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-Distribution of Chamaecytisus ratisbonensis in the Czech Republic: P occurrence documented by herbarium specimens (300 quadrants), G occurrence based on other records (63 quadrants). Prepared by Radomír Řepka.
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The eighth part of the series on the distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic includes grid maps of 106 taxa in the genera Abutilon, Achillea, Arctium, Arenaria, Arnoseris, Carex, Chamaecytisus, Cornus, Diphasiastrum, Echinops, Galeopsis, Galium, Huperzia, Isoëtes, Lycopodiella, Lycopodium, Moehringia, Orobanche, Phelipanche, Prunus,...
Citations
... We extensively examined this phenomenon in the relatively common mountain lycophyte, H. selago (L.) Schrank and Mart., the sole species of the genus reported thus far in Central Europe. This circumboreal taxon occurs in a very wide range of habitats including mountain forest understories, subalpine and alpine meadows, moist rocks, stony screes and Pinus mugo scrubs (Kaplan et al. 2019). Its chromosome number is reported to be 2n = 264 (Manton 1950). ...
Polyploidization is pivotal in plant speciation, affecting adaptability, ecological tolerance and specific geographical distribution patterns. While cytotype diversity has been extensively studied in angiosperms and ferns, knowledge in homosporous lycophytes remains very limited. Our study addresses this gap, focusing on the homosporous lycophyte Huperzia selago in Central Europe. The genome size of 1330 individuals from 208 populations were assessed via flow cytometry, revealing five distinct cytotypes (2 x , 3 x , 4 x , 5 x , 6 x ). Challenging chromosome counting using gemmae roots yielded average counts of 140 (2 x ), 204 (3 x ), and 262 (4 x ) chromosomes. The hexaploid genome size (29 pg) approached the upper limits reported for lycophytes. Tetraploids were the most abundant (72.7%), while triploids (21.3%) were less common, while the remaining cytotypes comprised less than 5% of the dataset. Geographical separation of cytotypes was not observed. However, uncommon cytotypes were associated with the Alps and triploids also occured in the highest parts of Western Carpathians. Around 27.3% of populations exhibited multiple cytotypes. Except for atypical diploids, spore abortion differed between even (21.8%) and odd ploidies (65.2%). Microcharacter (stoma, spore) proportions did not linearly correspond with increasing ploidy levels. The high ploidy-level diversity and cytotype coexistence in Central European H. selago match the well documented patterns in ferns and angiosperms. These findings provide valuable insights into lycophyte polyploidy, underscoring the necessity for broader geographical sampling and application of molecular studies to elucidate phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic classifications within the genus Huperzia .
... Distribution. Europe: Austria (Heywood and Frodin 1968), Germany (Heywood and Frodin 1968), Czech Republic (Skalická 1995;Kaplan et al. 2019), Hungary (Pifkó 2009b), Bulgaria (Heywood and Frodin 1968;Cristofolini 1991), Croatia (Lovašen-Eberhardt 1997), Romania (Cristofolini 1991), Slovakia (Holub andBertová 1988), Poland (Heywood and Frodin 1968;Danielewicz 2020). Reported from Moldova (Heydemann 1986), but no specimens were seen by us from this country and its presence is considered unlikely. ...
A group of species of Cytisus sect. Tubocytisus with strictly lateral inflorescences, commonly referred to as C. ratisbonensis s.l., is critically revised in Eastern Europe on the basis of morphology and comprehensive treatment of herbarium specimens and observations. Seven species and two presumed hybrids are recognised. Complete accounts are provided for each species, with synonyms, typifications, brief morphological descriptions, data on ecology and distributions, taxonomic and nomenclatural annotations. Cytisus polonicus is described as new to science, separated from C. ratisbonensis on the basis of morphology and diploid (vs. tetraploid) chromosome count. The lectotype of C. elongatus is superseded and a new lectotype is designated; this name has priority for the species previously known as C. triflorus . Six species names are newly placed to the synonymy: Chamaecytisus pineticola under Cytisus ruthenicus s. str., and Cytisus czerniaevii , C. leucotrichus , C. lindemannii , C. ponomarjovii and Chamaecytisus korabensis under Cytisus elongatus . The presumed hybrid between C. ruthenicus and C. elongatus , which was incorrectly known as C. czerniaevii , is described here as C. semerenkoanus . Cytisus lithuanicus , which has been an obscure name since its original publication, is resurrected for a newly-recognised octoploid species, which is endemic to eastern Poland, western Belarus and north-western Ukraine. The name C. cinereus is re-instated for the species previously known as C. paczoskii , and C. horniflorus is added to its synonymy; its complete distribution area is circumscribed, and its occurrence in Austria, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Slovakia is documented. Cytisus kreczetoviczii and C. elongatus are reported for the first time from Belarus, and the latter species also from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Slovenia. Cytisus borysthenicus and C. elongatus are reported as new to some territories in European Russia. Cytisus ratisbonensis s. str. is treated as absent from Eastern Europe. The neglected protologue of C. ruthenicus is discovered, and the nomenclature of all other names is verified and corrected when necessary. The original material of C. borysthenicus is re-discovered. Five further lectotypes and one neotype are designated. Distribution areas are circumscribed on the basis of numerous herbarium collections and documented observations, identified or verified by the authors. Chromosome counts published for nameless taxa from Belarus, Ukraine and Russia are assigned to the species according to their herbarium vouchers: C. borysthenicus , C. kreczetoviczii and C. lithuanicus are octoploid (2n = 100), C. ruthenicus is tetraploid (2n = 50) and octoploid (2n = 100), and C. semerenkoanus and C. elongatus are tetraploid (2n = 50).
