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Fissure karst water system in Jiaozuo coal mining area is one of the typical karst groundwater systems in north China. Based on the research of hydrogeological conditions and tests and monitoring data of karst groundwater systems in Jiaozuo mining area, this paper has carried out a discussion of the evolutionary trend of karst underground water and...
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Aquifer recharge assessment is a key factor for sustainable groundwater resource management. Although main factors of the spatial and temporal variability of recharge are known, taking them into account in a distributed or semi-distributed model is still a challenging task. This difficulty is increased in karst environments. Indeed, recharge of kar...
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... Coal mine drainage is usually hard to prevent, control, and mitigate during mining activities (LaMoreaux 2019; Wu and Wang 2006). It leads almost always to forming the groundwater depression cone (He et al. 2019) in coal mines, simultaneously, abundant water resources are depletes, and water pollution is developing (Maccausland and McTammany 2007;Prathap and Chakraborty 2019;Young 1997;. According to the statistics of 2015, the total quantity of mine water drainage in China was up to 7.092 billion m 3 with 3.75 billion tons of coal production. ...
Groundwater chemical composition can be changed due to long-term coal mining activities, but it was unclear how it was induced in Taiyuan Formation limestone (TFL) regarding the lack of relevant quantitative studies. The aim of this research is to improve understanding of the chemical composition changes in groundwater of L4 limestone in the coal mining area based on the available hydrochemical and hydrodynamical reports and studies during the period 1978–2020. The systematical analysis of the groundwater composition and field allows to make the hydrogeological characterization with the relatively independent blocks by the factor groups “Planar division & Vertical zonation” and “High water pressure, Poor recharge & Little water inflow,” which determines different hydrochemical types and high TDS concentration. The long-term groundwater drainage has caused the eastern and southern limestone aquifer to demonstrate a wide range of depression cones and depletion of groundwater resources, the majority areas were dewatered, and the karstification process changed significantly. An analysis of chemical compositions changes due to extensive permanent drainage of L4 limestone water revealed the decrease in the TDS concentration. The solubility of calcite, dolomite, and gypsum changed, which resulted in the decreasing tendency of Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺ ions. Evaporation and concentration were found to be the main factors determining the L4 limestone water composition, whereas ion exchange was the primary factor for rock-water interaction. These findings are helpful for mine enterprises to take necessary measures for preventing and controlling the groundwater quality degradation from the extensive coalmine drainage.
... While the karst groundwater is convenient for human beings, people gradually realize the serious consequences caused mainly by the longterm abstraction of karst groundwater. The excessive exploitation of karst groundwater has caused a series of ecological and environmental problems in Northern China, such as the decline in the regional groundwater level, attenuation of karst springs and deterioration of water quality [9,14,15]. ...
Understanding the impact of natural processes and anthropogenic activities on geochemical evolution is vital for groundwater protection and utilization. This research was devoted to identifying the water quality status and the main controlling factors of the hydrochemical evolution of karst groundwater by combining hydrogeochemical indicators with multi-isotope analysis techniques in the Heilongdong Spring Basin, North China. The results showed that the karst groundwater in the area was of meteoric origin, and the dissolution of carbonate minerals was dominant in water–rock interactions. Meanwhile, the positive and negative cation exchange occurred in the process. The main hydrochemical types of karst groundwater were HCO3-Ca·Mg and HCO3-Ca in the recharge area, while the predominant hydrochemical types were the HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg and HCO3·SO4-Ca in the runoff and discharge area. Under the influence of coal mining and other factors, the average concentrations of major ions kept rising in the runoff area where coal mines were distributed, and the SO42− concentrations of the karst groundwater changed the most in the study area. In addition, sewage from agricultural production and domestic sources had also negatively impacted the quality of regional groundwater in the runoff and discharge area, as evidenced by the increasing NO3− and Cl− contents in the Quaternary sediment groundwater, Permian bedrock groundwater and a small portion of karst groundwater. These results were helpful to explain the mechanism of gradual hydrogeochemical changes and provided a scientific basis for the effective management and utilization of karst groundwater.
