FIGURE 5 - uploaded by Cory S. Sheffield
Content may be subject to copyright.
Distinguishing terminalia characters of males Hylaeus (Spatulariella) in North America. (A) H. hyalinatus S8, stalk narrow and apex rounded, (B) H. punctatus S8, stalk broad and apex emarginated or bilobed.
Source publication
Hylaeus punctatus (Brullé) (Colletidae; Hylaeinae), the second species of the Old World subgenus Spatulariella recorded in the Western Hemisphere, is reported in Canada for the first time. A diagnosis for recognizing the subgenus among the Canadian fauna and a key to distinguish the two species are provided. Additionally, we provide a brief summary...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... subgenus is distinguished from other North American Hylaeus subgenera by the presence of a lamelliform carina between anterior and lateral faces of the mesepisternum in both sexes (Figures 1a, 1c; easiest to see in ventrolateral view), which is absent in the other subgenera found in Canada (Figures 1b, 1d). Males of this subgenus are further distinguished by the spatulate apex of sternum 8 (Figure 5a), which often protrudes from the genital opening. ...
Similar publications
The leaf-cutter bee Megachile (Aethomegachile) vietnamica sp. nov. from Vietnam is described and illustrated. A map showing its distribution is presented
The Taiwanese bee species of the subgenus Leuchalictus Warncke, 1975 of the genus Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833 are revised. Three species are recognised, Lasioglossum formosae (Strand, 1910), Lasioglossum subopacum subopacum (Smith, 1853), and one new species, L. subinoum sp. nov., which was formerly misidentifi ed as L. inoum (Cameron, 1904). Lasiogl...
We present the results of a survey of the andrenid bee fauna of Gorgan County, Golestan province, Iran between 2014 and 2015. The survey led to the identification of twenty-three species of the genus Andrena Fabricius and Melitturga Latreille belonging to subgenera Campylogaster (1 species), Chlorandrena (1 species), Holandrena (2 species), Hopland...
Contribution to the inventory of Hymenoptera Anthophila of the Lot department: a commented preliminary list. - This article presents a first commented list of solitary bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) of the Lot department (46). The list presents 398 species including 111 Apidae, 82 Halictidae, 79 Megachilidae, 92 Andrenidae, 27 Colletidae, 7 Melitti...
Citations
... Specimens were first identified to genera using a combination of keys found in Mitchell (1960Mitchell ( , 1962; and Packer et al. (2007). The following species level taxonomic keys were used for these groups: Andrena (Bouseman and LaBerge 1978;LaBerge 1967LaBerge , 1971LaBerge , 1973LaBerge , 1980LaBerge , 1985LaBerge , 1986LaBerge , 1989; Anthidium, (Romankova 2003); Bombus, (Williams et al. 2014); Ceratina, ; Chelostoma, (Buck et al. 2005); Epeolus, (Onuferko 2017); Lasioglossum, (Gibbs 2010;Gibbs et al. 2013;McGinley 1986); Megachile, (Sheffield et al. 2011b); Osmia (Arduser 2016); Hylaeus, (Romankova 2007;Sheffield et al. 2011a) and Sphecodes (Arduser 2011). All groups not listed were identified using Mitchell (1960Mitchell ( , 1962 and Discover Life bee species guide (www.discoverlife.org) was used as an additional supplementary resource (Ascher and Pickering 2022). ...
Understanding how restoration and land management practices may impact the structure of native bee communities is important especially considering reported global bee declines. I assessed bee community and vegetation composition in tallgrass prairie and oak savanna, some of the most endangered and biodiverse habitats in Canada. I found distinct differences in bee abundance and diversity among land management types, with remnant sites in most cases having comparably low bee diversity. This was driven by differences in floral abundance, canopy cover, and presence of woody debris. Bee community composition was unique at each locality, and I documented several bee species for the first time in Canada. I also found more bumble bee colonies and greater floral resources at restored compared to remnant sites using non-lethal DNA sampling and microsatellite markers to estimate colony densities. Linking landscape structure with use will improve habitat management and bee conservation in this rare habitat.