... We extensively examined polyploidy in the relatively common mountain lycophyte, H. selago (L.) Schrank and Mart., the sole species of the genus reported thus far in Central Europe. This circumboreal taxon occurs in a very wide range of habitats including mountain forest understory, subalpine and alpine meadows, moist rocks, stony screes and Pinus mugo scrubs (Kaplan et al. 2019). Its chromosome number is reported to be 2n = 264 (Manton 1950). ...
Polyploidization is pivotal in plant speciation, enhancing adaptability, ecological tolerance and specific geographical distribution pattern. While cytotype diversity is extensively studied in angiosperms and ferns, knowledge in homosporous lycophytes remains very limited. This study addresses this gap, focusing on the homosporous lycophyte Huperzia selago in Central Europe. Employing flow cytometry, we assessed genome size in 1330 H. selago individuals from 208 populations identifying five distinctive cytotypes (2 x , 3 x , 4 x , 5 x , 6 x ). Challenging chromosome counting on somatic gemmae roots was applied for the three lowest cytotypes yielded average counts of 140, 204, and 262 chromosomes, respectively. Geographical separation of cytotypes was not observed. Tetraploids were most widespread (72.7%), while triploids (21.3%) were rare, and extremely rare are cytotypes 2 x , 5 x , 6x constituted less than 5% of the dataset. Uncommon cytotypes were associated with the Alps and triploids occurs also in the highest parts of Western Carpathians. Hexaploid genome size (29 pg) approached upper limits reported in lycophytes. Around 27.3% of populations exhibited mixed cytotypes. Except for atypical diploids, spore abortion differed between even and odd ploidies, approximately 21.8% and 65.2%, respectively. Microcharacter sizes (stoma, spore) did not linearly correspond with increasing ploidy levels. The high ploidy-level diversity and cytotype coexistence in Central European Huperzia selago match the well documented patterns in ferns and angiosperms. These findings provide valuable insights into lycophyte polyploidy, underscoring the necessity for broader geographical sampling and applicance of molecular studies to elucidate phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic classifications within the genus Huperzia .
... In the Polish Carpathians, it is not considered endangered, and therefore it was not included in the regional red list (Mirek & Piękoś-Mirkowa, 2008). In the Sudetes, the majority of S. selaginoides sites were located in the Jeseníky Mts. and in the southern slopes of the Karkonosze Mts., both in the Czech Republic; in that country, the species is limited to the Sudetes (Kaplan et al., 2019) and is classified as vulnerable (Grulich & Chobot, 2017). In the Polish Sudetes (Kącki et al., 2003;Szczęśniak, 2008), as well as in the whole range of the Karkonosze Mts. ...
... e first species is still present in Poland; however, it is rarer in the Western Sudetes than previously presented in the Polish literature. Selaginella helvetica was probably native to our flora and is also treated as a native element in the Czech flora (Kaplan et al., 2019). However, it is not known how stable the population was in the Opava river valley. ...
... e sites and their vicinity were checked several times aer 1945, but the individuals of Selaginella were not found. Selaginella helvetica sites in the Czech Republic have also disappeared (Chrtek, 1997;Grulich & Chobot, 2017;Kaplan et al., 2019). us natural regeneration of the Polish extinct population seems not to be possible. ...
