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Distribution map: 1-Hellenocarum multiflorum; 2-H. strictum; 3-H. amplifolium (= Neomuretia amplifolia a); 4-H. pisidicum (= Neomuretia pisidica); 5-Carum (= Hellenocarum) depressum.
Source publication
Phylogenetic relationships among the species of Hellenocarum and its close allies (Umbelliferae-Apioideae) were investigated using nuclear (ITS, ETS) and plastid (psbA-trnH intergenic spacer) DNA sequences. The results obtained were supplemented with an examination of morphology from herbarium and field-collected materials, as well as details of fr...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... SE Italy, S Albania, Greece, Crete, Turkey (W Anatolia: İzmir), E Aegean Islands ( Figure ...
Context 2
... distribution of all Hellenocarum species and Carum depressum is shown in Figure 6. The species of the Hellenocarum-I clade are distributed from southern Italy to Turkey (western Anatolia), with H. multiflorum widespread in this region. According to Meikle (1977), the occurrence of H. multiflorum in Cyprus should be regarded as questionable, since many of the records from Cyprus in Flora Graeca are known to be erroneous. Hellenocarum strictum occurs in the northern part of the Balkans and the northern islands of the Aegean Sea. The species of the Hellenocarum-II clade are distributed further east than those of the Hellenocarum-I clade. Hellenocarum pisidicum is a local endemic of limestone cliffs in Antalya (Turkey); H. amplifolium is known from only a few locations in western Iran and northern ...
Context 3
... Balkans (Albania, Macedonia, N Greece), N Aegean Islands ( Figure 6). Neomuretia Kljuykov, Degtjareva & Zakharova gen. nova ...
Context 4
... Iran (W: Kordestan, Kermanshah; C: Chaharmahal va Bakhteyari; S: Khuzestan), Iraq ( Figure ...
Context 5
... Greece, Peloponnese ( Figure 6). Hellenocarum multiflorum (Sm.) H.Wolff, 1927, in Engl. Pflanzenr. 90 (IV, 228): ...
Citations
... All the primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions are those described by Doğru-Koca et al. (2020). Ingroup and outgroup taxa were selected according to Downie et al. (2010), Calviño et al. (2016), Degtjareva et al. (2009Degtjareva et al. ( , 2013, Zakharova et al. (2012Zakharova et al. ( , 2016, Plunkett (2009), andPrieto et al. (2018). Numerous sequences that represented almost all tribes of Apiaceae were gathered from GeneBank. ...
... Both trees, based on rps16 and ITS datasets, are fully in congruence with previous hypotheses (Downie et al. 2010;Degtjareva et al. 2009Degtjareva et al. , 2013Zakharova et al. 2012Zakharova et al. , 2016Calviño et al. 2016). Similar to Calvino et al. (2016), there are topological conflicts between ITS and rps16 trees, especially with clades Careae and Pyramidoptereae. ...
... Downie et al. (2010) noted that Carum and Bunium are polyphyletic genera. Recent studies concluded by some taxonomic treatments that are determinations of new genera such as Parapimpinella and Neomuretia (Prieto et al. 2014;Zakharova et al. 2016). Degtjareva et al. (2009) All these clades are weakly supported (PP < 0.7, BS < 50). ...
In this study, the Aegean endemic genus Microsciadium was first evaluated in light of both ribosomal and chloroplast DNA datasets. According to the literature, Microsciadium minutum was determined as Cuminum minutum, then transferred to Carum (as C. minutum), and then Azorella (as A. minuta). Interestingly, these three genera belong to different tribes, even to different subfamilies. Since the phylogenetic position of Microsciadium was unknown, we analyzed this monotypic genus with a broad sampling of Apiaceae based on rps16 intron and an internal transcribed spacer. Microsciadium is well nested in the tribe Pyramidoptereae in Apioideae based on both datasets. Also, this genus is closely related to Hellenocarum. In addition, the detailed description, photographs, and micrographs of M. minutum are presented. The name is lectotypified here.
... Although previous studies of the integrative taxonomy of Carum have revealed a wide diversity of its species and their groups in its entire geographical range (Papini 2006, Papini et al. 2007, Zakharova et al. 2012, 2014, 2016, several poorly known species are yet to be considered. The major objective of this study was therefore to ascertain the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships within and among the species native to North Africa. ...
