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Festuca karatavica (Bunge) B. Fedtsch. (subgen. Xanthochloa) is reported as a new species and subgenus record for the flora of Iran from Binalood mountain range in Khorassan. This species is morphologically compared with its closely related species of Festuca subgen. Leucopoa in Iran. Illustration, distribution map and notes on biogeography, conser...
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... or new localities for the relevant species. In this paper, Festuca karatavica (subgen. Xanthochloa ) is reported as a new record for the flora of Iran and compared with its closely related species in subgen. Leucopoa . Additional notes on taxonomy and biogeography of the species are provided. Herbarium specimens of the grasses, collected from NE Iran, were examined and identified using relevant literatures (Krechetovich & Bobrov 1934, Bor 1970, Tzvelev 1976, Alexeev 1979, Markgraf-Dannenberg 1985). All specimens are preserved in Herbarium of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUMH). The distribution map of the species has been provided using geo-referenced distribution data from Flora Iranica (Bor 1970) and FUMH in DIVA-GIS 7.3 software. The threat status of the species has been determined based on IUCN Red List categories and criteria (IUCN 2010). Festuca subg . Xanthochloa (Krivot.) Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56 (9): 1253 (1971). Festuca karatavica ( Bunge) B. Fedtsch., Rastit. Turkest. 136 (1915). Fig. 1. Perennial, densely tufted. Culms 50-100 (-140) cm, glabrous, at base tightly enveloped by brownish butt sheaths. Leaf sheaths glabrous on surface; ligule an eciliate membrane, truncate, 1.5-5 mm long; leaf blades flat, stiff, glaucous, at apex acuminate, glabrous on surface, 20-45 cm long, 2-10 mm wide. Panicle contracted, linear or oblong, 9-18 cm long; primary branches 1-3 cm long. Spikelets comprising 3-5 florets, at apex with diminished florets, ovate, 7-9 mm long, yellowish. Glumes persistent; lower glume lanceolate, 3.5-4 mm long; upper glume ovate, 4-5 mm long. Lemma ovate, acute, on surface scaberulous, 5-6 mm long, 5- nerved. Palea 2-nerved, on keels scaberulous. Lodicules 2, membranous. Anthers 3, 3-3.5 mm long. Ovary glabrous. Caryopsis obovate. Examined specimens. Khorassan: W Mashhad, 12 km southwest of Zoshk village, 2100-2500 m, Joharchi & Zangooei 20591 (FUMH); W Mashhad, above Kang village, Binalood Mts., 1800 m, Faghihnia & Zangooei 18634 (FUMH); W Mashhad, Binalood Mts., Foresgeh mountains, 2100 m, Faghihnia & Zangooei 18732 (FUMH); S Mashhad, Pivejen, 2100 m, Rashed & Rezaei 10243 (FUMH); W Mashhad, near Dehbar, Rezaei & Mahvan 10508 (FUMH); NW Mashhad, Gholmakan, Cheshmeh-Sabz, Ayatollahi & Zangooei 13276 (FUMH); W Mashhad, Binalood Mts., between Cheshmeh-Sabz and Boojan, Rashed & Ayatollahi 13413 (FUMH). Phytogeography and ecology: General distribution of this Irano- Turanian species is from western Tian Shan, southwestern Pamir-Alay, to northeastern and north- central parts of Afghanistan (Bor 1970, Tzvelev 1976). The newly recorded specimens from Binalood Mountains extend the distribution range of F. karatavica more westward to NE Iran (Fig. 2). Ecologically, it grows in higher mountain and alpine areas on stony slopes, rocks and screes. In Binalood, it is usually inhabited on metamorphic schistose rocks in high elevations between 1800 up to 3000 m. Westward, in calcareous rocky slopes of North Khorassan province (Aladagh and Salook and Shah-Jahan Mts.), F. karatavica is replaced by F. sclerophylla , a closely related species which its distribution range extends through Alborz and central Zagros towards north-eastern Turkey and Caucasian mountains (Fig. 2). According to the extent of occurrence and its very peculiar habitats which are highly sensitive to climate change, F. karatavica is evaluated as an endangered (EN, B1ab(ii, iii)) species in Iran. Taxonomy: F. karatavica belongs to subgenus Xanthochloa , a group of broad-leaved perennial Festuca species that differs from subg. Schedonorus (P.Beauv.) Peterm. by lacking auricles and lemma awns, and from subg. Drymanthele V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov by hyaline glumes. Festuca karatavica is closely related to the species of subg. Leucopoa (Griseb.) Tzvelev, however, it differs from the species of the latter subgenus by glabrous ovary (Tzvelev 1976, Alexeev 1979) and also by contracted yellowish panicles (Fig. 1). F. karatavica can be distinguished from F. sclerophylla by its shorter and contracted panicles, shorter primary branches of panicles and its yellowish spikelets (Table 1). Based on our observations, the spikelets of F. karatavica are usually 3-5 flowered. This character state agrees with the original description by Bunge (1851) and also with the description in Flora of the USSR (Krechetovich & Bobrov 1934). However, Bor (1970) recorded 7-9 florets in spikelets based on the specimens collected from Afghanistan. The leaf width in our specimens collected from Binalood Mts. varies between 2 up to 10 mm which is much wider than the ranges recorded in original description and in Flora Iranica. Although dioecism is not a major phenomenon in family Poaceae, there has been recorded ...