... The genus Hylaeus includes one of the largest number of species recorded outside its native range both in continental and island ecosystems (Russo, 2016). There are several introduction events detected in North America such as the first exotic species to be recorded in 1912, H. (Hylaeus) leptocephalus (Morawitz, 1870) (Snelling, 1970), and H. (Spatulariella) punctatus (Brull e, 1832) in both coasts of USA (Snelling, 1983, Ascher et al., 2006, Chile (Toro et al., 1989) and Canada (Sheffield et al., 2011). Other recently introduced Hylaeus species are H. (Spatulariella) hyalinatus Smith, 1842, in New York (Ascher, 2001), H. (Hylaeus) communis Nylander, 1852, in Canada (Martins et al., 2017) and H. (Paraprosopis) pictipes Nylander, 1852, in Canada and USA (Gibbs & Dathe, 2017). ...
In this study, we update the knowledge about wild bees of the genus Hylaeus in the Canary Islands and discuss the possible effect on the phenology of exotic species on the endemic ones. Our records come both from entomological samplings and citizen science through photos registered in social networks. An additional molecular approach was performed to confirm correct identification and analyze their geographic origin. Two new exotic species, Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) pictipes Nylander, 1852 in Tenerife and Hylaeus (Spatulariella) punctatus (Brullé, 1832) in Tenerife and Gran Canaria have been detected. In addition, we provide new records of Hylaeus (Spatulariella) sulphuripes (Gribodo, 1894) in Tenerife and Gran Canaria. All three species show a flight season extending from late spring to early winter. Most observations were made in anthropized areas, visiting both native and exotic plants. Exotic species were localized on the larger islands of the archipelago where maritime traffic is higher, being the most likely route of entry. Molecular data suggest two independent arrivals of H. pictipes to Tenerife from the Iberian Peninsula, while H. puntactus would have arrived from central Europe. There is little overlap with the phenology and habitat of the endemic species, so there does not seem to be a potentially significant negative effect on them.
... Some genera could be sorted by size (e.g., A. wilkella body length is 9-12 mm, so much smaller specimens could be eliminated) or by characteristic features (e.g., horns on Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski) and Osmia taurus. Identification was then verified by consulting the original published keys and taxonomic literature [35][36][37][38][39]. Voucher specimens are deposited in the University of Kentucky's Department of Entomology Insect Collection. ...
... Considering the non-native bees in our samples, A. wilkella, which was probably accidentally introduced from Europe in ship ballast, is already common and widespread throughout the north-central and northeastern United States and southern Canada [35]. Hylaeus punctatus is expanding its range from several points of introduction and has potential to spread throughout North America [38]. There are no published reports of negative ecological impacts from either of those species [22]. ...
Urban ecosystems can support diverse communities of wild native bees. Because bloom times are conserved by geographic origin, incorporating some non-invasive non-native plants in urban landscapes can extend the flowering season and help support bees and other pollinators during periods when floral resources from native plants are limiting. A caveat, though, is the possibility that non-native plants might disproportionately host non-native, potentially invasive bee species. We tested that hypothesis by identifying all non-native bees among 11,275 total bees previously collected from 45 species of flowering woody landscape plants across 213 urban sites. Honey bees, Apis mellifera L., accounted for 22% of the total bees and 88.6% of the non-native bees in the collections. Six other non-native bee species, accounting for 2.86% of the total, were found on 16 non-native and 11 native woody plant species. Non-Apis non-native bees in total, and Osmia taurus Smith and Megachile sculpturalis (Smith), the two most abundant species, were significantly more abundant on non-native versus native plants. Planting of favored non-native hosts could potentially facilitate establishment and spread of non-Apis non-native bees in urban areas. Our host records may be useful for tracking those bees’ distribution in their introduced geographical ranges.
... Distribution: A European Mediterranean species known from Azerbaijan, Turkey and Ukraine, introduced in North and South America (Sheffield et al. 2011). In Turkey: Erzurum (Özbek 1977); Adana, Antalya, Aydın, Bilecik, Hatay, Isparta, İzmir, Kars, Kayseri, Konya, Mersin, Muğla, Şanlıurfa, Van. ...
