Table 5
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Context 1
... matrix ranking showed that O. europaea subsp. cuspidata ranked first due to the multipurpose role it has for the community and this was followed by E. globulus and J. procera (Table 5). The fidelity level of the data was calculated based on the diseases frequently reported by informants and traditional use of medicinal plant for treatments. ...
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This paper reviews the presence of subbulent plants in Tigray and Sfar Regional States of Ethiopia. Their use for erosion control, as boundary markers and in local ethnomedicine are described
Citations
... The disease is treated as tonsillitis [22]. Leaf and stem are used for circumcision, wound, and toothache [23]. Decocted dried leaves are used for the treatment of breast cancer [2a,24]. ...
The present study highlights about species determination of Osyris quadripartita Salz. Ex Decne. (African Sandalwood) based on anatomical characteristics. Wood anatomical characteristics of O. quadripartita were observed in different characters such as seriation of rays, type of crystalliferous cells, and abundance of extractives. Santalaceae is a significant family in medicine. Osyris quadripartita Salz. ex Decne. has been used medicinally for a variety of conditions, including eye pain, cold, anaphylactic shock, epilepsy, circumcision wounds, toothache, tonsillitis, abdominal pain, urine problems, breast cancer, mental health issues, and anti-coronavirus diseases. Antihelmintic and leishmaniasis diseases, abnormalities, kidney disease, forage, hygienic/ perfuming, and so on. Additionally, reports of its antiviral and anti-ulcer properties have been made. Santalum album and O. quadripartita belong to the same family santalaceae and have many similarities in their morphological characteristics. Both plant species belong to the same family, that is why anatomical characters help to resolve this problem and easy to distinguish most wood anatomical characteristics. Therefore, distinguishing one from the other anatomically is very easy. The anatomical sections of the stem Transverse Section (TS), Transverse Longitudinal Section (TLS) and Radial Longitudinal Section (RLS) of the species were observed under the bright-field compound binocular microscope, and characters were documented. Microscopically preliminary observation reported ray cells containing rhomboidal crystals are the unique diagnostic characters reported in O. quadripartita. The arrangement of cortical tissues, pericyclic fibers, phloem fibers, and phloem rays are among the characteristics that help distinguish between the stem and petiole of the various species. Cells, and an abundance of extractives. Ray cells frequently contain rhomboidal crystals. In the cortex, and pith region of the stem observed solitary crystals. Based on the preliminary study, the species can be differentiated from other species of the same family based only on anatomical characters.
... [59] Leaves and roots are used for management of hypertension and cough. [60] Fresh Shoot tip chewed and swallowed for management of Stomachache and squeezed juice applied on the wound. [61] Leaves, roots, barks, and stems decoction were applied on wound. ...
... [26] This is because natural yields have long been known to be noble bases of pharmacologically active substances that can help with a variety of ailments, including leishmaniasis. [27][28][29][30] Among these plants, the fresh leaves of Clematis simensis fresen (C simensis) [31][32][33][34][35] and latex of Euphorbia abyssinica (E abyssinica) [32,36,37] are widely used by traditional healers to treat leishmaniasis. Besides to rumors on the practice of fresh leaves of C simensis and latex of E abyssinica in folk medicines, plants also contain different secondary metabolites. ...
... [26] This is because natural yields have long been known to be noble bases of pharmacologically active substances that can help with a variety of ailments, including leishmaniasis. [27][28][29][30] Among these plants, the fresh leaves of Clematis simensis fresen (C simensis) [31][32][33][34][35] and latex of Euphorbia abyssinica (E abyssinica) [32,36,37] are widely used by traditional healers to treat leishmaniasis. Besides to rumors on the practice of fresh leaves of C simensis and latex of E abyssinica in folk medicines, plants also contain different secondary metabolites. ...
... C simensis and E abyssinica are commonly used by locals and users of indigenous medicine in Ethiopia to treat leishmaniasis. [31,32,[34][35][36][37] The extraction was accomplished through the use of the maceration process of C simensis leaf and E abyssinica latex which yielded a high percentage of (80%) methanol crude preparation. The solvent fractionation produced a greater percentage for the aqueous fraction than the other solvent fractions. ...
