservation area. About 50% of species and species locations were concentrated within a 24-km radius around BDRCs. From our results, buffer zones of protected areas should have a 5–10 km width and the establishment of new protected areas should be preceded by the identification of regional biodiversity hotspots. Additionally, the correctness of protected area arrangement with plant species richness in a region should be tested.
... include in the Red Data Book) the most threatened species of a certain territory. Contrary, the assessment of plant species of the Republic of Mordovia according to IUCN guidelines and criteria (Khapugin et al. 2017c(Khapugin et al. , 2017d was conducted for species, which have already been approved for inclusion in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Mordovia (Silaeva 2017). That's why the Red List of the Republic of Mordovia includes 17.5% Near Threatened and 5.1% Data Deficient plant species. ...
Protected areas are widely considered as tool for biodiversity conservation on a global scale. Current lack of data on biodiversity and threats in federal Russian protected areas is recognised. It especially concerns patterns of spatial plant distribution in natural ecosystems in both Russia and the whole world. Hence, research of plant diversity in protected areas is very important to obtain comprehensive knowledge on the functioning and management of plant diversity refugia. We aimed to study the most threatened component of plant diversity (i.e. Red Data Book species) in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve located in European Russia. We used personal (2010–2018) and literary (1936–2009) data to obtain information on habitat preferences, IUCN status, year of the first record, spatial plant distribution in protected area and taxon’s representativeness index (RI) for 47 protected vascular plant species currently known in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve. We demonstrate the higher species richness in the vicinity of some research stations and its decrease when moving away from them. These results highlight the significance of biodiversity research. It also outlines the need to inverstigate less-studied areas (white gaps) in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve. During the preparation of the flora list for the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, we recognised an increase of the number of Red Data Book species. We thus indicate two major peaks (ending in 1960 and the other in 1987) and one insignificant peak (2013–2016) of species number increasing within the protected area. 63.9% of the total number of protected plant taxa are confirmed by only 1– 4 records: 14 Critically Endangered, nine Endangered, four Vulnerable and two Data Deficient species. This underlines the need for additional investigations. Seven plant species growing in the Republic of Mordovia occur only in the protected area, which highlights the uniqueness of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve for conservation of plant diversity. We suggest further studies of plant diversity in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and a comprehensive analysis of patterns of spatial plant distribution in the protected area.
... Moreover, a chance for Protected Area establishment to preserve of plant populations of species typically confined to different habitat types is even less. In this study, we selected two near-threatened ( Khapugin et al. 2017b,c) forest (Lilium martagon L.) and steppe (Iris aphylla L.) plant species aiming to test whether it is possible to organize protection of their populations in a single location. We addressed the following questions: (i) What are most favorable conditions for growth of I. aphylla and L. martagon in the Republic of Mordovia? ...
In conditions of vegetation mosaicity of forest-steppe zone, many threatened plant species from different coenologic groups could growth in spatially close habitats. In this study, we tested whether steppe-related (Iris aphylla) and forest-related (Lilium martagon) plants could inhabit an alone location in conditions of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. It would allow a probability to establish a Protected Area for preservation of two target plant species. For this purpose, we studied populations of I. aphylla and L. martagon in different locations, including habitats typical and atypical for these species. Using Jacquard similarity index and Tsyganov ecological scales, we compared floristic compositions and environmental variables of all studied locations. As a result, we revealed 25.3%-probability of co-habitation of I. aphylla and L. martagon in conditions of the Republic of Mordovia. Moreover, a proposed habitat was typical for L. martagon. This species has not been found in grassland habitats, while I. aphylla was registered within forest habitats. Obtained results allow to improve the Protected Areas management in the region by organization of a smaller Protected Area by conserving higher number of threatened plant species.