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... or new localities for the relevant species. In this paper, Festuca karatavica (subgen. Xanthochloa ) is reported as a new record for the flora of Iran and compared with its closely related species in subgen. Leucopoa . Additional notes on taxonomy and biogeography of the species are provided. Herbarium specimens of the grasses, collected from NE Iran, were examined and identified using relevant literatures (Krechetovich & Bobrov 1934, Bor 1970, Tzvelev 1976, Alexeev 1979, Markgraf-Dannenberg 1985). All specimens are preserved in Herbarium of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUMH). The distribution map of the species has been provided using geo-referenced distribution data from Flora Iranica (Bor 1970) and FUMH in DIVA-GIS 7.3 software. The threat status of the species has been determined based on IUCN Red List categories and criteria (IUCN 2010). Festuca subg . Xanthochloa (Krivot.) Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56 (9): 1253 (1971). Festuca karatavica ( Bunge) B. Fedtsch., Rastit. Turkest. 136 (1915). Fig. 1. Perennial, densely tufted. Culms 50-100 (-140) cm, glabrous, at base tightly enveloped by brownish butt sheaths. Leaf sheaths glabrous on surface; ligule an eciliate membrane, truncate, 1.5-5 mm long; leaf blades flat, stiff, glaucous, at apex acuminate, glabrous on surface, 20-45 cm long, 2-10 mm wide. Panicle contracted, linear or oblong, 9-18 cm long; primary branches 1-3 cm long. Spikelets comprising 3-5 florets, at apex with diminished florets, ovate, 7-9 mm long, yellowish. Glumes persistent; lower glume lanceolate, 3.5-4 mm long; upper glume ovate, 4-5 mm long. Lemma ovate, acute, on surface scaberulous, 5-6 mm long, 5- nerved. Palea 2-nerved, on keels scaberulous. Lodicules 2, membranous. Anthers 3, 3-3.5 mm long. Ovary glabrous. Caryopsis obovate. Examined specimens. Khorassan: W Mashhad, 12 km southwest of Zoshk village, 2100-2500 m, Joharchi & Zangooei 20591 (FUMH); W Mashhad, above Kang village, Binalood Mts., 1800 m, Faghihnia & Zangooei 18634 (FUMH); W Mashhad, Binalood Mts., Foresgeh mountains, 2100 m, Faghihnia & Zangooei 18732 (FUMH); S Mashhad, Pivejen, 2100 m, Rashed & Rezaei 10243 (FUMH); W Mashhad, near Dehbar, Rezaei & Mahvan 10508 (FUMH); NW Mashhad, Gholmakan, Cheshmeh-Sabz, Ayatollahi & Zangooei 13276 (FUMH); W Mashhad, Binalood Mts., between Cheshmeh-Sabz and Boojan, Rashed & Ayatollahi 13413 (FUMH). Phytogeography and ecology: General distribution of this Irano- Turanian species is from western Tian Shan, southwestern Pamir-Alay, to northeastern and north- central parts of Afghanistan (Bor 1970, Tzvelev 1976). The newly recorded specimens from Binalood Mountains extend the distribution range of F. karatavica more westward to NE Iran (Fig. 2). Ecologically, it grows in higher mountain and alpine areas on stony slopes, rocks and screes. In Binalood, it is usually inhabited on metamorphic schistose rocks in high elevations between 1800 up to 3000 m. Westward, in calcareous rocky slopes of North Khorassan province (Aladagh and Salook and Shah-Jahan Mts.), F. karatavica is replaced by F. sclerophylla , a closely related species which its distribution range extends through Alborz and central Zagros towards north-eastern Turkey and Caucasian mountains (Fig. 2). According to the extent of occurrence and its very peculiar habitats which are highly sensitive to climate change, F. karatavica is evaluated as an endangered (EN, B1ab(ii, iii)) species in Iran. Taxonomy: F. karatavica belongs