As a result of increasing drug resistance, crossover resistance development, prolonged therapy, and the absence of different agents with innovative methods for implementation, the efficacy of recent antileishmanial medications is severely declining. So, it is vital to look for other medications from botanical remedies that have antileishmanial activity. The latex of Euphorbia abyssinica (E abyssinica ) and the leaves of Clematis simensis fresen ( C simensis ) were macerated in methanol (80%). In vitro antileishmanial activity of the preparation was tried on promastigotes of Leishmania aethiopica ( L aethiopica ) and Leishmania donovani (L donovani ) using resazurin assay, and fluorescence intensity was measured. One percent of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and media as negative control and amphotericin B as positive control were used. Additionally, hemolytic & phytochemical tests of the preparation were done. The mean and standard errors of each extract were evaluated and interpreted for statistical significance using one-way analysis of variance. From sigmoidal dose-response curves of % inhibition, half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values were determined by GraphPad Prism and Microsoft Excel; outcomes were presented as mean ± standard error of mean of triplicate trials. P < .05 was statistical significance. The phytochemical screening of C simensis and E abyssinica confirmed the existence of steroids, phenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and glycosides. C simensis possesses antileishmanial activity with IC 50 outcomes of 46.12 ± 0.03 and 8.18 ± 0.10 µg/mL on the promastigotes of L aethiopica and L donovani , respectively. However, E abyssinica showed stronger activity with IC 50 outcomes of 16.07 ± 0.05 µg/mL and 4.82 ± 0.07 µg/mL on L aethiopica and L donovani , respectively. C simensis and E abyssinica have a less hemolytic effect on human red blood cells at low concentrations. The outcomes from this investigation demonstrated that the preparation of C simensis and E abyssinica indicated significant antileishmanial activity. Therefore, further in vivo assessment of antileishmanial, cytotoxicity activity and quantitative identification of secondary metabolites are highly recommended.
... They are also widely recognized to have played a critical role in the development and advancement of modern medicine by serving as the precursors for the synthesis and discovery of new drugs ( [5,6]). Despite recent advances in conventional medicine, medicinal plants are still the primary source of treatment for most local communities [7]. This is mainly because they are accessible, simple to use, affordable, and have minimal side effects compared to conventional medication ( [2,4,6]). ...
... In Africa, the use of medicinal plants has been an ancient practice, with many people consulting traditional medical practitioners for their health challenges ( [7,16,17]). The practice is still an integral part of the healthcare system of the continent, with an estimated 80 % of the continent's rural population still relying on such remedies for their primary healthcare needs ( [4,[7][8][9]). ...
... In Africa, the use of medicinal plants has been an ancient practice, with many people consulting traditional medical practitioners for their health challenges ( [7,16,17]). The practice is still an integral part of the healthcare system of the continent, with an estimated 80 % of the continent's rural population still relying on such remedies for their primary healthcare needs ( [4,[7][8][9]). The almost exclusive dependence on traditional medicine in Africa is due to limited coverage of modern healthy services, inadequate healthcare professionals, high costs of conventional medication, and the cultural acceptability of traditional medicine ( [17,18]). ...
Demand for medicinal plant remedies is rising globally, while indigenous knowledge about medicinal plants is declining rapidly. The preservation of indigenous knowledge is critical in discovering and developing innovative drugs. The ongoing discussions on providing nature-based solutions to contemporary issues make it urgent to document indigenous knowledge about medicinal trees, especially in areas with limited or no studies such as our study area. Our study aimed to understand the use of medicinal trees among the communities fringing the Asukese and Amama Shelterbelt Forest Reserves. We administered structured questionnaires and interviewed 88 respondents who were selected using snowball and simple random techniques. The ethnobotanical survey data were processed and evaluated using parameters such as Indigenous Knowledge Index (IKI), Relative Citation Frequency (RCF), Species Use Value (SUV), Family Use Value (FUV), and Plant Part Value (PPV). We found that ethnobotanical knowledge about medicinal trees was higher in respondents who were widowed or had larger number of dependants. We found that the local communities used diverse medicinal trees (70 species belonging to 33 families) to treat 83 ailments. Azadirachta indica had the highest RCF (8.9) and SUV (23.4). The other top four species according to the SUV were Alstonia boonei (SUV = 11.1), Khaya senegalensis (SUV = 10.7), Moringa oleifera (SUV = 10.3) and Cocos nucifera (SUV = 10.2). The most-well represented and valuable families were Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, Meliaceae, Arecaceae, Rubiaceae and Malvaceae. Medicinal trees had alternative uses such as food, fodder, fuelwood, and construction material. Indigenous knowledge about medicinal trees was transmitted to younger generations predominantly by parents. The results show that the most known botanical families and species with the most useful parts were the most useful plant families and species. Thus, the selection of medicinal trees was driven by their traits. Furthermore, results indicate that species diversity is critical to the healthcare needs of local communities and that their conservation and sustainable use and the preservation of indigenous knowledge are crucial to ensuring good health and the general well-being of local communities of all ages.
... Impatiens rothii Hook.f. is a flora classified under the family of Balsaminaceae. 39 It is a tuberous species native to Ethiopia and used as local wound treatment, especially for fire burn skin. In addition to this, its root extract is used for nails and palm adornment due to its colorfulness and high adhesive property. ...
