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The taxonomic circumscription of Allium saxatile s.l. (Amaryllidaceae), widely distributed from Italy to China, has been controversial with the number of accepted species ranging from three to seven. The aims of this study include a morphological and molecular revision of the group, a thorough nomenclatural study of available names and the reconstr...
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... Furthermore, several new floristic records of the flora of the Rusenski Lom Valley have been published (Stoyanov 2006(Stoyanov , 2008(Stoyanov , 2014(Stoyanov , 2017Stoyanov & Kolev 2008, 2014Vassilev & al. 2012;Petrova & Stoyanov 2017). In the last years, substantial progress has been made, with new additions in the systematics, taxonomy and nomenclature, some concerning the study area (Seregin & al. 2015;Stoyanov 2019;Stoyanov & al. 2020;Mátis & al. 2023). ...
An updated checklist numbering 1076 vascular plants is presented here, based on the progress in the floristic research over the past 20 years. Data on endemic species and species of conservation concern in the Rusenski Lom Valley is also presented. The first checklist of the Rusenski Lom River Valley's vascular flora, published in 2005, included 877 species. In the subsequent years, taxonomy and nomenclature of the taxa were continuously updated, which led to the enrichment of the list with about 200 new species records.
... 8. Allium urusakiorum Özhatay, Seregin & N.Friesen (Amaryllidaceae) (Fig. 2a- The taxon is new to Bulgarian flora. It belongs to the taxonomically intricate Allium saxatile group, recently resolved by morphological and molecular analyses (Seregin at al., 2015). Two species of this group has been described from Bulgaria so far. ...
Historia naturalis bulgarica 46 (2): 27-36 ISSN 2603-3186 (online) | ISSN 0205-3640 (print) · nmnhs.com/historia-naturalis-bulgarica https://doi. Abstract: The present paper discusses new data on the distribution of 15 plant taxa, native or alien to the vascular flora of Bulgaria. Allium urusakiorum is reported to Bulgaria for the first time. Five of the listed taxa, Thelypteris palustris, Isolepis supina, Cladium mariscus, Carex punctata, and Avena eriantha are of conservation significance at regional scale. The current invasive status of the alien to the Bulgarian vascular flora Mollugo verticillata is discussed. Additional nomenclature notes and comments on some neglected herbarium records distributed in the indexed Bulgarian herbaria were included to the text.
... The most recent classification divided Allium into 15 subgenera and 72 sections based on molecular evidence (nrITS; Friesen et al., 2006). Subsequent studies have focused on the morphology, molecular-based phylogeny, evolutionary history, and biogeography of various ambiguous subgenera and sections of Allium (Seregin et al., 2015;Herden and Friesen, 2016;Li et al., 2016Li et al., , 2021Sinitsyna et al., 2016;Friesen et al., 2020;Xie et al., 2020aXie et al., , 2020bYang et al., 2023), including several novel sections and subsections of Allium (Friesen et al., 2020Khan et al., 2022;Yang et al., 2023). Several characteristics important for the taxonomy of Allium have been investigated in detail, including seed testa sculptures (Celep et al., 2012;Baasanmunkh et al., 2020Baasanmunkh et al., , 2021Yusupov et al., 2022), pollen morphology (Namin et al., 2009), bulb and scape anatomy (Khorasani et al., 2018), pistil morphology (Choi et al., 2012), septal nectary anatomy (Gurushidze et al., 2008), leaf anatomy (Mashayekhi and Columbus, 2014), and the chromosomes (Peruzi et al., 2016;Han et al., 2020). ...
Allium is a complicated genus that includes approximately 1000 species. Although its morphology is well studied, the taxonomic importance of many morphological traits, including floral traits, are poorly understood. Here, we examined and measured the floral characteristics of 87 accessions of 74 Allium taxa (belonging to 30 sections and 9 subgenera) from Central to Eastern Asian countries. We then examined the taxonomic relationships between select flower characteristics and a phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences. Our results confirm that floral morphology provides key taxonomic information to assess species delimitation in Allium. We found that perianth color is an important characteristic within the subg. Melanocrommyum, Polyprason, and Reticulatobulbosa. In subg. Allium, Cepa, and Rhizirideum, significant characteristics include ovary shape, perianth shape, and inner tepal apex. For species in subg. Angunium, the key taxonomic character is ovule number (only one ovule in per locule). In the subg. Allium, Cepa, Polyprason, and Reticulatobulbosa, which belong to the third evolutionary line of Allium, hood-like appendages occur in the ovary, although these do not occur in subg. Rhizirideum. Our results also indicated that the flower morphology of several species in some sections are not clearly distinguished, e.g., sect. Sacculiferum (subg. Cepa) and sect. Tenuissima (subg. Rhizirideum). This study provides detailed photographs and descriptions of floral characteristics and information on general distributions, habitats, and phenology of the studied taxa.