Two species of the Selaginella genus were noted in Poland up to date, i.e. S. selaginoides and S. helvetica . The first species occurs in the Western Carpathians and the Western Sudetes, however, its Sudeten sites were less numerous than previously reported. The second species was one of the rarest elements in Polish flora. Two populations were reported in Silesia (SW Poland), but after 1945 the species was not confirmed in the nature and thus currently it is regarded in Poland as extinct. Its occurrence and locations were given in the literature based on the historical sources, yet without revision of herbarium materials. Our research on Selaginella vouchers, collected from the sites in Silesia and primarily identified as S. helvetica , showed that only one population represented S. helvetica , whereas the second one was identified by us as an alien American species, S. apoda . This is the first record of S. apoda occurrence in Poland out of cultivation, and the second in Europe. Accordingly, corrected maps of S. selaginoides , S. helvetica and S. apoda distribution in Poland together with the identification key to the species are presented.
... The mapping of the distributions of plants in the Czech Republic was initiated within the PLADIAS project in 2014. To date, 11 papers have been published (Kaplan et al. 2015(Kaplan et al. , 2016a(Kaplan et al. , b, 2017a(Kaplan et al. , b, 2018a(Kaplan et al. , b, 2019b, altogether containing 992 gridbased distribution maps of vascular plants and accompanying commentaries. The records were assembled, critically evaluated and sorted by a team of taxonomic experts and are used not only for producing the maps but also for follow-up studies such as analyses of the main geographic patterns in selected plant characteristics (Chytrý et al. 2021). ...
The twelfth part of the series on the distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic includes grid maps of 105 taxa in the genera Androsace, Anthemis, Aristolochia, Berteroa, Celtis, Cnidium, Cynodon, Descurainia, Echium, Erechtites, Euphorbia, Homogyne, Laserpitium, Linaria, Pinus, Rosa, Sesleria, Spiraea and Verbena. These maps were produced by taxonomic experts based on examined herbarium specimens, literature and field records. Both native and alien species are represented. In addition to widespread plants such as Berteroa incana, Descurainia sophia, Echium vulgare, Euphorbia cyparissias, Linaria vulgaris and Pinus sylvestris, plants that are rare or have more localized distributions were also studied, with 39 of them being on the national Red List. The highest rates of decline, smallest population sizes and the highest degree of population fragmentation are found in critically threatened species, represented by Androsace septentrionalis, Echium maculatum, Euphorbia salicifolia, Laserpitium archangelica and Sesleria uliginosa. Two species, Androsace maxima and Linaria arvensis, have been extirpated from this country; however, the former survives in a university botanical garden where it has become naturalized. With 13 archaeophytes and 41 neophytes among the mapped taxa, over a half of them are alien to the Czech Republic. Two of the alien species have become invasive. Pinus strobus has considerable physical impact on ecosystems particularly in sandstone landscapes, while Erechtites hieraciifolius started to be commonmainly in forest clearings, with this spread being facilitated by the increasing extent of this habitat in the landscape due to the recent bark beetle outbreak. Another species that regionally started to spread intensively during recent decades is Cynodon dactylon. Five species were identified as new neophytes for the Czech Republic. Of these, Aristolochia macrophylla and Pinus contorta escaped from cultivation, Euphorbia nutans and Verbena incompta were unintentionally imported with various commodities, whereas Linaria dalmatica was introduced through the combination of intentional sowing and spontaneous escape from cultivation. Important revisions and adjustments are provided for taxonomically difficult and species-rich genera such as Euphorbia, Pinus, Rosa, Spiraea and Verbena. Spatial distributions and often also temporal dynamics of individual taxa are shown in maps and documented by records included in the Pladias database and available in the Supplementary materials. The maps are accompanied by comments that include additional information on the distribution, habitats, taxonomy and biology of the taxa.
... In the Czech Republic, it was collected for the first time in 1888 near the city of Brno in southern Moravia. Since then, E. bannaticus has been recorded across the country in 22 additional grid-cell quadrants (Koutecký in Kaplan et al. 2019b). (Hilu 2003). ...
... Orobanche minor (ar ® neo). The earliest record of O. minor in Bohemia is from 1876, that in Moravia from 1904 (Zázvorka in Kaplan et al. 2019b). Most of these early records are associated with the cultivation of various clover species as forage crops. ...