to subgenus Xanthochloa , a group of broad-leaved perennial Festuca species that differs from subg. Schedonorus (P.Beauv.) Peterm. by lacking auricles and lemma awns, and from subg. Drymanthele V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov by hyaline glumes. Festuca karatavica is closely related to the species of subg. Leucopoa (Griseb.) Tzvelev, however, it differs from the species of the latter subgenus by glabrous ovary (Tzvelev 1976, Alexeev 1979) and also by contracted yellowish panicles (Fig. 1). F. karatavica can be distinguished from F. sclerophylla by its shorter and contracted panicles, shorter primary branches of panicles and its yellowish spikelets (Table 1). Based on our observations, the spikelets of F. karatavica are usually 3-5 flowered. This character state agrees with the original description by Bunge (1851) and also with the description in Flora of the USSR (Krechetovich & Bobrov 1934). However, Bor (1970) recorded 7-9 florets in spikelets based on the specimens collected from Afghanistan. The leaf width in our specimens collected from Binalood Mts. varies between 2 up to 10 mm which is much wider than the ranges recorded in original description and in Flora Iranica. Although dioecism is not a major phenomenon in family Poaceae, there has been recorded ...
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Citations
... Trisetum Pers. (1805: 97); [Bor 1970, Assadi 1988, Barberá et al. 2017, Talebi et al. 2022 , Catalán et al. 2007, Faramarzi et al. 2012, Foggi & Müller 2009, Hosseini et al. 2013a, Hosseini et al. 2013b, Memariani & Arjmandi 2013, Gutermann et al. 2014, Kellogg 2015Raeisi Chehrazi et al. 2014, Foggi et al. 2017 [Bor 1970, Alexeev 1971, Davis 1985, Darbyshire 1993 [Bor 1970, Stace 1985, Soreng et al.2015. . Catapodium rigidum (L.) C. E.Hubb. ...
This paper provides a taxonomic treatment for the large angiosperm family, the Poaceae, in Iran. The last comprehensive review of Iranian Grasses (Poaceae) dates back to half a century ago in Flora Iranica. Since then, a number of taxa have been described as new species or newly recorded from Iran, and some names have been placed in synonym. This study presents a comprehensive and updated account of all reported Iranian grasses and their classification. The results include 128 genera, 477 species, 64 subspecies and 44 varieties belonging to 37 subtribes, 19 tribes, and seven subfamilies, of which 28 taxa are endemic for Iran. The genera, Elymus, with 7 species and Festuca, with 5 species have the highest number of endemic species. The most diverse genera in Iran are, Bromus (39 spp.), Festuca (27 spp.), Stipa (27 spp.), and Poa (26 spp.). Poeae is the largest tribe, and Pooideae is the largest subfamily in Iran. This paper provides a new name, Festuca neopersica a new combination, Leymus europaeus as well as nomenclatural modifications on the basis of recent taxonomic and molecular investigation of Poaceae taxa related to Iran. The comparison of the species distribution in Iran with that in neighboring countries indicates that Turkey has the most and the Arabian Peninsula the least species in common with Iran, with 305 (64%) and 156 (32%) species, respectively. The species shared with Iran, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia are placed mainly in PACMAD clade, while the species shared with Iran, Turkey and Transcaucasia are mainly placed in PEB clade. Grasslands in Iran are in need of more protection as a result of climatic change and human actions.
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