... Although the advent of phylogenomics has shed light on the phylogenetic relationships of numerous organisms, few studies have successfully used this approach with Allium, as the large genome size (> 7.6 Gb, https://cvalues.science.kew.org) and high heterozygosity of Allium species (Sun et al., 2020;Liao et al., 2022) result in low mapping rates that require high computational power. In addition, several Allium lineages have undergone recent evolutionary radiations, leading to extensive morphological and genetic polymorphisms, consequently magnifying the challenges of reconstructing a well-resolved phylogeny for the genus (e.g., Friesen et al., 2006Friesen et al., , 2021Li et al., 2010Li et al., , 2016Li et al., , 2021aLi et al., , 2021bSeregin et al., 2015;Herden et al., 2016;Sinitsyna et al., 2016;Xie et al., 2020). Thus, many questions remain concerning Allium taxonomy and evolutionary history. ...
... Geographical features, such as mountains and rivers, could act as barriers to gene flow, leading to genetic differentiation and even speciation (Seregin et al., 2015;Pertierra et al., 2020;White et al., 2020). The five distinct clusters occur in five areas (Fig. 1) that are geographically separated by physical barriers, such as Bayankala Mountains and the Yangtze River. ...
Understanding the evolutionary and ecological processes involved in population differentiation and speciation provides critical insights into biodiversity formation. In this study, we employed 29,865 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and complete plastomes to examine genomic divergence and hybridization
in Gentiana aristata, which is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) region. Genetic clustering revealed that G. aristata is characterized by geographic genetic structures with five clusters
(West, East, Central, South and North). The West cluster has a specific morphological character (i.e., blue corolla) and higher values of FST compared to the remaining clusters, likely the result of the geological barrier formed by the Yangtze River. The West cluster diverged from the other clusters in the Early Pliocene; these remaining clusters diverged from one another in the Early Quaternary. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on SNPs and plastid data revealed substantial cyto-nuclear conflicts. Genetic
clustering and D-statistics demonstrated rampant hybridization between the Central and North clusters, along the Bayankala Mountains, which form the geological barrier between the Central and North clusters. Species distribution modeling demonstrated the range of G. aristata expanded since the Last Interglacial period. Our findings provide genetic and morphological evidence of cryptic diversity in G. aristata, and identified rampant hybridization between genetic clusters along a geological barrier.
These findings suggest that geological barriers and climatic fluctuations have an important role in triggering diversification as well as hybridization, indicating that cryptic diversity and hybridization are essential factors in biodiversity formation within the QTP region.
... Alexander N. Sennikov ✉ 1 and Georgy A. Lazkov 2,3 most significant contributions were a comprehensive inventory of the genus in Uzbekistan (Khassanov 2017), a phylogeny-based revision of the Allium saxatile group (Seregin et al. 2015), and morphology-based descriptions of new species (Sennikov and Lazkov 2013, Khassanov 2015, Krasovskaya 2018, Khassanov et al. 2023. Besides, quite a number of new distribution records were published from all countries, in particular Kyrgyzstan (Lazkov and Turdumatova 2010, 2021, Lazkov and Sennikov 2017. ...
On the basis of herbarium specimens and documented observations, the taxonomic confusion around Allium filidens s.l. (including A. filidentiforme) in Kyrgyzstan is resolved. The species status of A. filidentiforme is confirmed, and this species is classified in A. subsect. Crystallina, comb. nov. In Central Asia, the A. filidens group (A. subsect. Filidentia) includes species with whitish perianth colours (A. filidens s.str., A. karakense, A. ugami) and greenish perianth colours (A. mogianense, A. valentinae). The occurrence of A. filidens s.str. in Kyrgyzstan is confirmed. Allium valentinae is reported as new to Kyrgyzstan. The nomenclature of A. filidens is clarified, and its neotype is designated. The complete distributions of A. filidens, A. filidentiforme, A. mogianense, A. ugami and A. valentinae are mapped.
... В соответствии с современной таксономической системой классификации цветковых растений он рассматривается в семействе Amaryllidaceae J. St.-Hil. и насчитывает около 1000 видов (Seregin et al., 2015;Govaerts et al., 2005). Почти треть видов произрастает в горной Средней Азии -крупнейшем мировом центре разнообразия луков. ...
The article presents the results of introducing wild species. forms and varieties of Allium L. in the South-Ural Botanical Garden– Institute, Ufa. This genus is known for many useful plants – edible, medicinal and ornamental – and for its rare species requiring protection. The collection contains 111 taxa: 92 species, plus a number of onion cultivars and forms. It includes 7 species listed in the Red Book of Bashkortostan, 35 rare species from other regions of the ex-USSR, 2 rare species from the Red Book of the Russian Federation, and 19 endemic species.
