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Distribution of Hodgsonia heteroclita in North-eastern hill region, India

Distribution of Hodgsonia heteroclita in North-eastern hill region, India

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Hodgsonia heteroclita (Roxb.) Hook. f. & Thoms., one of the high oil yielding Cucurbitaceous species, is traditionally used as food and medicine by several tribal communities inhabiting North-eastern hill (NEH) region of India. These communities comprise a large part of population of this region and still maintain traditional knowledge associated w...

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... and Nepal in between 750- 1500 m a.s.l 1, 3-5 . Literature indicates that only two species of Hodgsonia Hook.f. & Thoms. (H. heteroclita and H. macrocarpa Cogn.) are found in the world as well as in India 5,7 . In India, it is distributed in hilly areas of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim ( Fig. 1) in wild habitat as well as under domestication in homesteads 6 . Besides NEH region (India), this species is widely grown in hills of upper Malaysia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Java, Sumatra and Thailand 7 . H. heteroclita is commonly known as Kadam seed, Kapayang, Lard fruit, Chinese Lardplant and locally as Thebou-lata Bilungking ...

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... Swargiary and Brahma reported the antioxidant potential of the alcoholic extract of the fruit pulp of H. heteroclita by using various experiments including DPPH radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, lipid peroxidation scavenging activity assay and phosphomolybdate assay (Swargiary and Brahma, 2017). The plant is also used as a folk medicine for the treatment of infections (Changkija, 1999), killing intestinal worms (Semwal et al., 2015), and antimicrobial activities (both gram positive and gram negative) (Basumatary et al., 2015). Numerous compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, phlobatannins, and reducing sugars have been discovered through phytochemical analyses of this plant (Swargiary and Brahma, 2017;Usha et al., 2018). ...
... ;Bhatta & Chaudhary, 2009;Shrestha & Jha, 2009;Rokaya et al., 2010;Ohba & Akiyama, 2010;Adhikari et al., 2012a;Adhikari et al., 2012b;Satyal & Setzer, 2012;Shrestha & Rai, 2012;Semwal et al., 2014;Pradhan & Bajracharya, 2014;Shaheen et al., 2016;Sangraula et al., 2017); research books and reports and some unpublished data(Niroula, 2004;Baniya, 2010;. The collected information was corrected on the basis of web pages www.theplantlist.org. ...
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The International Conference entitled “Natural Resources, Agriculture and Society in a Changing Climate” was successfully conducted in Kathmandu, Nepal during the period 17-19 August 2019. This multi-stakeholder interdisciplinary conference represents an important milestone of the NORAD funded NORHED project entitled, “Sustainable natural resource management for climate change adaptation in the Himalayan region: A collaborative project among Norway, Nepal, Pakistan and Bhutan”. The Project was a joint effort of the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Royal University of Bhutan, Karakorum International University and Kathmandu University who were project partners. The objectives of the institutional collaboration were to enhance the capacity and relevance of higher education and research related to climate change, natural resource management, and environment in a coordinated network of four universities in South Asia. The overall aim has been to develop institutional and human capacity and positively influence the formulation and implementation of policies focused on sustainable resource management and climate change related issues in the Southern partner countries. The international conference served as a forum for dissemination of project-related research along with sharing of findings from other studies conducted on related themes within the region and beyond. The papers and posters presented herein have been organized into several sub-thematic focus areas, namely, agriculture and soil management, forest resource management under changing climatic conditions, biodiversity, water security and resource management, policies and governance an economic strategies for livelihood security, and, disaster, resilience, and transformation in a changing climate. All the sessions were conducted in active participation of professionals from the policy arena as well as the professional/academic community. Key persons from both arenas were instrumental in formulating the conference declaration with a commitment for policy uptake of relevant findings from the project. Furthermore, it is anticipated that the state of the art and the findings of research studies disseminated through refereed publications and in this conference, proceedings will serve as a valuable knowledge base and literary resource to students and researchers working in the Himalayan region and abroad. Funding support provided by NORAD through the NORHED project (QZA-0485, NPL-13/0022) making the international conference possible is, hereby, gratefully acknowledged.
... The species of H. heteroclyta are unknown but have economic value and as a medicinal plant in India. Therefore, in Semwal et al. (2014) mentioned that Hodgsonia in tropical forests of Asia is increasingly scarce due to exploitation for medicinal purposes. Talambedu et al. (2017) also reported that the H. heteroclyta fruit pulpy has the potential to be antidiabetic, and by Swargiary and Brahma (2017) also referred to having antioxidant activity. ...
... For researchers from China, this plant has the potential to developed because it has high oil content and large seeds (Chien 1963). It is same as North India, according to Semwal et al. (2014), H. heteroclyta is a plant that has potential to be commercialized because of its high oil content. Furthermore, this oil is known as lard nut oil because it has seeds and the oil has taste like a lard. ...
... Furthermore, this oil is known as lard nut oil because it has seeds and the oil has taste like a lard. The oil 849 content in dendang pumpkin seeds is ± 65% (dry weight) (Sugiyono 2008) and can reach 70% (Bo et al. 2007); 71.65% (dry weight) (Cao and Zhang 2015); 62-77% (Semwal et al. 2014). based on (Bo et al. 2007) The highest content of fatty acids in Hodgsonia seed oil is linoleic acid. ...
