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Diplodia pseudoseriata (CBS 125527). a. Colony sporulating on PNA; b -d. conidiogenous cells and developing conidia; e -f. conidia; g -h. brown conidia at two different planes of focus to show the finely verruculose inner surface of the wall. -Scale bar: b = 10 μm, scale bar of b applies to b -h.
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The Botryosphaeriales (Dothideomycetes) includes numerous endophytic, saprobic, and plant pathogenic species associated with a wide range of symptoms, most commonly on woody plants. In a recent phylogenetic treatment of 499 isolates in the culture collection (CBS) of the Westerdijk Institute, we evaluated the families and genera accommodated in thi...
Citations
... Thus far, five Neoscytalidium species, namely, N. dimidiatum, N. hylocereum, N. novaehollandiae, N. oculi, and N. orchidacearum, have been described (November 2023;www.indexfungorum.org). Of these, N. novaehollandiae and N. orchidacearum have been reduced to synonymy with N. dimidiatum (Zhang et al., 2021). Botryosphaeria dothidea has previously been isolated as saprophyte from pycnidia on dead twigs of an unknown Quercus species in Gardane-Heyran, north of the country (Abdollahzadeh, 2009;Abdollahzadeh et al., 2013), but it is reported here for the first time as a pathogenic species isolated from necrotic wood tissues of oak trees in Iran. ...
Oak decline is a complex disorder that seriously threatens the survival of Zagros forests. In an extensive study on taxonomy and pathology of fungi associated with oak decline in the central and northern part of Zagros forests, 462 fungal isolates were obtained from oak trees showing canker, gummosis, dieback, defoliation, and partial or total death symptoms. Based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) fingerprinting patterns, morphological characteristics, and sequences of ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA and ITS) and protein coding loci (acl1, act1, caM, tef-1α, rpb1, rpb2, and tub2), 24 fungal species corresponding to 19 genera were characterized. Forty percent of the isolates were placed in eight coelomycetous species from seven genera, namely, Alloeutypa, Botryosphaeria, Cytospora, Didymella, Gnomoniopsis, Kalmusia, and Neoscytalidium. Of these, four species are new to science, which are introduced here as taxonomic novelties: Alloeutypa iranensis sp. nov., Cytospora hedjaroudei sp. nov., Cytospora zagrosensis sp. nov., and Gnomoniopsis quercicola sp. nov. According to pathogenicity trials on leaves and stems of 2-year-old Persian oak (Quercus brantii) seedlings, Alternaria spp. (A. alternata, A. atra, and A. contlous), Chaetomium globosum, and Parachaetomium perlucidum were recognized as nonpathogenic. All coelomycetous species were determined as pathogenic in both pathogenicity trials on leaves and seedling stems, of which Gnomoniopsis quercicola sp. nov., Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Neoscytalidium dimidiatum were recognized as the most virulent species followed by Biscogniauxia rosacearum.
... Phylogenetic analyses were performed individually for each locus and then as multi-locus analyses of three concatenated loci. The reference sequences were selected based on recent studies on the family Botryosphaeriaceae and the genus Diaporthe [6,19,46,61,62] (Table 2). Dothiorella viticola (CBS 117009) was selected as outgroup for species belonging to the Botryosphaeriaceae [6]. ...
Florida ranks among the most important citrus growing regions in the USA. The present study investigates the occurrence, diversity, and pathogenicity of fungal species associated with symptomatic sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) cv. Valencia plants and fruit. The survey was conducted on twigs and fruit collected in Southwest Florida during 2022. Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, the identified isolates belonged to the species Lasiodiplodia iraniensis, Diaporthe pseudomangiferae, and Diaporthe ueckerae. The pathogenicity of representative isolates was evaluated on citrus fruit and plants. Lasiodiplodia iraniensis was the most virulent on fruit and plants, followed by Diaporthe pseudomangiferae. Diaporthe ueckerae had the lowest virulence on fruit, and it was not pathogenic to plants. In vitro tests were performed to assess the effect of temperature on mycelial radial growth. The optimum temperature of growth ranged from 26.0 to 28.4 °C for all the evaluated species, and L. iraniensis showed the fastest mycelial growth. This study represents the first report of L. iraniensis as a causal agent of tree dieback and fruit stem-end rot on C. sinensis worldwide. Moreover, D. pseudomangiferae and D. ueckerae are reported here for the first time in association with citrus diseases worldwide.