In Northwest Africa (Morocco), Carum (Apiaceae/Umbelliferae) is represented by six little known species. In order to clarify the relationships of these species within Carum, we conducted detailed morphological studies and molecular sequence analysis of four species (C. atlanticum, C. jahandiezii, C. lacuum and C. proliferum) based on the nuclear DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and plastid rps16 intron (rps16) regions. According to the molecular data, the Moroccan Carum species form three isolated evolutionary lines distant from that of the generitype C. carvi. The morphological study demonstrated that fruits of C. atlanticum belong to a carpological type markedly different from that of other Carum species. Based on the correlation of obtained carpological and molecular data, we propose to transfer C. atlanticum to the new monotypic genus Berberocarum, endemic to the High Atlas Mountains.
... In another study, Bani et al. [13] indicated detailed morphological and anatomical characters of genus Grammosciadium and made some taxonomical regulations by using statistical applications with these characters. Moreover, Zakharova et al. [14], used also fruit anatomy to support the molecular investigations to clarify the taxonomy of the genus Hellenocarum H.Wolff. ...
The genus Grammosciadium is a member of the family Apiaceae and has four taxa namely G. daucoides, G. macrodon subsp. macrodon, G. macrodon subsp. nezaketiae and G. cornutum distributed in Turkey. Because the fruit anatomical characters are distinctly important for the taxonomy of the family Apiaceae, this study includes the detailed anatomy of the fruits of the genus. Moreover, some measurements from the fruit anatomy are given. Besides the general anatomy of them, the taxa are evaluated by both qualitative characters such as mericarp types and clarity of ribs and quantitative characters such as number of vascular bundles, number of vittae, size of mericarp, vittae, endosperm and vascular bundles. All the data presented in this research study may be used as a basis for all possible research on the taxonomy of the family and the genu.
... Neomuretia pisidica (Kit Tan) Kljuykov, Degtjareva & Zakharova (syn. Hellenocarum pisidicum) is an endemic species growing in the Karaman province of Turkey (Zakharova et al., 2016). Apiaceae species are among the richest in essential oils (Baser&Kirimer, 2014;Oroojelian et al., 2010;Sarebkhar&Iranshahi, 2010;Tabanca et al., 2006). ...
The fruits, aerial parts and roots of Neomuretia pisidica (Kit Tan) Kljuykov, Degtjareva & Zakharova were extracted with n-hexane. Total of 18 compounds were characterised by GC analyses of the n-hexane extracts. Main volatile components of the n-hexane extract of aerial parts were characterized as 1,8-cineole (23.4%), camphor (21.4%), 2-ethyl hexanol (14.6%), α-pinene (7.2%), and verbenone (6.4%). Methyl linoleate (19.3%), 1,8-cineole (16.5%), camphor (13.2 %), α-pinene (6.1 %) and 2-ethyl hexanol (4.9%) were found in the n-hexane extract of roots. Whereas, 1,8-cineole (23.3 %), camphor (20.3%), 2-ethyl hexanol (14.2 %), α-pinene (9.9%), and limonene (4.1%) were the major components of the n-hexane extract of fruits. Antimicrobial activity were identified using a microdilution assay against selected human pathogenic strains. The most potent inhibitor activities with 156 µg/mL concentrations were detected against S. aureus and E. faecalis.
... As the tribal placement on the molecular phylogenetic tree of Apiaceae has more or less stabilized, available molecular data provide a framework in which to examine relationships of the taxa with monocotylar embryos. Recent attempts to investigate patterns in cotyledon number variation have been made in Bunium L. and its allies (Degtjareva et al., 2009(Degtjareva et al., , 2013Zakharova et al., 2016). Molecular data corroborate the morphologybased hypothesis of Haccius (1952), suggesting that monocotyly in Apiaceae has arisen several times. ...
... The Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree was used. Information about the cotyledon number in taxa of Apiales was obtained from specimen observations and the literature (Irmisch, 1854;Haccius, 1952;Cerceau-Larrival, 1962;Engstrand, 1973;Burtt, 1991;Pimenov & Kljuykov, 2002;Tilney et al., 2009;Kljuykov et al., 2014;Petrova, 2016;Petrova et al., 2016;Zakharova et al., 2016;Zakharova, 2017) ...
