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Directivity and Gain improvement for all antenna Designs (a) Directivity (Theta/Degree VS. dBi) Gain(Theta/Degree VS. dB)
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The mushroom-like EBG structure is used for suppressing the surface waves motivated by a patch antenna on high and thick dielectric constant substrate and working to improve its gain, directivity and efficiency. Applications of high dielectric constant with microstrip antennas are of rising interest due to their size compactness. By using CST softw...
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Context 1
... the previous section, three designs of the rectangular patch antenna in 6GHz are surrounded by the EBG with the same properBand gap in 6GHz also is presented. Simulations were done for the surrounding antenna by EBG and the original rectangular patch antenna was also simulated to achieve the comparison aim. The simulation outcomes are arranged in Table 1. the first design (design 1) as shown in Figure.3a demonstrated obvious enhancements in terms of directivity, realized gain and efficiency of the antenna by 44%, 69% and 20% respectively. For the second design was shown in Figure 3b .The simulation results also tabulated in Table 1,refer to the better improvement in result than the first design as shown in Figure 3a in both terms of the realized gain and directivity with slightly reduction in antenna efficiency. This design showed obvious enhancements in the same parameters of directivity, realized gain and efficiency of the antenna compared with rectangular patch antenna without using EBG by 55%, 75.5% and 12.5% respectively. Finally for the third design was shown in Figure.3c, the directivity improved by 69% compared with the antenna without using EBG and the realized gain also showing a good improvement by 93.25% when using EBG with rectangular patch antenna at the same time the efficiency has a good improvement also by 18.75. The simulated S-parameters in terms of S-11 was established that the good matching S-11 at 6 GHz. These configurations shifted the resonant frequency of the antenna slightly to 5.98 GHz for the design1 and design3 with matching S-11 of less than -23dB and -27 dB for the design1 and design3 respectively. For the design 2 the S- 11 is shifted to 5.99 GHz with matching S-11 equal to -24.6 dB while the resonance frequency for the antenna without using EBG pointed at 6.01 GHz with matching S-11 equal to -20.7 dB as shown in Figure. For the purpose of a comparison on the enhanced performance, the antenna improved by the EBG structures was adjusted to resonant frequency at 6 GHz and likened with rectangular patch antenna but without using EBG. The radiation patterns for the directivity and realized gain of all antennas are be shown in Figure.5a and ...
Context 2
... the purpose of a comparison on the enhanced performance, the antenna improved by the EBG structures was adjusted to resonant frequency at 6 GHz and likened with rectangular patch antenna but without using EBG. The radiation patterns for the directivity and realized gain of all antennas are be shown in Figure.5a and Figure.5b. ...
Context 3
... the purpose of a comparison on the enhanced performance, the antenna improved by the EBG structures was adjusted to resonant frequency at 6 GHz and likened with rectangular patch antenna but without using EBG. The radiation patterns for the directivity and realized gain of all antennas are be shown in Figure.5a and Figure.5b. ...
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Citations
... Reduced surface waves are caused by a rise in the dielectric constant [9], but this also reduces the bandwidth, and increasing substrate thickness is one solution to this problem. Surface waves generated by a high and thick permittivity substrate can be suppressed by utilizing EBG, which has a stopband around the target frequency [11]. This wave is made up of the substrate's TM and TE modes, respectively. ...
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... When going from the bore-view (Z-axis) to the end-fire (XY plane), the leakage in the sidelobes increases due to the weak response of the patch antenna in the end-fire direction. In order to enhance the steering capabilities, antenna's mushroom like electromagnetic band gap structure is used for suppressing the side lobe levels and improving the gain and directivity and also widening the bandwidth of the patch antenna [20]. ...
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... mm), as shown in Fig. 1(c). these distances are wanted for improving matching impedance [28]- [32]. ...
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... The mushroom-like EBG is one of the most important technologies of electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) [8], has been applied to avoid the bad impacts of surface waves. However, The stopband characteristics of such construction is applied to improve the antenna performance by suppressing the surface wave, and design the low profile antenna by the property of in-phase reflection [9][10][11][12][13]. The EBG structure has been used to enhance the radiation pattern of antenna [14][15][16][17]. ...
In this paper, a compact single patch antenna and microstrip array antenna with EBG structures at 6 GHzhave been compained. A surface wave effect is often considered undesirable, since it increased the side lobes, and decreased the antenna gain and effeciency. This problem can be solved by utilizing EBG to suppress of such waves. Above the antenna substrate, the mushroom-like EBG were proposed. The side lobes have been improved from −6.8 dB to −16.5 dB, and better directivity was achieved from 5.77 dBi to 10 dBi and the efficiency improved from (80%) to 95% by using EBG with rectangular antenna. Additionally, the array antenna radiation pattern with EBG was improved to −23.5 dB, and the directivity and effeciency have been improved to 14.3 dBi and to 91.5 respctively. These antenna structures have a great eventuality for use in C band application.