... Although, C. calceolus is included in the Global IUCN Red List with category Least Concern (LC), this is one of the most endangered orchid species in Europe (Kull 1999). In different regions of Eurasia, C. calceolus has been estimated as Near Threatened (Bilz 2011, Turis et al. 2014, Vulnerable (Rassi et al. 2001), Endangered (Witkowski et al. 2003), and Critically Endangered (Blinova & Uotila 2011, Khapugin et al. 2017a, Khapugin et al. 2017c. International studies on C. calceolus related to its genetic diversity (Brzosko et al. 2009, Brzosko et al. 2011, Fay et al. 2009, Kļaviņa et al. 2014, Minasiewicz & Znaniecka 2014, population ecology and biology (Blinova 2002, Brzosko 2002, Davison et al. 2013, Fardeeva et al. 2010, Gajewski & Marcisz 2014, Khapugin et al. 2014, Korczyński & Krasicka-Korczyńska 2014, García et al. 2002, García et al. 2010, Gorchakovskii & Igosheva 2003, Kirillova 2015, Kull 1998, Nicolè et al. 2005, Puchnina 2017, Stetsuk 2013, Zheleznaya 2015, impacts of environment conditions and stress-factors on the species (Blinova 2002, Czerepko et al. 2014, Kirillova 2016, Kirillova et al. 2012, Puchnina 2017, Shefferson et al. 2012, pollination (Antonelli et al. 2009, Tremblay 1994, as well as the list of publications with new records of this threatened species is continuously enlarging (e.g. ...
Cypripedium calceolus is considered as one of the flagship plant species of nature conservation. It is legally protected throughout Eurasia. Due to its wide distribution range, this Eurasian species could be considered as Least Concern, Near Threatened, Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered taxon. We performed an analysis of the status for some C. calceolus populations in Central Russia located in the Republic of Mordovia, with emphasis on populations situated in the federal protected areas. The aim of our study was to asses the modern state and the endangerment of C. calceolus populations. The environment conditions and species composition in five habitats with rare species in Mordovia were compared using phytoindication methods. Changes in stage spectrum and total abundance dynamics in C. calceolus populations over 2011–2016 were estimated and compared with available data from other locations within species’ range. Reproductive ability of populations from the federal protected area, Mordovia State Nature Reserve, were studied. The results showed that C. calceolus grows in three habitat types that differed in environment conditions and floristic composition. Convallaria majalis was the only species registered in all studied locations, together with C. calceolus. In Central Russia this species occurs in broad-leaved, coniferous and mixed forests. The three populations of C. calceolus within the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park “Smolny” were characterized by the dominance of vegetative individuals in stage spectrum, while generative plants predominated in two other populations located in mixed forests. No correlation between total abundance of individuals and stage spectrum in populations of threatened species has been found over the study period. The population in Mordovia Reserve showed a higher fruit set (36.7% as a mean) than others reported within its range. Continued population monitoring of C. calceolus in Central Russia from different habitat types is suggested. Generalization of jointly obtained demographic, ecological, phytocoenological data will be appropriate in order to develop measures for conservation and management of C. calceolus habitats.
... With increasing global population and growing demand of land for agriculture and other use, protected areas are the last hope for earth's irreplaceable biodiversity hence should be managed as effectively as possible. Protected area networks should be designed appropriately to represent a country's unique ecosystem and biological resources that has also been revealed by Mukul et al. (2017) and Khapugin et al. (2017) in their studies. Local management in this regard must be strategically tailored to the specific biodiversity features of respective PA to secure maximum conservation outcome. ...
... Moreover, these data often descriptive in nature (Kuznetsov and Silaeva 2008;Silaeva et al. 2004Silaeva et al. , 2005Silaeva et al. , 2006Silaeva et al. , 2007Silaeva et al. , 2008Silaeva et al. , 2009Silaeva et al. , 2010Silaeva et al. , 2011Silaeva et al. , 2012Silaeva et al. , 2013Silaeva et al. , 2014Silaeva et al. , 2015Vargot et al. 2015Vargot et al. , 2016. There is only a little number of publications devoted to analysis of rare plant species distribution at PAs Network of the Republic of Mordovia (Silaeva et al. 2010a;Khapugin and Silaeva 2013;Khapugin et al. 2017). Therefore, composition and structure of the flora in the PAs Network require a special attention. ...