Abstract
The paper presents data of around 4000 previously unpublished specimens, collected in various parts of the country
during the last decades. With literature sources, a total of 86 species of the genus Hylaeus Fabricius, 1793 from
10 subgenera are compiled for Turkey. New for Turkey are 11 species: Hylaeus (Dentigera) kahri Förster, 1871,
H. (Dentigera) pallidicornis Morawitz, 1876, H. (Hylaeus) deceptorius (Benoist, 1959), H. (Hylaeus) gracilicornis
(Morawitz, 1867), H. (Hylaeus) paulus Bridwell, 1919, H. (Hylaeus) trisignatus Morawitz, 1876, H. (Nesoprosopis)
pectoralis Förster, 1871, H. (Prosopis) incongruus Förster, 1871, H. (Prosopis) trinotatus (Pérez, 1896), H. (Prosopis)
variolaris Morawitz, 1876 and H. (Spatulariella) sulphuripes (Gribodo, 1894). No new specimens could be found
of 13 species which had been detected formerly. Our knowledge on the distribution of numerous species is greatly
expanded. The characteristics of distribution are defined for the individual species. For example, H. meridionalis is the
most widespread with records from 46 provinces covering all geographical regions of the country, while many other
species are only known from one province, sometimes from a single record. The eastern part of Turkey, in particular
the province of Hakkâri, proved to be an important centre of diversity for Hylaeus species. For a number of species the
valid names had to be revised. Distribution maps are presented for the newly recorded and rare species. Frequently
visited plant species are mentioned. Keys to the subgenera and species of Turkish Hylaeus are provided.
... Distribution: A European Mediterranean species known from Azerbaijan, Turkey and Ukraine, introduced in North and South America (Sheffield et al. 2011). In Turkey: Erzurum (Özbek 1977); Adana, Antalya, Aydın, Bilecik, Hatay, Isparta, İzmir, Kars, Kayseri, Konya, Mersin, Muğla, Şanlıurfa, Van. ...
The paper presents data of around 4000 previously unpublished specimens, collected in various parts of the country
during the last decades. With literature sources, a total of 86 species of the genus Hylaeus Fabricius, 1793 from
10 subgenera are compiled for Turkey. New for Turkey are 11 species: Hylaeus (Dentigera) kahri Förster, 1871,
H. (Dentigera) pallidicornis Morawitz, 1876, H. (Hylaeus) deceptorius (Benoist, 1959), H. (Hylaeus) gracilicornis
(Morawitz, 1867), H. (Hylaeus) paulus Bridwell, 1919, H. (Hylaeus) trisignatus Morawitz, 1876, H. (Nesoprosopis)
pectoralis Förster, 1871, H. (Prosopis) incongruus Förster, 1871, H. (Prosopis) trinotatus (Pérez, 1896), H. (Prosopis)
variolaris Morawitz, 1876 and H. (Spatulariella) sulphuripes (Gribodo, 1894). No new specimens could be found
of 13 species which had been detected formerly. Our knowledge on the distribution of numerous species is greatly
expanded. The characteristics of distribution are defined for the individual species. For example, H. meridionalis is the
most widespread with records from 46 provinces covering all geographical regions of the country, while many other
species are only known from one province, sometimes from a single record. The eastern part of Turkey, in particular
the province of Hakkâri, proved to be an important centre of diversity for Hylaeus species. For a number of species the
valid names had to be revised. Distribution maps are presented for the newly recorded and rare species. Frequently
visited plant species are mentioned. Keys to the subgenera and species of Turkish Hylaeus are provided.
... As suggested by Malloch (1918) concerning the invasion of Andrena wilkella from Europe to North America, the ground nesting L. zonulum was most likely introduced to North America in the soil ballast of ships or the soil of potted plants brought from Europe. This had to have occurred prior to the mid-1800s, as a L. zonulum specimen was collected in North America by Provancher in 1882, although it was identified as Halictus discus (Sheffield et al. 2011). ...
... A direct introduction of L. zonulum to the west coast, while possible, is very unlikely. The small minority of species introduced directly to the west coast (e.g. the introduction of Trissolocus japonicus to North America) occurred much more recently than in the mid-1800s when the first record of L. zonulum in North America was documented (Sheffield et al. 2011;Talamas et al. 2015). Most invasive bee species arrived on the east coast from the western Palearctic (Cane 2003). ...