... The mushroom-like EBG is one of the most important technologies of electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) [8], has been applied to avoid the bad impacts of surface waves. However, The stopband characteristics of such construction is applied to improve the antenna performance by suppressing the surface wave, and design the low profile antenna by the property of in-phase reflection [9][10][11][12][13]. The EBG structure has been used to enhance the radiation pattern of antenna [14][15][16][17]. ...
In this paper, a compact single patch antenna and microstrip array antenna with EBG structures at 6 GHzhave been compained. A surface wave effect is often considered undesirable, since it increased the side lobes, and decreased the antenna gain and effeciency. This problem can be solved by utilizing EBG to suppress of such waves. Above the antenna substrate, the mushroom-like EBG were proposed. The side lobes have been improved from −6.8 dB to −16.5 dB, and better directivity was achieved from 5.77 dBi to 10 dBi and the efficiency improved from (80%) to 95% by using EBG with rectangular antenna. Additionally, the array antenna radiation pattern with EBG was improved to −23.5 dB, and the directivity and effeciency have been improved to 14.3 dBi and to 91.5 respctively. These antenna structures have a great eventuality for use in C band application.
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In this work, a compact rectangular patch antenna and 2×2 microstrip antenna array with EBG structures have been integrated. Two types of EBGs were utalized, such as a mushroom-like EBG and a new designe of Triple Side Slotted of EBG (TSSEBG). These suggested EBGs have been located on the top antenna surface for eliminating unwanted surface waves. The mitigation in vias number is effective method for decreasing the fabrication process complexity, where it decreased from 164 to 46 and from 392 to 92 in case of used TSSBG instead of EBG in the rectangular antenna and array antenna respectively. The single antenna withTSSEBG demonstrate 10.5 dBi directivity, 93% efficiency, and −21 dB side lobe. At 6 GHz, the TSSEBG antenna array has a good improvement in directivity (15.5 dBi), side lobe (−28.5 dB), and efficiency (88%). Streszczenie. W tej pracy zintegrowano kompaktową prostokątną antenę płatkową i układ anten mikropaskowych 2 × 2 ze strukturami EBG. Wykorzystano dwa typy EBG, takie jak grzybopodobny EBG i nowy projekt Triple Side Slotted of EBG (TSSEBG). Te sugerowane EBG zostały umieszczone na górnej powierzchni anteny w celu wyeliminowania niepożądanych fal powierzchniowych. Zmniejszenie liczby przelotek jest skuteczną metodą na zmniejszenie złożoności procesu produkcyjnego, gdzie zmniejszyła się z 164 do 46 iz 392 do 92 w przypadku zastosowanego TSSBG zamiast EBG odpowiednio w antenie prostokątnej i antenie matrycowej. Pojedyncza antena z TSSEBG wykazuje kierunkowość 10,5 dBi, wydajność 93% i listwę boczną −21 dB. Przy 6 GHz, zestaw anten TSSEBG ma dobrą poprawę kierunkowości (15,5 dBi), listka bocznego (-28,5 dB) i wydajności (88%). (Wykorzystanie EBG do zwiększenia kierunkowości, wydajności i redukcji tylnego płata anteny z mikropaskami) Keywords: Mushroom-like EBG, Rectangular and array antenna, connecting pin vias, Enhanced a microstrip antenna, EBG Słowa kluczowe: Grzybopodobny EBG, Prostokątna i matrycowa antena, łączące przelotki pinowe, Wzmocniona antena mikropaskowa, Introduction The type of microstrip patch antenna show several features, for instance the low cost, easy to fabricate and suitable to integrate with RF devices [1]. To increas the gain and directivity of single microstrip patch, antenna arrays can be used and provide diversity reception [2]. The phenomenon of the surface waves excitation is considered undesired, where the current is lost in the substrate. Therefore, antenna efficiency, gain, and directivity will be decreased. Many techniques were used to avoide the surface waves effects. Such as, adding dielectric layers over the radiating elements [3] or optimizing the shape of radiating elements [4]. A low effective dielectric constant has been achieved by drilling an air gap under the radiating elements [5]. A compact design is obtained on high dielectric constant [6]. Consequently, by increasing the substrate thickness, the reduction problem in the band width can be solved [7]. The mushroom-like EBG is one of the most important technologies of electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) [8], has been applied to avoid the bad impacts of surface waves. However, The stopband characteristics of such structure is used to improve the performance of antenna by suppressing the surface wave, and design the low profile antenna by the property of in-phase reflection[9-13]. The EBG structures have been used to enhance the radiation pattern of antenna [14-17]. The mutual coupling and side lobe levels were diminished [18,19]. The author in [19] used uniplanar EBG structure to implement a 2×2 antenna array to reduce the mutual coupling, thereby lowering the side lobe. In [20] three various 2D-EBG shapes have been designed, in the whole antenna ground plane for decreasing the back lobe and increasing the gain. Moreover, the mushroom-like EBG was appiled in antenna array to enhance the side lobe and gain [21]. Most of literatures that were done by applying the EBGs as superstrate over the antenna, which resulted in bulky antenna size. Another works also achieved to reduce the mutual coupling in MIMO antenna, or placing the EBG in the antenna ground plane by using multi layers. However, the facilities of EBG in the same substrate to enhance antenna array not much found. The EBG structure operation mechanism can be explain by the LC filter model.