... The overall landform is piedmont alluvial fan plain, which consists of low mountain, hill, slope, and plain from northwest to southeast in sequence [21]. The altitude ranges from 78 to 1281 m, and the height of the terrain decreases from northwest to southeast. ...
Mining activity combines industrialization, urbanization, and urban-rural integration in the compound area of mine agriculture urban. The land ecological environment has become a major hidden problem, restricting the sustainable development and ecological security of the region. It is imminent to understand the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of land ecological quality and its obstacle factors to scientifically carry out land ecological restoration. Here, the Macun coal area in Jiaozuo City, Central China, was selected for the case study, and an evaluation index system including four criteria layers of ecological foundation, structure, benefit, and stress was established. The multiperiod evaluation index data were acquired by utilizing remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technology. Based on the multi-objective comprehensive evaluation method, a comprehensive evaluation of land ecological quality was conducted, and the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of land ecological quality were explored. Moreover, an obstacle factor diagnosis model was constructed to confirm the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of obstacle factors affecting the change of the land ecological quality in the study zone. The results showed the following: (1) From 1980 to 2020, the land ecological quality index in the study zone showed a downward trend, and the proportion of the regional area with general and poor land ecological quality increased from 6.55% to 35.02%. (2) The areas with lower land ecological quality in each period of the study zone were mainly distributed in the mining areas with long mining history in the west and the areas with continuous urbanization and industrialization in the south. In contrast, the compound area of mine agriculture urban with short mining history in the east and southeast had higher land ecological quality. The aggregation of the land ecological quality index also showed similar spatial distribution characteristics. (3) The diagnosis results of obstacle factors showed that, due to the poor land ecological foundation and interference of mining activities, the land ecological quality of the mountain area in the north and west of the study area has been low. It is suggested that the land ecological quality of the area should be improved through measures such as terrain regulation, soil reconstruction, afforestation, and forest land conservation. Under the influence of mining activities and the continuous promotion of urbanization in the south of the study area, the regional ecological quality has been reduced. It is suggested that the regional land ecological quality should be improved by building ecological agriculture and ecological communities. The northeast of the study area is still in the mining area, and the ecological quality of the land tends to deteriorate. The ecological restoration in this area should be conducted by the combination of pre-mining planning, while-mining control, and post-mining restoration. The methodology of this study can provide reference for the identification and restoration of land ecological problems in the compound area of mine agriculture urban.
... The Jiaozuo city is a typical coal mining city with a meandering and intriguing development path and a successful transformation model in China (Zhao et al., 2021). Proven reserves in the Jiaozuo coalfields are over 3.2 billion tons of high-quality anthracite, extending 65 km from east to west and 20 km from north to south (Keqiang et al., 2019). Therefore, the Jiaozuo mining area was chosen for the case study to verify the applicability of the proposed hybrid model. ...
The mining industry around the world is plagued by environmental concerns associated with the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources, as well as the economic issues caused by resource depletion. With the increasing awareness of these issues and the urge to realize the goal of green transformation on the road to sustainable development, green mining has been advocated and supported by the government and society. Although it has become the development trend of the Chinese mining industry, coal mines account for only a small proportion of green mine construction. As an integral approach to promoting green mining practices, it is crucial to have a scientific and reliable evaluation index and method. However, there is a lack of research in this aspect. This study addresses this research gap by developing a hybrid grey-based decision model based on the grey analytic hierarchy process and grey clustering method to evaluate the level of green mine construction. An evaluation index system containing 24 indicators divided into four groups was built according to the connotation of green coal mines. The practicality of the proposed model is verified through a real-world case analysis of the mining area in China. The work provides technical knowledge and theoretical support for the evaluation and construction of the green mines.
... Although extensive studies have focused on the sustainability of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in China, little attention has been paid to groundwater quality in the hilly area of the Taihang Mountains in Henan Province, despite its importance in groundwater recharge and transport in the North China Plain. Only Jiaozuo city, a prefecture-level city rich in mineral resources, has been studied (Huang and Chen 2012;Shi et al. 2013;He et al. 2019). It is therefore highly important to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of groundwater hydrochemistry and its sustainability for domestic and agricultural purposes in the hilly area of the Taihang Mountains in Henan Province. ...