Halictid bees are excellent models for questions of both evolutionary biology and
molecular ecology. While the majority of Halictid species are solitary and many are native to North America, neither solitary nor native bees have been extensively studied in terms of their population genetics. This thesis studies the social behaviour, demographic patterns and molecular ecology of the solitary Holarctic sweat bee Lasioglossum zonulum, with comparisons to its well-studied sister species Lasioglossum leucozonium.
I show that L. zonulum is bivoltine in the Niagara region of southern Ontario but is univoltine in a more northern region of southern Alberta. Measurements of size, wear and
ovarian development of collected females revealed that Brood 1 offspring are not altruistic workers and L. zonulum is solitary. A large proportion of foundresses were also found foraging with well-developed ovaries along with their daughters, meaning L. zonulum is solitary and partially-bivoltine in the Niagara region. L. zonulum being solitary and univoltine in Calgary suggests that it is a demographically polymorphic and not socially polymorphic. Thus, L. zonulum represents a transitional evolutionary state between solitary and eusocial behaviour in bees.
I demonstrate that Lasioglossum zonulum was introduced to North America at least once
from Europe in the last 500 years, with multiple introductions probable. Most North American specimens share the same mitochondrial DNA haplotype as those in Europe, with a small portion from western North America possessing distinct sequences. Investigations using microsatellite markers found North American populations to have a deficit of heterozygosity, and Bayesian analysis suggests that there are 3-4 lineages of L. zonulum in North America. It is theorized that
introductions could also be from Europe, Asia, or could even represent a native population which
arrived via the Bering Land Bridge.
I suggest that the plasticity found in L. zonulum may have a genetic cause and exists in
North America due to the multiple introductions and potentially diverse geographic origins of
this species. The outcome of my studies highlight why Lasioglossum zonulum is a model
organism for the study of how eusociality evolved and why it warrants further and more in-depth
study
... It was first observed in 1994 at the Campus of the North Carolina State University [30] and throughout the next two centuries, Megachile sculpturalis expanded its distribution in the US successfully [31][32][33]. In comparison to North America, European mainland was untouched by introduced wild bees for a long period of time [34][35][36][37]. But in 2008, M. sculpturalis was found at a European country in Aullach (France) and became the first recorded wild bee accidently introduced on the continent [38]. ...
Biodiversity monitoring programs are the baseline of species abundancy studies, which in case of introduced species are especially critical. Megachile sculpturalis Smith, 1853 native to Eastern-Asia, constitutes the first ever recorded wild bee species accidently introduced in Europe. Since its first discovery in 2008, M. sculpturalis has been spreading across the continent. By initiating a citizen science monitoring program, we aimed to investigate the occurrence pattern of M. sculpturalis. Within only two years after starting the project, 111 new reports from Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Austria were recorded. Comparably to other European countries, the population progressed remarkably fast from year to year expanding its area geographically but also ecologically by increasing its altitudinal range. The distribution pattern indicates human assisted jump-dispersal travelling on the major traffic routes of central Europe.
... This includes three species not previously reported in Pennsylvania to our knowledge: Coelioxys coturnix Pérez, 1884, Hoplitis anthocopoides (Schenck, 1853), and Pseudoanthidium nanum (Mocsáry, 1881). These species were generally expected to reach the state, based on where they were first confirmed in North America, and in some cases, where they have spread since detection (Sheffield et al. 2011a;Russo 2016;Portman et al. 2019; USGS Native Bee Laboratory 2019). We also add distribution data for Anthophora villosula Smith, 1854, which was reported in Donovall and vanEngelsdorp (2010), but not included on the main checklist. ...
... Hylaeus (Spatulariiella) punctatus (Brullé, 1832)* -This exotic species has spread to a number of urban centers in Canada and the United States since its first detection in California in 1981 (Sheffield et al. 2011a; USGS Native Bee Laboratory 2019). It has been reported from the District of Columbia and New York Matteson et al. 2008). ...