... taxonoMy and systeMatic position of Monocotyledonous apiaceae Before the present study, seedlings with a single cotyledon were known in 14 of the > 460 recognized genera of Apiaceae: Acronema, Astomaea Rchb., Bunium, Conopodium, Elaeosticta, Erigenia, Geocaryum, Hellenocarum, Horstrissea, Kozlovia, Neomuretia, Scaligeria, Sinocarum and Stefanoffia (Haccius, 1952;Engstrand, 1973;Pimenov & Kljuykov, 2002;Kljuykov et al., 2014;Zakharova et al., 2016;Petrova et al., 2016). Haccius (1952) would have added Orogenia S.Watson to this list, but its embryo was too young to ascertain the cotyledon number. ...
In Apiaceae, embryos of most species have two cotyledons, but some species are consistently monocotylar. Traditionally, the monocotyly has been considered as taxonomically important at the generic level, despite its presumably multiple origins in the family. In this study, a survey of the published literature and our new findings on cotyledon number, embryo and seedling morphology and nrDNA ITS sequence data are presented to provide modern insights into the taxonomic distribution and phylogenetic relationships of monocotylar taxa. A molecular phylogenetic tree representing much of the diversity of monocotylar Apiaceae was produced to re-evaluate the potential implication of monocotyly for systematics and to elucidate its evolutionary significance in the family. Our data document the presence of monocotylar seedlings in 59 species representing 15 genera, in three species and one genus (Postiella) of which monocotylar seedlings are reported for the first time. Analysis of ITS sequence data indicates that monocotyly in Apiaceae has arisen independently in at least seven different lineages encompassing five of 41 major clades of subfamily Apioideae, but not in early-diverging lineages. Parallel evolution has resulted in a remarkable morphological similarity in monocotylar embryo and seedling organization, especially in the proportion of the cotyledon length to the axis of the embryo and the multifunctional cotyledonary tube in the seedling. These features could be considered as adaptations to a geophilic life form, as all monocotylar species are perennial herbs with tuberous underground organs distributed mainly in the Ancient Mediterranean region. The single cotyledon in Apiaceae, as in most other monocotyledonous eudicots, could be interpreted as two united cotyledons (syncotyly), but further developmental studies are needed to test this hypothesis.
... Researchers have previously tried to match morphological evolution with the molecular framework in the subfamily (Jiménez-Mejías and Vargas, 2015;Wojewódzka et al., 2019). The Apioideae exhibit considerable morphological diversity, especially in fruit characters, which is a model trait that has received significant attention in studies of the genetic basis of morphological change (Xiang et al., 2017), and they have long played a key role in the classification of Apioideae (Jiménez-Mejías and Vargas, 2015;Zakharova et al., 2016;Liu and Downie, 2017;Lyskov et al., 2017;Wojewódzka et al., 2019). However, the absence of unique characters for most of the major clades and the incongruence between phylogenies make it difficult to describe synapomorphies supporting natural groups. ...
Background and aims:
The long-standing controversy in Apioideae concerns relationships among the major lineages of this subfamily, which led to comprehensive study for fruits and evolutionary history of the whole subfamily cannot be implemented accurately. Here we attempt to use single copy genes (SCGs) generated from transcriptome datasets to generate a reliable species tree and explore the evolutionary history of Apioideae.
Methods:
Total of 3351 SCGs were generated from 27 transcriptome datasets and one genome, and further used for phylogenetic analysis using coalescent-based methods. Morphology and anatomy of the fruits were studied in combination with the species tree. Eleven SCGs were screened out for dating analysis with two fossils selected for calibration.
Key results:
A highly supported species tree were generated with topology [Chamaesieae, (Bupleureae, (Pleurospermeae, (Physospermopsis Clade, (Group C, (Group A, Group B)))))] differing from the previous. Daucinae and Torilidinae skipped out of tribe Scandiceae and existed as sister groups to Acronema Clade. Five branches (I~V) of species tree showed low quartet supports but strong local posterior probabilities. Dating analysis suggested that Apioideae originated around 56.64 Ma (95 % HPD, 45.18~73.53 Ma).
Conclusions:
This study resolves a controversial phylogenetic relationship in Apioideae based on 3351 SCGs and coalescent-based species tree estimate methods. Gene trees that contributed to the species tree may undergoing rapid evolutionary divergence and incomplete lineage sorting. Fruits of the Apioideae might evolve in two directions, anemochorous and hydrochorous, with epizoochorous as a derived mode. Molecular and morphological evidence suggested Daucinae and Torilidinae should be restored as tribe. Our results provide new insights into the morphological evolution of this subfamily, which may contribute to a better understanding of species diversification in Apioideae. Molecular dating analysis suggests that uplift of the QTP and climate changes probably drive rapid radiation speciation and diversification of Apioideae in the QTP region.