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This paper provides an insight of a new, microstrip leaky wave antenna. It holds the ability to continue steer its beam at a swapping frequency. This is done with acceptable impedance matching while scanning and very little gain variation. Investigation is carried out on LWAs’ control radiation pattern in steps at a band frequency via vertical and horizontal slots. The enhancement is realized by etching horizontal and vertical slots on the radiation element. This study also presents a novel half-width microstrip leaky wave antenna (LWA). The antenna is made up of the following basic structures group’s vertical and horizontal slots. The reactance profile at the microstrip’s free edge and thus the main beam direction is changed once the control-cell states are changed. The radiation pattern direction change by sweeping the operating frequency between 4GHz to 6GHz.The main beam may be directed by the antenna between 15o and 55o. C band achieved the measured peak gain of the antenna of 10 dBi at 4.3 GHz beam scanning range.
... Diversity in current LTE systems is typically limited to two antennas per radio, enough to ensure that, if an antenna is in an RF vacuum, the other antenna is not normally available, providing better performance in a multi-track environment. Antenna diversity with LTE is used to defend against multiple pathways, reduce interruptions, and improve the quality and the reliability of communication links [13,[22][23][24][25]. Dual broadband antenna for internal LTE terminals. ...
This paper describes the broadband monopole antenna refers to a signal wideband of the frequencies, which can be divided the signal into channels of the frequency bins. Aim this paper to design and development broadband monopole antenna. The monopole antenna was designed by adding slot to the radiated patch antenna with a single feed line, which reduced the size and the design complexity. A rectangular patch antenna was presented using feed line to decrease the ground plane with a suitable gap distance. The broadband monopole antenna was designed with a frequency range of 800 MHz-3 GHz, with Bandwidth 0.66 (dB), reflection coefficients and return loss. The frequency-dependent characteristic impedance was included. It can be used in various broadband applications in used commercially for various communication systems such as 4G (LTE), WiMAX and WLAN (LTE), remote sensing, biomedical, and mobile wireless. Apart from that, this technology is environment-friendly; an antenna which consists of reception and transmission. The antenna is simulated by using computer simulation (CST) software; using FR-4 substrate of 4.4 permittivity thickness 1.6 mm and loss tangent of 0.025. The measurement result is accepted with simulation result, proving the acceptable broadband operation for this proposed structure.
... In this paper, a novel design of EBG, have been introduced from the original mushroom-like EBG structure with compactness feature [17,18], the EBG structure is called as Triple Side Slotted EBG (TSSEBG). This novel design provides a triple band gap or band stop of frequency below 10 GHz compared with the mushroom EBG structure, which has only one band gap frequency at 6 GHz. ...
A novel design of EBG is used to replace the mushroom like EBG for surrounding the array patch antenna. In order to improve its radiation performances, Electromagnetic band stop for reducing the surface waves effects is presented. The novel design of Triple Side Slotted EBG (TSSEBG) showed an improvement in the antenna efficiency, directivity and gain as compared to the reference antenna without using EBG, due to reduce the surface waves effects which leads to decrease the side lobes. TSSEBG has been introduced by some modifications in conventional mushroom-like EBG structure. Reducing the complexity was achieved by reducing the number of unit cells and vias, in case of used TSSEBG instead of mushroom like EBG. Additionally, the TSSEBG provided triple band gap compared with mushroom like EBG structure which had only one band gap frequency at 6 GHz. The placement of TSSEBG is a flexible structure which provides a good choice in the antenna applications. The simulation results of array patch antenna with and without mushroom like EBG and TSSEBG are arranged in Table 1. This structure has vast applications in satellite communications.