Establishment of a protected area (PA) is a key global conservation strategy aimed to protect the Earth’s imperiled biodiversity and ecosystems. Globally, PA networks now cover nearly 15% of the terrestrial ecosystem. Despite the importance of PAs in protecting declining biodiversity and unique ecosystems, many of them are in critical condition due to poor governance, thus functioning below the expected level. Moreover, in many developing countries, the PA coverage is lower than the global standard. Recognizing their contemporary role in conservation, governments have recently agreed to expand the global PA coverage to 17% by the year 2020 (Aichi Target 11).
This book with case studies from around the world provides an overview of PA governance, institutional mechanisms, conservation benefits, limitations and challenges associated with their respective policy discourse, integrated management, and functional attributes. Chapter One provides a general overview with an introduction to the chapters, while Chapters Two through Nine present various attributes of protected area management, from policy to governance, conservation to ecotourism, and land-use/cover change to impact on climate.
Protected areas will continue to play an important role in conservation and protection of biodiversity and wild habitats, particularly in countries where population pressure and habitat loss are high. Regular intervention, political commitment, and effective governance are essential for the sustainability of PAs across the globe. In this book, we also attempted to shed some light on future developmental clues for the sustainable management and monitoring of PAs worldwide.
... Moreover, these data often descriptive in nature ( Kuznetsov and Silaeva 2008;Silaeva et al. 2004Silaeva et al. , 2005Silaeva et al. , 2006Silaeva et al. , 2007Silaeva et al. , 2008Silaeva et al. , 2009Silaeva et al. , 2010Silaeva et al. , 2011Silaeva et al. , 2012Silaeva et al. , 2013Silaeva et al. , 2014Silaeva et al. , 2015Vargot et al. 2015Vargot et al. , 2016. There is only a little number of publications devoted to analysis of rare plant species distribution at PAs Network of the Republic of Mordovia ( Silaeva et al. 2010a;Khapugin and Silaeva 2013;Khapugin et al. 2017). Therefore, composition and structure of the flora in the PAs Network require a special attention. ...
The Republic of Mordovia is located in Central Russia in the boundary of the Volga Upland and the Oka-Don Lowland in the range of conifers, deciduous forests and forest-steppe zones. The range limits of many vascular plant species are located in region. At present, most natural ecosystems are influenced by human. Most steppe plots are used as arable lands and pastures, some of which are abandoned lands. For a long time, forests had been cut down for various purposes (agriculture organisation, pearl ash production, timber production). Relatively intact or slightly disturbed vegetation elements remained in plots that are unsuitable for agriculture and on the Protected Areas (PAs). The anthropogenic impact on the environment has caused the reduction in the number of populations for some plant species known in Mordovia. Most of them are included in the regional Red Data Book. Network of Protected Areas contributes to the conservation of natural ecosystems and populations of rare and endangered plants in Mordovia. However, many populations of rare species of the Republic of Mordovia remained outside these PAs. 2004–2015, we have identified and recommended about 70 plots for organisation of their protection as a botanical PAs. In this chapter, we analyse the distribution and population of rare species in existing PAs of the Republic of Mordovia. We demonstrate increase of the representativeness of the PAs Networks (percent increase of number of rare plant populations presented in the PAs) due to its reorganisation. The reorganisation lies in the fact that the PAs Network will include all plots that we have recommended for organisation of the PAs in 2004–2015. These PAs are crucial for the conservation of flora and vegetation of the Central Russia. Taxonomical, ecological-coenotical and geographical analysis of rare plant species of the Republic of Mordovia was conducted.
... Обнаружена на территории ЗАТО Саров: в Большом и Среднем Филипповских прудах, 15.08.2014, Е. В. Варгот, Е. В. Якунина (HMNR, GMU; Редкие растения…, 2014; Vargot et al., 2016; Khapugin et al., 2017 ). Возможно появление вида в водоёмах МГПЗ. ...
An annotated vascular plant species list of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve is presented. It includes 809 species belonging to 99 families, including 693 (85,7 %) native species and 111 (14,3 %) alien species. Plants species included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Mordovia and in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation are marked. An annotated species list includes data on 44 plant species which are cultivated but didn't found in the wild.