This study evaluated the quality of groundwater and its suitability for drinking and irrigation in the hilly area of the Taihang Mountains in Henan Province, China. Groundwater samples were collected from 43 unconfined and 20 confined wells and analyzed. The pollution index of groundwater (PIG) was estimated based on the physicochemical parameters, and seven indices, including the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (%Na), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), magnesium ratio (MR), Kelley’s ratio (KR), and corrosivity ratio (CR), were calculated to qualify the groundwater within the research area for irrigation activities. Multivariate statistical techniques were performed to better understand the hydrochemical processes. Chemical analysis showed that the dominant cation and anion were Ca²⁺ and HCO3⁻, respectively, and the principal hydrochemical facies was Ca–Mg–HCO3. In terms of pH, total dissolved solids, Na⁺, Cl⁻, F⁻, and SO4²⁻, most samples were well within the limits prescribed by Chinese standards for drinking water quality, but more than half of the unconfined samples exceeded the specified limits for total hardness and nitrate. The PIG values suggested the pollution level was insignificant for all confined water samples and 72.09% of unconfined water samples, but the PIG distribution map showed that the water in the south central part of the study area had low to moderate pollution. According to the computed values of SAR, %Na, RSC, PI, KR, and MR and the results of a salinity diagram, the results further indicated that most of the studied samples were appropriate for irrigation usage. Only the CR values rendered 41.86% of the unconfined samples and 20% of the confined samples unfit for irrigation. Hence, proper measures are needed to resolve the corrosivity problem. Factor analysis resulted in the extraction of 3 factors that explained 81% of the data variability, and the extracted factors pointed towards geogenic factors governing the groundwater quality.
... The profiles show time series information in different directions. However, the curves are not smooth all over, which may have been caused by different geological conditions underground and other decorrelation errors [39]. The maximum subsidence in the two directions approximately is 0.2 m. ...
... Due to the Yanshan movement, the geological structure in the research zone is complicated and is especially controlled by the high-angle downthrown fault in the northeastern direction. The strata present a monoclinic structure with downfaulted blocks from north to south [39]. The coal seam in the research zone is mainly distributed in anthracolithic strata 547.9-553.64 ...
Coal-mining subsidence causes ground fissures and destroys surface structures, which may lead to severe casualties and economic losses. Time series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (TS-InSAR) plays an important role in surface deformation detection and monitoring without the restriction of weather and sunlight conditions. In addition, the probability integral method (PIM) is a surface movement model that is widely used in the field of mining subsidence. In recent years, the integration of TS-InSAR and the PIM has been extensively studied. In this paper, we propose a new method to estimate mining subsidence with the PIM based on TS-InSAR results. This study focuses on the improvement of a boundary constraint and dynamic parameter estimation in the PIM through the inversion of the line-of-sight (LOS) time series deformation derived by TS-InSAR. In addition, 45 Sentinel-1A images from 17 June 2015 to 27 December 2017 of a coal mine in Jiaozuo are utilized to acquire the surface displacement. We apply a time series deformation analysis using small baseline subsets (SBAS) and place the results into an improved PIM to estimate the mining parameters. The simulated mining subsidence is highly consistent with the leveling data, exhibiting an RMSE of 0.0025 m. Compared with the conventional method, the proposed method is more accurate in discovering displacement in mining areas. In the final section of this paper, some sources of error that affect the experiment are discussed.
... For the vegetation in the coal mining area, due to the destruction of land, the growth of vegetation decreases [12], and soil erosion [13,14] and desertification are intensified. In the process of mining, a large amount of mine water and waste water will pollute the local rivers and waters [15]. The waste gas produced by coal gangue spontaneous combustion not only pollutes the atmospheric environment [16] but also harms human health. ...