We present the third edition of the complete catalogue of the alien flora of the Czech Republic, which follows the 2002 and 2012 editions. It has been updated by incorporating new data collected over the last decade and reassessing the current status of taxa based on improved taxonomic and ecological knowledge. All changes in the taxon listing from the 2012 version are documented and explained in an appendix. Based on comprehensive data sources, including the recently developed Pladias Database of the Czech Flora and Vegetation and the Archaeobotanical Database of the Czech Republic, we list 1576 taxa alien to this country, with information on their taxonomic position, life form, geographic origin, residence time category (archaeophyte or neophyte), invasion status (casual, naturalized or invasive), date of the first and last field record, grid-cell occupancy, pathway of introduction into the country, habitat affiliation and impact assessment. This edition includes 122 more taxa than the 2012 edition; 157 taxa were added and 35 were removed. Of the removed taxa, 17 were reclassified as native, eight were removed due to lack of evidence of the occurrence in the wild, records of six taxa were assessed as doubtful, and four are not taxonomically justified. The alien flora is recruited from 630 genera and 122 families, and comprises 385 archaeophytes and 1191 neophytes; most taxa are casual (1084, i.e. 68.8% of the total number), 417 taxa are naturalized (26.4%), and 75 are invasive (4.8%). The proportion of invasive taxa is almost equal for archaeophytes and neophytes (4.7% and 4.8%, respectively), casual taxa are over-represented among neophytes, and naturalized taxa among archaeophytes. The contribution of alien taxa to the Czech flora is 37.8% if all aliens are considered or 16.2% if only naturalized taxa (including invasives), which are a permanent part of the flora, are included. For all groups of invasion status, the numbers of taxa are increasing over time with no sign of deceleration. Most alien plants originate from the Mediterranean region (618 taxa, i.e. 31.5%), other parts of Europe (380 taxa, 19.4%), other parts of Asia (290 taxa, 14.1%) and North America (262 taxa, 13.4%). The highest number of invasive taxa (27, corresponding to 27.6% of all invasive archaeophytes and neophytes) are from North America. Occupancy of grid cells of 10 × 6 arc-minutes significantly increases with invasion status and residence time. Invasive taxa are present in more grid cells than naturalized and casual, and archaeophytes occupy on average more grid cells than neophytes in each invasion status category. Maps based on the cumulative record of alien species occurrence over the past 50 years, expressed as the proportion of the entire flora, show that alien species are relatively more prevalent in lowlands and large urban agglomerations. In a European comparison, the Czech Republic is currently a moderately invaded country.
... ex Schrank et Mart., S. helvetica (L.) Spring, S. denticulata Spring, S. apoda (L.) C. Morren, and S. kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun (Lawalsee, 1993). In Eastern Europe and in the European part of Russia and the former USSR, the genus is less diversified and is represented by only two species: S. selaginoides and S. helvetica, the last of which is the most widespread in this region (Vaga, Eichwal, 1960;Bobrov et al., 1974;Eglīte et al., 1993;Czerepanov, 1995;Didukh et al., 2000;Kaplan et al., 2019). ...
Based on examination of herbarium specimen that was previously misidentified as Selaginella helvetica (L.) Spring, we report the first voucher-based record of S. kraussiana (Kunze) A. Braun from the eastern Carpathian Mountains in West Ukraine. A morphological comparison of S. kraussiana with S. helvetica and S. selaginoides occurring in this region is given. Selaginella kraussiana differs from them in habit, vegetative leaves and strobili structure.
... The mapping of the distributions of plants in the Czech Republic, initiated within the PLADIAS project in 2014, has recently yielded the tenth anniversary paper (Kaplan et al. 2021). Together with the previous instalments (Kaplan et al. 2015(Kaplan et al. , 2016a(Kaplan et al. , b, 2017a(Kaplan et al. , b, 2018a(Kaplan et al. , b, 2019b(Kaplan et al. , 2020, the team of taxonomic experts has produced grid-based distribution maps of 907 taxa of vascular plants, based on examined herbarium specimens as well as critically evaluated and sorted literature, database and field records. Since the publication of the previous instalment, maps for a further 85 taxa have been finished and are included in this paper. ...