The collection serves as the basis for studying biological characteristics, agronomic and ornamental traits, reproduction and in vitro cultivation features, etc. Biochemical composition of introduced genotypes is also analyzed. Special attention is paid to the cultivation of rare onions as one of the methods of preserving their biodiversity – their reintroduction into natural habitats is possible on this basis. Most of onions introduced into the Bashkir Cis-Urals (65 species, 78 taxa in total) are stable in cultivation and possess valuable food and/or ornamental qualities, which makes it possible to recommend them for wider use in gardening and phytodesign.
... Similar splits between northern Kazakhstan, western Siberia, including the right bank of the Irtysh River up to the Altai mountains in one site, and mountainous regions in south-eastern Kazakhstan, west of Zaysan Lake in the second, have recently been discovered and molecularly confirmed in other taxa of the genus Allium: sect. Oreiprason [58]; Allium tulipifolium Ledeb. and A. robustum Kar. ...
Polymorph Allium pallasii s.l. from monotypic A. sect. Pallasia was studied using a wide spectrum of methods and divided into two clearly morphologically, geographically, cytologically and genetically isolated species: A. pallasii s. str.—North-East Kazakhstan, Western Siberia, and the Altai Mountains; A. caricifolium—Kyrgyzstan, Northwest China, South-East Kazakhstan until Zaysan Lake in the east. Despite serious genetic differences, both species are sisters and are related to species of the A. sect. Codonoprasum (Subg. Allium). Allium caricifolium differs from A. pallasii s. str. by taller stems, dense inflorescence, and with filaments longer than perianth. The possible phylogenetic reasons for the separation of these species are discussed. A nomenclature analysis of synonyms was carried out.
... The internal transcribed spacers (ITS; i.e., ITS1, ITS2 plus 5.8S gene) from nuclear DNA (nrDNA) and three intergenic spacers (IGS) (trnL (UAA) -trnF (GAA) , trnQ (UUG) -rps16, and rpL32-trnL (UAG) ) from plastid DNA (cpDNA) were selected for molecular systematic analyses, being already employed in Allium phylogenies and taxonomy with special attention to A. sect. Daghestanica (e.g., [4,5,25,[37][38][39][40][41]). ...
In this paper, Allium ducissae (the LSID for the name Allium ducissae is: 77254606-1) is described as a new species based on morphological and molecular analyses, and its taxonomic relationships are discussed. It grows in crevices on calcareous rocks, rocky slopes and grassy ledges in the subalpine belt, within two regional protected areas in the Lazio and Abruzzo administrative regions (Central Apennines, Italy). Previously, these populations were attributed to A. strictum, a species described from Siberia, belonging to A. sect. Reticulatobulbosa. The new species is distinct from A. strictum in the morphology of vegetative and reproductive structures. Indeed, it is close to A. palentinum, an endemic species to Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain). Both molecular and morphological data support the recognition of the Allium populations coming from the Central Apennines as a new species. Allium ducissae can be clearly distinguished from A. palentinum by longer and wider tepals, longer filaments, tooth of inner filament, flower pedicels, spathe appendage, and smaller seeds. Moreover, seed testa micro-sculptures revealed slight differences between A. ducissae and A. palentinum. Chromosome counts showed that A. ducissae is diploid with 2n = 16 chromosomes, as already known for A. palentinum. Molecular analyses support the affiliation of A. ducissae and A. palentinum to A. sect. Falcatifolia, contrary to what is known for the latter species, usually included in A. sect. Daghestanica. Finally, the IUCN assessment for the newly described species is proposed and briefly discussed.
... Occurrence of a polyploid complex in different sections of the subgenus Rhizirideum indicated recent origin of taxa as supported by phylogenetic and biogeographical evidences (Li et al. 2010). Areas with geographical isolation are the driving force of underestimated speciation (Seregin et al. 2015). ...
A new species, Allium negianum (Amaryllidaceae), belongs to the genus Allium subg. Rhizirideum, sect. Eduardia is described here from the Uttarakhand Himalayan region of India. This taxon grows in Malari region of Niti valley in Chamoli district and Dharma valley of Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand, India. It is a narrowly distributed species and morphologically more closer to A. przewalskianum Regel but differentiated by its tunic color of bulb, umbel with lax flowers, peduncle length, perigone colour, size and shape and leaf anatomy. Taxonomic delineation and relationship analysis based on nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) region indicated that A. negianum is distinct and related to A. przewalskianum . This study provided a comprehensive description and comparison with A. przewalskianum , an identification key and notes on the distribution of the species.