... Although some genera appeared well supported morphologically, they have proved polyphyletic and been divided into smaller genera such as Canaria Jim.-Mejías & P. Vargas and Modesciadium P. Vargas & Jim.-Mejías (Jiménez-Mejias and Vargas 2015), Elwendia Boiss. (Degtjareva et al. 2009Degtjareva et al. , 2013), Neomuretia Kljuykov, Degtjareva & Zakharova (Zakharova et al. 2015), Tiedemannia DC. and Harperella Rose (Feist and Downie 2008, Feist et al. 2012). Similarly, in a phylogenomic study (Arbizu et al. 2014b ), Daucus L. was found not monophyletic because Rouya Coincy nested within the Daucus clade. ...
Tordylium is a medium-sized genus characterized by an annual habit, 1-3-pinnate leaves, dorsally compressed mericarps, and thickened mericarp margins. Eighteen Tordylium species occur in Turkey, of which seven are endemic. Although the morphology of the genus is well known, evolutionary relationships among its species have never been evaluated. In this study, phylogenetic relationships within Tordylium are investigated using parsimony analysis based on morphological data from 17 ingroup and 15 outgroup taxa from Turkey. The results indicate that Tordylium is paraphyletic due to the inclusion of Ormosciadium. Further, it suggests that Hasselquistia, Condylocarpus and Ainsworthia are nested within Tordylium, confirming their current taxonomic treatment as synonyms. Within the paraphyletic Tordylium, two major clades are apparent, but these clades are not compatible with the current sub-generic classification. Tordylium lanatum, T. aegyptiacum and T. elegans, which have dimorphic mericarps, form a monophyletic subclade. In addition, it is suggested that T. aegaeum should be accepted as a distinct species rather than as a synonym of T. pestalozzae.
Narrow endemism is the core of plant diversity in flora of the Mediterranean Basin, which is among the world’s 36 biodiversity hotspots. The Mediterranean genus Kundmannia (Careae, Apioideae) comprises just three species, K. sicula, K. anatolica, and K. syriaca. Notably, K. sicula has a wide distribution from the western Mediterranean to Greece, while K. anatolica and K. syriaca occur only in Turkey’s Taurus Mountains, which is a phylogeographical hotspot. Initially, the aim herein was to determine the phylogenetic placement of the genus Kundmannia based on DNA sequences, but it later developed to describing a new genus, Antalia gen. nov., and revealing historical events that acted as drivers in the genetic divergence between Kundmannia and Antalia. Both ribosomal and combined chloroplast multilocus sequences were used to unravel the phylogenetic topology. Toward this aim, morphological characteristics were examined. Based on this, Antalia differs from Kundmannia by its shorter bracteoles and petals, the colour of the petals, and smaller fruits. The phylogenetic results revealed that the genus Kundmannia is nested within the tribe Careae and is not monophyletic. Antalia, which is genetically separate from Kundmannia, is described as a new genus. Detailed morphological descriptions and identification keys are provided. Causes of the genetic disjunction between Antalia and Kundmannia were carefully considered in a time-calibrated phylogenetic framework. The Mediterranean Sea has acted as a relatively effective barrier between these genera since the Messinian salinity crisis. The unwinged mericarps seem to have facilitated the work of the barrier. Historical events during and after the Pliocene and allopatric vicariance seem to have been the most important drivers of evolution between Kundmannia and Antalia and within Antalia.
It is known that the allopolyploid genome of different species
of the genus Elymus L. (Poaceae: Triticeae) is formed by at least five
haploms of different origin (Dewey, 1984; Löve, 1984; Mason-Gamer
& al., 2010). Earlier in the study of sequences of the nuclear gene
encoding the enzyme granule bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), we
obtained data that many endemic allopolyploid species of the genus
Elymus from Siberia and the Far East of Russia contain the genomes
St and H (Kobozeva & al., 2018). The presence of different gene
clones on both genomes in most species allowed to admit the hexaploid constitution of some species with haploid formula St1St2H or StH1H2. That is why it was necessary to establish the exact number of chromosomes corresponding to either allotetraploidy or allohexaploid formula of each of the species. As a result, the chromosome number 2n = 28 was established in all studied species, which corresponds to the genomic formula StH.