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Purwayantie S, Suryadi UE. 2020. Plant diversity and nutrient substances of native edible plant: Case study in Suka Maju and Tamao Villages, Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 842-852. The existence of plant diversity which is wild, indigenous and edibles, needs to be preserved. The research locations in Suka Maju and Tamao Village, Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia were chosen based on population density. The purpose of this study was to determine the plant diversity and nutritional potential from both of regions. The study method used purposive sampling survey and the data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that from a total of 110 plants, the three local plant names were subjected to one species and nine species were found in both locations. So that from 98 plants consisting of 44 fruits (14 of table fruits and 30 fruits of suka-suka), 30 vegetables and mushrooms, 14 seasonings, 7 nuts, 3 cereals, and tuber. The discovery of rare genera reported from West Kalimantan, they are Hydnocarpus sp, Hodgsonia sp, and Hypoxylon spp. The highest proximate content of carbohydrate is from joluk kusuk seeds (C. lacryma jobil), fats from kepayang seeds (P. edule) and dangkuk seeds (Hydnocarpus sp), protein from sengkubak leaves (A. papuana), ash from keranji (Hypoxylon spp) and dangkuk. The highest Fe and Zn mineral content were found from sengkuang fruit (D. dao) and tepus leaves (E. foetidum), respectively. The results of this survey became an initial recommendation in the development of local wisdom for local food security.
... ;Bhatta & Chaudhary, 2009;Shrestha & Jha, 2009;Rokaya et al., 2010;Ohba & Akiyama, 2010;Adhikari et al., 2012a;Adhikari et al., 2012b;Satyal & Setzer, 2012;Shrestha & Rai, 2012;Semwal et al., 2014;Pradhan & Bajracharya, 2014;Shaheen et al., 2016;Sangraula et al., 2017); research books and reports and some unpublished data(Niroula, 2004;Baniya, 2010;. The collected information was corrected on the basis of web pages www.theplantlist.org. ...
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A baseline study on fish assemblages of the Bheri and the Babai rivers in mid-west Nepal in the wake of first inter-basin water transfer under the Bheri Babai Diversion Multipurpose Project (BBDMP) was conducted. A total of 10 sites were sampled in these rivers and their upstream tributaries during January 2018 (Winter). To supplement the study selected physico-chemical parameters viz. pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, turbidity was measured on-site using a multi-meter probe taking three replicates at each site. Fish assemblages were sampled with standard electrofishing gear with two runs of 20 minutes each. Fish were identified up to species level following standard literature. Fish abundance was measured in temporal unit called Catch Per Unite Effort (CPUE), expressed as the number of fishes collected per 10 minutes of electro fishing. The species diversity was analyzed using the Shannon- Weiner index (H), Evenness (E). All the sites were characterized by alkaline pH (8.21-8.68); rich DO values (8.15- 10.94mgL-1 ) suitable for fish survival. Conductivity and water temperature were higher in rain-fed Babai (302.33 to 468±2 µScm-1 ; 14.17 to20.98°C) than in glacial-fed Bheri (230.33 to 410 µScm-1 ; 11.86 to 16.58°C). A total of 1763 fish individuals belonging to five Orders, 11Families and 28 species were recorded. Cyprinidae was most dominant Family. The most common species were Barillus vagra and Schistura beavani. Neolissochilus hexagonolepis, Schizothorax richardsonii and Tor putitora are enlisted under IUCN Red List. The Shannon Weiner Index ranged from 0.03 to 1.95 and the Evenness values of 0.48 to 0.9 indicating fairly rich fish diversity. The result of this study could be useful information to assess the influence of inter-basin water transfer from Bheri to Babai. Keywords: Fish diversity, Inter-basin water transfer, Electrofishing, Bheri, Babai
... belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae is an important medicinal, the fruit extract of which is consumed by Bodo tribe of Assam to control high blood sugar (Swargiary et al., 2013). It is a perennial, climber plant that reaches up to 30 m in length and grows well in the hilly terrain of southern Asia such as Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Laos, and north eastern states of India (Semwal et al., 2014). Preliminary studies have shown that the alcoholic extract of H. heteroclita fruit is rich in phytochemical constituents and also possesses good antioxidant property (Basumatary et al., 2015;Swargiary and Brahma, 2017). ...
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Hodgsonia heteroclita (Roxb.) is a medicinal plant used by the people of Assam as antihyperglycemic agent. However, very less scientific studies have been conducted to confirm its medicinal property. Therefore, present study investigates the toxicological effect of plant on mice model. Acute and sub-acute toxicity was carried out following OECD guidelines. Toxicity study was designed for 14 days period by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of different doses plant extract, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Following i.p. injection the animals were continuously observed for 1 h, then frequently for 24 h, and thereafter once per day for 14 days to monitor any kind of behavioral changes. One-tenth of the highest dose of acute toxicity study (i.e., 100 mg/kg b.w.) was taken for sub-acute toxicity study and continued for 14 days with daily administration. On the 15th day, tissue samples, liver, kidney, heart, and spleen were collected and processed for histological and biochemical analysis. All the biochemical studies were done following standard protocols. Acute toxicity study revealed no toxicological effect on albino mice at the tested doses. Sub-acute toxicity study revealed slight changes in the various enzymes and molecules in control and treated mice. However, no significant differences were observed in the treated mice. Similarly, no such observable alterations were noticed in histological architecture of tissue sections of treated mice. The absence of any toxicological effects of extract of H. heteroclita suggests its suitability in medicinal systems. However, further investigations are needs to be done to see the mode of action.