In this work, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were effectively synthesized by a green method using the Impatiens rothii Hook.f. leaf (IL) extract as a capping and reducing agent. The as-synthesized TiO2 NPs were characterized by different characterization methods such as the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The specific surface area from BET analysis was found to be 65 m²/g. The average crystallite size from XRD analysis and average particle size from SEM analysis were found to be ∼11 and ∼25 nm, respectively. The Raman spectroscopy and XRD results showed that the biosynthesized (IL–TiO2) nanoparticles were purely anatase phase. XPS analysis illustrated the formation of Titania with an oxidation state of +4. The DRS study showcased that a blue-shifted intense absorption peak of IL–TiO2 (3.39 eV) compared to the bulk material reported in the literature (3.2 eV). HRTEM micrograph showed the presence of grain boundary with d spacings of 0.352, 0.245, and 0.190, which correspond to the lattice planes of (101), (004), and (200), respectively. From the EDX analysis, the weight percents of titanium and oxygen were found to be 54.33 and 45.67%, respectively. The photoinduced degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye was investigated in the presence of biosynthesized IL-TiO2 NPs photocatalyst. The effect of parameters like catalyst dosage (30 mg/L), initial concentration of MB (15 ppm), pH (10.5), and contact time (100 min) on the removal efficiency was optimized. The maximum photodegradation efficiency under the optimized conditions was found to be 98%.
... Tese results agreed with the fndings of the authors in [19], indicating that most sources of healing wisdom were obtained from the family. Other similar studies [20] show that most of the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is passed orally and secretly along the family line from parents accounted for 73.6% followed by observation (19.4%) and learning (7%) from other people. ...
... Te summary of the list of medicinal plant species used in Ensaro district to treat various disease conditions is given in [19,[21][22][23] reported that the family Fabaceae is the highest family. Other studies in a diferent part of Ethiopia such as the fndings of [20,24,25] reported that the family Asteraceae is dominant followed by the family Lamiaceae. ...
The study was conducted to investigate and document medicinal plants and associated knowledge on the utilization, management, preparation, and way of administration of the medicinal plant resources in Ensaro district, north Shewa zone, Ethiopia. A total of 100 informants were sampled from four study sites, and questionnaire surveys, semistructured interviews, ranking, and transect walk techniques were employed for data collection in midland, lowland, and highland agroecology and natural forests, riverine forests, and farmlands. Vast sources of the traditional healing knowledge of plant species conveyed from one generation to the next by word of mouth were from a family. A total of 101 medicinal plant species were identified from the study site, which belong to 95 genera and 49 families. These medicinal plants are used to treat about 35 types of human ailments. Families Fabaceae and Poaceae were represented by the highest number of medicinal plant species, followed by the Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Euphorbiaceae species. Out of the total medicinal plants’ species, 46.53% were herbs and 33.66% were shrubs. Most of them have medicinal properties in their leaf, root, seed, bark, stem, latex, sap seed, and fruits. Medicine from these plant parts is prepared in fresh, dried, and both fresh and dried states. The highest informant consensus was documented for the plant Ocimum lamiifolium used by 75% of informants for its medicinal value in treating fibril illness. Cucumis ficifolius and Eucalyptus globules are used by 41% and 39% of informants ranking second and third, respectively, for their medicinal value. This study revealed that indigenous knowledge of traditional medicine is still popular among local communities in the study area. The conservation strategy practiced by local people is not enough to tackle the erosion of plant species from their habitats. Thus, the conservation of these plants and the associated knowledge base is very essential.
... Several studies have reported decoction and the oral route as the main methods of preparing and administering herbal remedies in West Africa, including Ghana (Boadu and Asase, 2017;Adeniyi et al., 2018;Appiah et al., 2019). The route of administration of remedies is possibly related to the bioactive constituents or method of preparation; for example, alkaloids are best administered orally while dermal or nasal routes are best for terpenoids (Gurib-Fakim, 2006;Yohannis et al., 2018). Even though decoction is widely used as a method of preparing herbal medicines, variation amongst herbal practitioners exists due to the lack of standardization or their linkage to global standards (Astutik et al., 2019;Mintah et al., 2022). ...
... given orally in the morning for the treatment of hypertension in Gondar, Ethiopia (Ragunathan and Solomon, 2009;Birhanu, 2013). Similarly, in Menz Gera Midir district, North Shewa Zone of Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia, it is soaked with water for 3 -5 days, the water is decanted, and the sludge eaten or prepared in the form of alcohol and drunk (Yohannis et al., 2018). Chemically, lupine seeds contain significant amounts of polyphenols, carotenoids, phytosterols, tocopherols, alkaloids and peptides with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory activities (Khan et al., 2015). ...