In this study, taking a coal mining area as an example, three vegetation restoration modes were designed: Populus L. , Ligustrum lucidum Ait. , and Amygdalus persica L. , and soil and plant samples were collected to determine and evaluate the heavy metals. It was found that all the three modes were effective in eliminating heavy metal pollution in the soil, especially Populus L. and Ligustrum lucidum Ait. ; in the soil layer at a depth of 0–20 cm, the content of Cd was the lowest (2.68 mg/kg) in Populus L. , and the content of Cr and Pb was the lowest (58.64 mg/kg and 95.36 mg/kg) in Ligustrum lucidum Ait. , which was significantly lower than that in the bare land. The evaluation results demonstrated that the pollution under Populus L. and Ligustrum lucidum Ait. modes was moderate. In the aspect of the heavy metal content in plants, the content of Cd was the lowest, and the content of Cr and Pb was high. In the same plant, the content of heavy metals in the leaf was the lowest, followed by the stem and root. The experimental results show that the vegetation restoration mode can relieve the heavy metal pollution, which makes some contributions to solve the ecological restoration problem in coal mining areas.
... The problem was reported in water inrush disasters and mine water pollution due to coal mining. This threatens the safety of local residents' mining and water supply [20,21]. For example, He [21] studied groundwater pollution caused by coal mining in Shanxi, China. ...
... This threatens the safety of local residents' mining and water supply [20,21]. For example, He [21] studied groundwater pollution caused by coal mining in Shanxi, China. Coal mining will bring a large amount of coal powder and rock debris into the soil and aeration zone, polluting pore water. ...
Nitrate pollution is considered to be one of the most common environmental problems in groundwater, especially in areas affected by human mining, such as the arid region of northern China. However, the human health risk assessment of nitrate pollution in this area has not yet been carried out. In this study, groundwater samples were taken in the Selian mining area in Inner Mongolia to conduct a full analysis of water quality. On this basis, the groundwater quality, the distribution range of nitrate pollution, and human health risks were evaluated. The results show that the groundwater in the Selian mining area is neutral to alkaline, with high salinity and hardness. The concentration of nitrate ions in groundwater generally exceeds the standard, and the maximum exceeds 5.48 times the value specified in the Chinese national standard, indicating that groundwater nitrate pollution needs to be controlled urgently. Groundwater is polluted by large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer used by humans in agricultural activities. At the same time, mining activities have accelerated the severity and spread of pollution. Groundwater is not recommended for direct human life and irrigation use in the study area unless purification measures are taken. Nitrate pollution is more harmful to children through groundwater, about 1.54 times that of adults. Excess nitrate is transported into the body through drinking groundwater, so proper drinking water control will reduce the health risks of nitrate, such as centralized water supply. This study will provide a scientific basis for the rational use of groundwater and nitrate pollution control in the area.
... Chen et al. (2015a, b) established hydraulic connectivity among the Jiaozuo coal-mining district aquifers based on the structure of the coal mining area, hydrochemistry, and isotopic characteristics. He et al. (2019) discussed the evolutionary trend of karst groundwater in the Jiaozuo mining area. And by analyzing examples of floor water inrush in the Jiaozuo mining area, Qiao (2011) proposed the regularity of water yield and the probability of water inrush. ...
Multiple runoff connections for groundwater supply and water quality evolution mechanisms were disclosed using hydrochemistry, multivariate statistics, stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, and inverse hydrogeochemical modeling in a multi-layer groundwater system in a north China coal-mining district. Groundwater quality was mainly influenced by dissolution and weathering of carbonate, silicate, gypsum, halite, and fluorite, as well as cation exchange. Sulfate enrichment in the Carboniferous limestone aquifer may be due to pyrite oxidation, while gypsum dissolution and sewage contribute sulfate to the Quaternary alluvium. The Ordovician limestone groundwater is hydraulically connected to the other two aquifers. Incongruent dissolution of dolomite occurs when the Ordovician limestone water contacts the Carboniferous aquifer, while evaporation occurs when the Ordovician limestone water migrates upward through fractures to the Quaternary aquifer.