The eleventh part of the series on the distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic includes grid maps of 85 taxa in the genera Agrostemma, Berula, Bromus, Carex, Corydalis, Echinocystis, Festuca, Himantoglossum, Lychnis, Ophrys, Ornithopus, Pseudofumaria, Quercus, Salix, Sium and Vaccaria. These maps were produced by taxonomic experts based on examined herbarium specimens, literature and field records. Most of the studied species are on the national Red List. Agrostemma githago, previously a noxious weed in cereal fields throughout this country, has virtually been eliminated from arable land and is now only rarely recorded in ruderal habitats. The recently described Festuca albensis is a species endemic to three sandy areas in Germany and the Czech Republic. It is threatened due to its restricted distribution, hybridization and habitat eutrophication. In contrast to the majority of orchids, Ophrys apifera has expanded its range and colonized secondary habitats in central Europe. In the Czech Republic it was for the first time recorded in 1980. However, in spite of the increase in the number of records, most of the populations are small. Himantoglossum calcaratum subsp. rumelicum and Salix starkeana have been extirpated from this country and are classified as nationally extinct. Vaccaria hispanica has not been observed for more than three decades and is classified as missing. Besides numerous archaeophytes and neophytes, mainly of the genus Bromus, two invasive species are discussed: Echinocystis lobata has become widespread along lowland rivers and streams, whereas Quercus rubra has become naturalized in forests mainly in the lowlands and at middle elevations. Spatial distributions and often also temporal dynamics of individual taxa are shown in maps and documented by records included in the Pladias database and available in the Supplementary materials. The maps are accompanied by comments that include additional information on the distribution, habitats, taxonomy and biology of the taxa.
... This is confirmed by the sequence data: individual plants feature ITS sequences combining those of R. fluitans and R. peltatus to various degrees, and plastid haplotypes of both species are present in that population (Supporting Information, Fig. S1; Table 4). Among the rich herbarium material available from the Ohře River, many specimens indistinguishable from the parental species are present (Kaplan et al., 2019), but they most probably represent extremes of morphological variation of the hybrid swarm. The second case of introgression is more complex and involves R. peltatus, both cytotypes of R. trichophyllus and a variable assemblage tentatively marked as R. peltatus hybrids. ...
... Whether these three lineages deserve a species-level assessment and how they should be named requires further study, including broader geographical scope, detailed investigation of morphological variation and inclusion of type localities for individual names into the sampling. Even more striking, the two cytotypes of R. trichophyllus A and B are well separated by genome size and ITS sequence and differ slightly in plastid DNA, occupy different habitats (noncalcareous and calcareous waters, respectively) and have distinct geographical distributions (Prančl et al., 2018;Kaplan et al., 2019); they also show subtle morphological differences (J. Hanzlíčková et al., unpublished data). ...
Ranunculus section Batrachium (water crowfoot) ranks among the most taxonomically challenging aquatic plant groups due to morphological reduction, phenotypic plasticity, polyploidy and reticulate evolution. This study, for the first time in this group, linked morphology, genome size and genetic data (two non-coding regions of plastid DNA and the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA). This extensive data set, including 258 central European populations, enables us to recognize widespread lineages from hybrids and to trace the evolutionary processes underlying the observed diversity. Most of the traditionally recognized species are supported. However, the presence of two morphologically cryptic but genetically well-differentiated lineages was detected within Ranunculus trichophyllus, and three separate lineages of different parentage were confirmed in the Ranunculus penicillatus complex. An allopolyploid origin was revealed in Ranunculus aquatilis, Ranunculus baudotii and in both lineages of R. trichophyllus, for which the parentage has not yet been studied, and allopolyploidy is suspected in all other polyploid taxa except for the triploid cytotype of Ranunculus fluitans, which is most likely autopolyploid. We detected putative F 1 hybrids of seven different parentage combinations, including two involving Ranunculus rionii, representing the first known hybrids of this species. An additional 13 hybrid cytotypes (backcrosses or entailing additional polyploidization) were revealed; c. 20% of Ranunculus peltatus accessions seem to be influenced by introgression detectable only using sequence data. The Batrachium group is remarkable due to the coexistence of well-defined lineages with recently evolved biotypes arising due to hybridization and polyploidization.
... One effort that needs to be emphasized is the outputs associated with the Pladias 2 project synthesizing the knowledge about Czech flora and vegetation , Chytrý et al. 2021. Between 2015 and 2021, Preslia published 10 papers containing distribution maps for 907 taxa of the Czech flora, based on verified, taxonomically revisited, and updated data (Kaplan et al. , 2016a(Kaplan et al. , b, 2017a(Kaplan et al. , b, 2018a(Kaplan et al. , b, 2019(Kaplan et al. , 2020. These publications represent a crucial achievement in terms of the quality of information available to the botanical public (www.pladias.cz), ...