... The powder was then dissolved in normal saline (0.9% NaCl) for further pharmacological testing (Ambaye et al., 2002). Despite its widespread traditional use as an antihypertensive preparation, there is no clear understanding on how L. albus seeds preparations are used for the management of hypertension its pharmacological mechanisms are also unknown (Yohannis et al., 2018). This requires careful investigation to determine whether it is mediated through endothelium and/or smooth muscle of the blood vessels. ...
... The physiological solution was made to pass through a warm water jacket to maintain its temperature and continuously aerated with carbogen (95% O 2 and 5% CO 2 ) gas at a pH of 7.4. The pH of the buffer was checked every hour during aeration with carbogen (Yohannis et al., 2018). The strips were made to stabilize for 1 h during which the physiological solution was changed every 15 min (Ghaffari and Roshanravan, 2020). ...
... In India Maharashtra, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. The plant bark posses antihelmintic, leishmaniasis like leprosy diseases, abnormalities, kidney disease, forage, hygienic/ perfuming, eye pain, cold, anaphylactic shock, epilepsy, circumcision wound, toothache, tonsillitis, abdominal pain, and urine problem (Mouhajir et al., 2001;Gemedo-dalle et al., 2005;Geyid et al., 2005;Giday et al., 2007;Mesfin, 2007;Agize et al. 2013;Getaneh & Girma, 2014;Bayissa, 2015;Birhan et al. 2017;Dires, 2017;Abdela & Sultan, 2018;Worku, 2018;Yohannis et al. 2018). The tribal community O. quadripartita used for treatment of Cancer as a anticancer treatment point of view (Graham et al. 2000;Esubalew et al. 2017). ...
... In Ethiopia this plant leaves and root us as medicinal purpose to cure antihelmintic, leishmaniasis like leprosy diseases, abnormalities, kidney disease, forage, hygienic/perfuming, eye pain, cold, anaphylactic shock, epilepsy, circumcision wound, toothache, tonsillitis, abdominal pain and urine problem. The methanol solvent leaves extract of O. quadripartita was shows antibacterial and antifungal test (Mouhajir & al., 2001;Gemedo-dalle & al., 2005;Geyid & al., 2005;Giday & al., 2007;Mesfin, 2007;Agize & al., 2013;Getaneh & Girma, 2014;Bayissa, 2015;Birhan & al., 2017;Dires, 2017;Abdela & Sultan, 2018;Worku, 2018;Yohannis & al., 2018).Anthrax and pasturolosis disease treated with the help of O. quadripartita plant root (Advisor, 2017). O. quadripartita bark gave to orally for the treatment of jaundice (Maryo et al. 2015). ...
... 18 This is due to the availability of traditional healers and local pharmacopeias, the relative affordability of herbal medicines, and the lack of access to modern medical facilities. 19 The genus Impatiens is perennial and herbs with an average of 20-40 cm in length. The stems are succulent-fleshy and flowers are white, pink, orange and purple colors. ...
... 20 In Ethiopia, it is locally known as Buri (Afan Oromo) and Gesherit (Amharic). It is used for stomach problems, 25 fire burn, 19 inflammation, 26 cellulitis 27 and wound. 28 Anthraquinones, naphthoquinone, triterpenoid saponins, phytosteroids, flavonoids, coumarins, phenolic acids, anthocyanins and volatile oils were isolated from the genus Impatiens. ...
Background
The roots of Impatiens rothii has been used as a traditional remedy for painful conditions, rheumatism, isthmus and crural aches. However, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of this plant have yet to be scientifically confirmed. The purpose of this study was to explore possible analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities 80% methanolic root extract of Impatiens rothii.
Methods
To obtain the crude extract, the roots of Impatiens rothii that had been dried and ground up were macerated in 80% methanol. The analgesic activity was determined using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests in mice, whereas the anti-inflammatory activity was analyzed using carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. The extract was orally administered at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg.
Results
All tested doses of Impatiens rothii extract showed significant analgesic activity (p<0.05) at observations of 30 to 120 minutes compared to the negative control in the hot plate test. In acetic acid-induced writhing test all tested doses of the 80% methanol extract of Impatiens rothii significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the number of writhing. In comparison to the control group, all tested doses displayed a significant decrease in paw edema, which appeared 2–5 hours after induction (p<0.05).
Conclusion
From the results of this study, it can be stated that 80% methanolic extract of Impatiens rothii possessed substantial analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, hence providing scientific basis for the use of this plant in the treatment of pain and inflammatory diseases.