... Additionally, more than 20 species of Botryosphaeriaceae have been reported to cause Botryosphaeria dieback [65]. For taxonomic treatments, we followed Hongsanan et al. [24] and Wu et al. [ For the taxonomic treatment of this genus, we followed Zhang et al. [67]. The combined dataset of ITS, tef1, and tub2 ingroup isolates from nine species consisted of 1436 characters (611 for ITS, 362 for tef1, and 463 for tub2, including alignment gaps). ...
... CT = 3.876955, and GT = 1.000000; and gamma distribution shape parameter α = 0.319888 ( Figure 9). For the taxonomic treatment of this genus, we followed Zhang et al. [67]. The combined dataset of ITS, tef1, and tub2 ingroup isolates of 13 species consisted of 1261 characters (540 for ITS, 300 for tef1, and 421 for tub2, including alignment gaps). ...
... For the taxonomic treatment of this genus, we followed Zhang et al. [67]. The combined dataset of ITS, tef1, and tub2 ingroup isolates of 13 species consisted of 1261 characters (540 for ITS, 300 for tef1, and 421 for tub2, including alignment gaps). ...
Peach (Prunus persica L.) is one of the most important and oldest stone fruits grown in China. Even though P. persica is one of the most commonly grown stone fruits in China, little is known about the biodiversity of microfungi associated with peach branch diseases. In the present study, samples were collected from a wide range of peach growing areas in China, and fungal pathogens associated with peach branch diseases were isolated. In total, 85 isolates were obtained and further classified into nine genera and 10 species. Most of the isolates belonged to Botryosphaeriaceae (46), including Botryosphaeria, Diplodia, Neofusicoccum, Phaeobotryon, and Lasiodiplodia species; Ascochyta, Didymella, and Nothophoma species representing Didymellaceae were also identified. Herein, we introduce Ascochyta prunus and Lasiodiplodia pruni as novel species. In addition, we report the first records of Nothophoma pruni, Neofusicoccum occulatum, and Phaeobotryon rhois on peach worldwide, and Didymella glomerata, Nothophoma quercina, and Phaeoacremonium scolyti are the first records from China. This research is the first comprehensive investigation to explore the microfungi associated with peach branch disease in China. Future studies are necessary to understand the pathogenicity and disease epidemiology of these identified species.
... Analyses were conducted individually for each locus (data not shown) and as multilocus sequence analyses using the following loci combinations: ITS, tub2 and tef1 for members of Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe spp. (Guarnaccia et al. 2020;Zhang et al. 2021) and ITS, tub2 and rpb2 for Nothophoma spp. (Chen et al. 2015). ...
... considering isolates from hazelnut in Iran and it was later reported as pathogen on Ostrya carpinifolia, a forest tree within the Betulaceae, in Slovenia and Italy (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2014;Pavlic-Zupanc et al. 2015). Recently, its name was proposed as a synonym of Do. sarmentorum (Zhang et al. 2021 (Hou et al. 2020). It was found in co-occurrence with A. decipiens and Do. ...
... Lasiodiplodia theobromae(CBS 164.96) (Zhang et al. 2021) was used as outgroup for species belonging to Botryosphaeriaceae. Diaporthella corylina (CBS 121124)(Guarnaccia et al. 2020) was selected as outgroup for Diaporthe spp. ...