... During systematic study undertaken in NHCP not only voucher materials have been added but also signifi cant information was generated. Material and information on newly described taxon [Herpetospermum operculatum- Trichosanthes -Pradheep et al., 2015); study on extended distribution Pandey et al., 2015a, Pradheep andSoyimchiten, 2016;Soyimchiten et al., 2016;Pandey et al., 2017 in press); and diversity and ecogeographic analysis of important taxa/crops such as maize, paddy, moringa, Luffa, Ocimum, Juglans (Pandey et al., 2014a, b;Semwal et al., 2014;Malav et al., 2015;Soyimchetan and Pradheep, 2016; are of greater important knowledge base available for use. Indian region-Luffa, Moringa, Ocimum, Crotalaria, etc. were studied for available diversity in the region through fi eld and study of herbarium resources. ...
... Potential species of PGR value identifi ed for new uses/new records included-Crotalaria tetragona (tum thang, Bhatt et al., 2009a), Bidens pilosa (Bhatt et al., 2009b), Plukenetia corniculata (meetha patta), Ziziphus nummularia (ber), Hodgsonia heteroclita, Abelmoschus tetraphyllus (Sukhlai) (Pandey et al., 2010(Pandey et al., , 2011aPradheep et al., 2015b;Semwal et al., 2014;Pandey et al., 2015;Rathi et al., 2016). Eco-geographic study on taxa of PGR relevance done through resources available in NHCP has supported other research programmes in the institute and has facilitating viewing new dimensions to the existing crop genepool . ...
... Apart from this the seed oil is much valued and forms the base form many Eastern medicines. [6] The fruit pulp is used by the Bodos as a remedy against diabetes. [7] Review of literature showed that till date there has been no scientific evidence that substantiates its traditional uses and thus this plant virtually remains unexplored on scientific grounds. ...
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Hodgsonia heteroclita is an important medicinal plant that has been associated with the life of different tribes of North east India over years. In view of its varied traditional use of medicine, it has been the subjected to scientific validation. The present study was aimed to evaluate the presence of various phytochemicals and estimate the total phenol, flavonoid and flavonol of the 70% methanolic extract of pulp, peel and rind of H. heteroclita fruit. The results revealed the presence of various phytochemicals like carbohydrates, reducing sugars, tannins, saponnins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, glycosides. The total phenol and flavonol content was found to be highest in rind while the pulp had the highest flavonoid. Thus it can be ascertain that H. heteroclita fruit can be used potentially as a readily available source of natural antioxidants and as a possible pharmaceutical supplement.
... Although the roots and the fruits of plant belonging to Cucurbitaceae species are very bitter, they have been used as folk medicines in some countries because of their wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. In Northeast India, the fruit bulb H. heteroclita is applied to bacterial infections in the feet (Changkija, 1999), intestinal worms (Semwal et al., 2014). ...
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The use of wild plants as food is an integral part of the culture and tradition of many indigenous communities around the world. These wild plants are the precious gift of our nature, and most ethnic communities depend on them for their day-to-day life. There are about 800 different species of wild edible plants (WEPs) in India, of which 300 species are used mostly by the tribal and rural population of the Northeastern region alone. Wild plants as food constitute a significant portion of the daily diet among the people of the Northeast region. Such edible plants obtained from the wild occupy a significant place among the indigenous community and are found to play an important role in supplementing the diet of rural people. These wild edible resources are to be explored in such a manner so that tribal people can get their due share as they have conserved it over the centuries based on their traditional knowledge. The Northeast region of India falls in the global hotspot of biodiversity, whereas WEPs have high potential. Its usage is much visible in their traditional foods and rituals. A comprehensive assessment covering six hilly states of the region, the present study indicated that the majority of these plants have high value and maximum usage of wild resources as food. With the view of reducing the gap in traditional knowledge and tapping the potential hidden resources for proper utilization, exploitation, and sustainable management of WEPs are crucial. The study discusses these issues in-depth and suggests biodiversity-based intervention to sustain the livelihood, nutritional security, and economic prosperity of the people in the NE region.
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The present compilation consists information on germplasm assembled through vigorous efforts by the explorers of ICAR-NBPGR. The information is grouped under four categories (1) trait-specific germplasm collections; (2) new species of agricultural importance; (3) species occurring in new areas i.e. extended distribution records of taxa; and (4) potential crops/species being consumed/grown by the local inhabitants that are considered nutritionally rich and locally adapted crops of future including crop wild relatives. This compilation is an attempt to document selected 75 unique plant germplasm collections out of 50 thousand valuable plants from the Indian gene centre.