... These publications are dedicated to the systematic treatment of the genus Najas L. (Tzvelev, 1976), the former and current distribution of species within the genus Najas, family Najadaceae (Kolesnikova, 1965;Veisberg, 2011) and Najas tenuissima (Samsel, 1939;Gorlova, 1960;Bolotova & Kozyr, 2008;Suško, 2008Suško, , 2015Issakainen et al., 2011). Our work generalises the data of the regional floristical reports (Tikhomirov, 1975(Tikhomirov, , 1986Tzvelev, 1987Tzvelev, , 2000Kazakova, 2004), Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (Tzvelev, 2008), regional Red Data Books and materials to their maintenance (Uotila & Tzvelev, 1998;Tzvelev, 2000bTzvelev, , 2004Bolotova, 2009;Shcherbakov & Kazakova, 2011;Stepanov, 2012;Silaeva et al., 2014;Resolution, 2015;Khapugin et al., 2016), floristical records (Volobaev, 1991;Chepinoga et al., 2013), European databases ...
... In 2014 the species was found completely unexpectedly in the Temnikov district, in the ponds Bolshoy Filippovsky and Maly Filippovsky, 6 km southeast of the town Sarov: 15.08.2014, leg. E. Vargot, E. Yakunina (GMU, HMNR;Silaeva et al., 2014;Khapugin et al., 2016). Shoots of Najas tenuissima have been observed at a depth of 40-60 cm on the sandy ground near the embankments and on the eastern shallows of ponds. ...
Najas tenuissima (Hydrocharitaceae) is an endangered relict species with a disjunctive range in Eastern Europe, in the Urals, in Siberia and Kazakhstan, and in the Far East, in Japan. More than 60 locations of the plant were revealed during the last 160 years. More than 30 of them are located in the waterbodies of Southern Finland. The species is known reliably in Fennoscandia, Latvia, Russian Federation (Leningrad region, Novgorod region, Tver region, Ryazan region, Republic of Mordovia, Sverdlovsk region, Chelyabinsk region, Irkutsk region, Amur region, Krasnoyarsky Krai and Primorsky Krai), Northern and Eastern Kazakhstan and Japan. The paper summarises the data on locations of the species in the above mentioned regions. We suggest that species grows in floodplain waterbodies on the right bank of the Amur river in China. Reasons why the species has disappeared are given and discussed. An anthropogenic impact on aquatic ecosystems was denoted as the main factor causing the populations’ reduction of Najas tenuissima in the XX–XXI centuries. We have shown a reduction in the number of populations found from 1857 to 1936 (in Leningrad region, Tver region, Novgorod region, Ryazan region of Russia), as well as the appearance of new populations of the species found from 2006 to 2016 (in Latvia and Russia: Amur region, Chelyabinsk region, Irkutsk region, Republic of Mordovia). We assumed the possibilities of resettlement of the species at new places. It was noted that species conservation is possible only if the territorial protection of Najas tenuissima locations will be organised.
The Republic of Mordovia is situated in the center of European Russia. It belongs to the zones of coniferous and deciduous forests and forest-steppes. Here are the geographical limits of distribution of many vascular plant species. Orchids are among the most vulnerable plants in many regions of the world. They are threatened with extinction in a high diversity of habitats, especially since most natural ecosystems in the study region are under anthropogenic pressure. For example, most steppe sites are used as arable lands and pasture, while forests are affected by deforestation and forest fires. The most intact and least disturbed ecosystems are found on sites unsuitable for agriculture and in protected areas. Twenty-four species of orchids are known to occur in the Republic of Mordovia. Many of them are included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Mordovia and in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. The network of protected areas contributes to the conservation of both natural ecosystems and orchid populations, including threatened species. Population-based studies concern some of the orchid species in the Republic of Mordovia. These data provide valuable insights into the conservation status and habitat preferences of orchids. In this chapter, we analyze the distribution and conservation issues of the orchid flora in the Republic of Mordovia, based on systematized and updated data on their distribution and taxonomy. The hotspots of orchid diversity in the study area are indicated, and the problems in orchid research and possible ways to solve them are highlighted.
