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A comparison analysis between two different types of antenna arrays in direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is presented. This study was undertaken to point out any difference in the process of DOA estimation between isotropic and directional antenna array. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous work that analysed the DOA estimation be...
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To improve the accuracy of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation using a linear array with limited number of physical antennas, sparse uniform linear array (ULA) with larger array aperture is adopted in this paper at the cost of spatial aliasing problem when a single working frequency is used.With a sufficient anti-aliasing condition for multiple f...
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Citations
... By modeling the directive elements in an adaptive array, a comparison analysis between two different types of antenna arrays (including the isotropic and directional) in DOAE is presented in. 15 In some works an antenna array made of non-isotropic sensors is used to estimate the parameters of an emitting source. 16 A covering smart antenna has been proposed for medical applications in, 17,18 in which the DOA-Es and the beam forming for a two-antenna structure mountable on a curved surface such as human being's arm has been carried out but, the antenna radiation pattern effect has not been calculated. ...
This paper tries to obtain the maximum estimation accuracy of 2‐dimensional Direction of Arrival (2D‐DOA) from the spatial signal resource in the angle approaching the horizon by using the volume arrays pattern synthesizing. For this purpose, the well‐known Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) and the algorithm Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) are used to investigate 2D‐DOA estimation accuracy. For accurate design of array structure, the antenna elements' radiation pattern have been considered based on the full‐wave simulations along with the mutual coupling and shadow effects. The results show that the volume array structure presented with 13 radiative elements and the two side angles of 30 and 45 degrees has a much better DOA estimation accuracy in all angles especially in angles close to the horizon, compared to the planar array with the same number of radiative elements. Also, at the angle ±90° from broadside the presented volume aperture provides a maximum gain of up to 15.4 dBi, which is much more than the produced gain of planar aperture under the same conditions.
... Isotropic antennas are also ideal elements in arrays that are designed for direction of arrival (DoA) estimation [7]. This is because using antennas with nulls in beam pattern can result in an array that is blind to signal sources in the direction of null. ...
This research presents an easy to fabricate isotropic printed arc antenna element to be used for direction of arrival (DoA) arrays. The proposed antenna exhibits a total gain variation of 0.5 dB over the entire sphere for 40 MHz impedance bandwidth at 1 GHz, which is the best design isotropy reported in literature so far. In addition, the isotropic bandwidth of the antenna for total gain variation of ≤3 dB is 225 MHz with 86% efficiency. The isotropic wire antenna is first designed and simulated in Numerical Electromagnetic code (NEC). An equivalent printed antenna is then simulated in CST, where single (short circuited) stub is integrated with the antenna for input matching and the results of NEC simulations are verified. The planar antenna is then manufactured using FR4 substrate for measurements. Good agreement between the measured and simulated results is observed, however the total gain variation is increased to 2 dB for the fabricated antenna. This is because of the unavoidable field scattering from the antenna substrate, the feed cables, and the antenna testing platform.
... Directional antennas can concentrate the power in a particular direction and, as compared to isotropic antenna these gives high signal to noise ratio (SNR) which is proportional to their gain [6]. ...
... have antennas with a unit gain and fixed phase in all directions. Practical antennas have gain and phase which are functions of the DOA [7], [8]. ...
... The authors in [9] used different radiation patterns within a uniform linear array (ULA) in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems to alleviate the uncertainty in DOA estimation. Additionally, directive [7], [8], [13] and sectorized [14] antennas were considered. Both simulated [7], [8] and experimental data [8], [13], [14] were evaluated. ...
... Additionally, directive [7], [8], [13] and sectorized [14] antennas were considered. Both simulated [7], [8] and experimental data [8], [13], [14] were evaluated. A 4-element uniform circular array (UCA) with a rectangular microstrip patch antenna at 1.0G H z was designed in [8], while reconfigurable leaky-wave antennas at 2.4G H z ISM band were presented in [13] and [14]. ...
In the literature, antenna arrays for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation are being theoretically optimized to maximize the number of sources that can be estimated for a given number of isotropic elements. In this work, coprime arrays with monopole and patch elements are designed and fabricated to evaluate the impact of antenna directivity and realistic antenna behavior on DOA estimation accuracy. Two DOA estimation algorithms, namely: MUSIC and Lasso are applied where the complex radiation patterns are incorporated within the steering matrix and then the received signal is modified accordingly. With four sources, a root mean square error (RMSE) of around 4 and 1 degrees is achieved at 5 dB with monopole and patch elements, respectively. Furthermore, a software-defined radio (SDR) platform is utilized to experimentally evaluate the real-time performance in realistic environments. It is shown that when the DOA deviates from the boresight, the estimation error increases due to antenna directivity. The performance of the patch array is better than its monopole counterpart due to the inherent multipath mitigation in the directive antennas and polarization purity of the two radiated electric filed components. Experimental results show that the RMSE in the DOA estimation of two sources using coprime array with monopole and patch elements is around 4 and 1 degrees, respectively.