Checklists provide information about the species found in a defined region and serve as baselines for detecting species range expansions, contractions, or introductions. Bees are a diverse and important group of insect pollinators. Although some bee populations are declining, these patterns are difficult to document and generalize due to a lack of long-term studies for most localities. Documenting the diversity of wild bee communities is critical for assessing pollination services, community ecology, and geographical and temporal changes in distribution and density. Here, an updated checklist of the bees of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, USA, is presented. Since the first checklist was published (2010; 372 species), thousands of additional specimens from the state have been collected and databased, new species have been described in the region, and the taxonomic status of some species have changed. Specimen data from insect collections, databases, scientific literature, and unpublished records were compared to the original checklist. Seventy-nine new state species records – including 49 first-time reports – representing five of the six bee families in North America, were documented resulting in a total of at least 437 bee species reported from Pennsylvania. We highlight new county records and species persistence details. Our list includes a total of 23 exotic species and at least five species of conservation concern. Lists of species excluded from the state checklist and species anticipated to occur in Pennsylvania are also included. This checklist provides baseline data for researchers and the public. The benefits of insect collections, specimen databases, determination and voucher labels, and georeferencing to biodiversity studies and other aspects of biological research are also discussed.
... Bees nesting protected inside sticks, branches, or stems could be rafted or blown in severe storms, potentially moving bee nests to an isolated island where angiosperm pollen and nectar are available for food, providing opportunities for the establishment of a bee fauna. Bee species are also during the last 200 years recorded as exotic outside their native range, in particular around commodity entry points, and are evidently able to survive accidental or facilitated longdistance transport on trans-oceanic cargoes (Cane, 2003;Sheffield et al., 2011;Jensen and Madsen, 2018;Rasmussen et al., 2020). Such human-mediated events may very well be frequent and important. ...
For bees to reach isolated islands, they need to be able to cross large water barriers. However, functional traits such as nesting behavior, flight range, and body size can limit their dispersal. In this study, the bee faunas of seven different islands or island groups (Anholt, Canary Islands, Fiji Islands, Hawaiian Islands, Madeira, Malta, and Sri Lanka) were analyzed by comparing them to the mainland bee fauna. Nesting strategy and body size for each species were recorded. The relative distribution of traits among the island species were then compared to traits of the mainland species. We found that among islands located furthest from mainland, the proportion of wood nesting bees are higher than for those located closer to mainland, suggesting that wood nesting bees are more capable of island dispersal, most likely due to the associated rafting ability or the ease of being passively transported over water. The body size among the immigrated island species were shown to be commonly of moderate size, while a majority of mainland species were of small size, indicating that moderate sized bees—with longer flight range—were the more likely island migrators. The methods used could be useful for future studies of ecological influences on body size, as well as how other biological traits are adapted for migrant conditions, potentially serving as predictors in regards to climate change, dispersal ability, and control of invasive species.
... The proportion we did found is quite similar to that reported in the study of MacIvor and Packer (2015), who also found a very high proportion of exotic bees in their bee hotels (47%). The context is however slightly different, because many exotic bee species have been introduced in Canada (the study of MacIvor & Packer was carried out in Toronto, Sheffield et al., 2011) whereas only one is present (to date) in France. However, it highlights that bee hotels might be widely use by exotic bee species. ...
Bee hotels are increasingly set up by land managers in public parks to promote wild bee populations. However, we have very little evidence of the usefulness of bee hotels as tools to help the conservation of wild bees within cities. In this study, we installed 96 bee hotels in public parks of Marseille (France) for a year and followed their use as a nesting substrate by the local fauna. The most abundant species that emerged from bee hotels was the exotic bee species Megachile sculpturalis, representing 40% of all individuals. Moreover, we only detected four native bee species all belonging to the Osmia genus. More worryingly, we found a negative correlation between the occurrence of M. sculpturalis in bee hotels and the presence of native bees. One hypothesis to explain this result might be linked to the described territorial and aggressive behaviour of M. sculpturalis toward the nests built by the native fauna. This study raises the question about the usefulness of bee hotels for the conservation of native bees especially within cities harbouring high abundance of exotic bees. We provide here concrete advices to land managers to build bee hotels that can both host native bees and prevent the installation of M. sculpturalis.