... In [4], the performance of antennas with different directionalities was investigated, and the patch antenna was proved to have low root-mean-square error (RMSE). A comparison was made in [5], between directional and isotropic antenna arrays in DOA estimation. ...
... Varış açısı belirleme algoritmaları konusunda, başarımı artırma ve karmaşıklıgı azaltma üzerine birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Yukarıda bahsettigimiz algoritmalarla özellikle MATLAB kullanılarak simülasyon çalışmaları yapılmıştır [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][15][16][17]. Ancak sadece birkaç çalışma, gerçek zamanlı kablosuz haberleşme uygulamaları için gerçekçi yaklaşımlar sunabilmiştir. ...
Source direction of arrival (DoA) or angle of arrival (AoA) estimation is one of the vital problems in many wireless communication applications such as radar, radio astronomy, sonar and navigation. The resolution of a source direction of arrival estimation can be improved by an uniform linear array (ULA) system with innovative signal processing techniques. Super resolution techniques take the advantage of linear array antenna structures to better process the incoming waves. These techniques also have the ability to describe the direction of multiple targets. In this paper, MUSIC algorithm is implemented on USRP nodes using LabVIEW platform. Four receiver antennas are used to detect the AoA of a single carrier and unmodulated RF signal at 2.45 GHz in an indoor environment. The experimental results are shown for a single source which is tested at two different arbitrary angles to confirm the real-time implementation of MUSIC algorithm with some errors which occur due to lack of some hardware imperfections. Moreover, these hardware imperfections are studied.
... Hence, the average of sufficiently enough number of data or snapshots (M) over a finite interval must be used in practical implementations. [5,6] The received signal auto-covariance matrix R xx and the desired signal auto-covariance matrix R ss are given by the following equation: ...
High resolution Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation
algorithm enhance the performance of smart antenna system,
the key technology to solve spectrum scarcity problem. This
paper presents the detection capability of conventional Bartlett
and Capon algorithm and subspace based MUSIC algorithm.
A large no of simulation study is carried out in this paper to
investigate the resolution of different DOA algorithms like Bartlett
method, Capon Method and MUSIC in an un-correlated sources
environment based on uniform linear array. The work come out
with the plot of resolution curve of above three algorithm with
variation of different design parameters for selection and practical
implementation of any algorithm.
... Target position estimation is an essential part in these applications. There are many target localization methods available, such as direction of arrival (DOA) methods [8,9], timedelay of arrival (TDOA) methods [10,11], and energy-based target localization methods [12,13]. The energy-based target localization method which uses quantized data in WSNs was presented in [12]. ...
This paper presents a novel energy-based target localization method in wireless sensor networks with selected sensors. In this method, sensors use Turbo Product Code (TPC) to transmit decisions to the fusion center. TPC can reduce bit error probability if communication channel errors exist. Moreover, in this method, thresholds for the energy-based target localization are designed using a heuristic method. This design method to find thresholds is suitable for uniformly distributed sensors and normally distributed targets. Furthermore, to save sensor energy, a sensor selection method is also presented. Simulation results showed that if sensors used TPC instead of Hamming code to transmit decisions to the fusion center, localization performance could be improved. Furthermore, the sensor selection method used can substantially reduce energy consumption for our target localization method. At the same time, this target localization method with selected sensors also provides satisfactory localization performance.
... Since the orientation and position of the RFID tag cannot be predicted, it is desired to have an isotropic radiation pattern at the transmitter. An isotropic antenna holds an advantage over the directional antenna as it can detect and transmit at all directions more reliably even in a short range usage [7]. ...
This paper describes a novel design of hybrid dipole antenna having a quasi-isotropic radiation pattern for applications where ultra-wide bandwidth is desired. The proposed hybrid dipole has applications in wireless systems, network sensors, communication systems, as well as RFID transmitters at 5.8 GHz ISM band. Without losing the fundamental pros of a conventional dipole, such as gain and return loss, as well as implementation simplicity, the hybrid dipole has gained a quasi-isotropic radiation pattern. The hybrid dipole consists of a two-turn loop wound around a tapered dipole. It is easily implementable and tune-able for a variety of applications.