Italy is the second largest hazelnut producer worldwide and Piedmont is one of the most productive regions in the country. The changing climatic condition and fungal trunk diseases (FTD) can have a severe impact on this crop. Particularly, the considerable spread of Cytospora cankers (‘Mal dello stacco’) and dieback represent a serious concern for producers. Thus, considering the limited studies on the causal agents, different surveys were conducted in seven hazelnut orchards during 2021 and 2022. Eight fungal species were identified: Anthostoma decipiens, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diaporthe eres, Dia. rudis, Diplodia seriata, Dip. subglobosa, Dothiorella parva and Nothophoma brennandiae . Species identification was achieved through multilocus phylogeny and morphology assessment. All the fungal species were pathogenic on healthy hazelnut plants (cultivar Tonda Gentile) and A. decipiens and Dia. eres were the most aggressive. The present study is the first report of B. dothidea and Dia. eres as causal agents of FTD on hazelnut in Italy and of Dia. rudis, Dip. subglobosa and N. brennandiae worldwide. Moreover, the study provides clarification of the fungal pathogens associated with FTD on this crop in Piedmont, thus laying the base for further studies on epidemiology, ecology and management strategies.
... Macromorphological characteristics of the fungal isolates on PDA were observed after incubation at 25°C in the dark for 3 weeks. Micromorphological characteristics were observed under a light microscope (Nikon Eclipse Ni-U, Tokyo, Japan) according to the method described in previous studies (Yang et al. 2017;Zhang et al. 2021). Size data related to the anatomical structures (e.g. ...
... In this study, two isolates of L. theobromae were isolated from rot lesions on watermelon fruits collected from northern Thailand. All isolated fungi were identified using their morphological characteristics and molecular analyses in accordance with the identification methods employed in previous investigations (Yang et al. 2017;Zhang et al. 2021). Phylogenetically, L. theobromae formed a sister taxon to L. brasiliense. ...
... The raw sequence files were assembled using MEGA v.11.0.13 (Tamura et al., 2021) and submitted to NCBI-GenBank. ITS and tef-1α sequences from this study along with reference sequences (Supplementary Table 1; Phillips et al., 2013;Dissanayake et al., 2016;Zhang et al., 2021;Wonglom et al., 2023) were concatenated using SequenceMatrix v.1.7.8 (Vaidya et al., 2011). The ambiguous regions within the alignment were excluded from the analyses and the gaps were considered missing information. ...
... Presently there are more than 30 accepted species names within Lasiodiplodia genus. Zhang et al. (2021) have synonymized 'L. vaccinii' as L. citricola; 'L. ...
... Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Penz.) Crous & Slippers (Class Dothideomycetes, order Botryospheriales, family Botryosphaeriaceae) is a common and opportunistic pathogen of woody plants worldwide (Crous et al., 2006;Al-Bedak et al., 2018;Zhang et al., 2021). Additionally, it is an emerging pathogen of medical importance, causing pulmonary infection and skin infection in immunocompromised patients (Madrid et al., 2009;Dionne et al., 2015;Alamri et al., 2021;Futatsuya et al., 2022). ...
Mango is affected by several fungal diseases, including dieback caused by species of the Botryosphaeriaceae family. Recently, mango dieback was reported from multiple locations in Israel. In this study, we isolated and characterized 11 representative fungal isolates belonging to Botryosphaeriaceae from symptomatic mango stems. Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neoscytalidium dimidiatum are reported in this study as pathogens causing mango dieback in Israel, based on morphology, phylogenetic inference (using ITS and tef1-α regions) and pathogenicity assays. Representative isolates of L. theobromae and N. dimidiatum caused dieback symptoms on detached mango stems under controlled conditions and on mango trees outdoors, growing under natural conditions under shade nets. The pathogens were re-isolated from inoculated stems, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Lasiodiplodia theobromae has not been previously reported in Israel, while N. dimidiatum has been recorded on pitahaya fruit causing internal black rot disease. In this study, we report in detail on mango dieback caused by L. theobromae and N. dimidiatum in Israel. Considering the economic impact of dieback disease on mango yield, further studies on epidemiology will assist in developing disease management strategies.
... (Phillips et al. 2007). Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) and β-tubulin gene regions of the reference isolates (M28-159 and 637) were amplified and sequenced with primers ITS1/ITS4, EF1-728 F/EF1-986R and Bt2a/Bt2b (Zhang et al. 2021) and deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. ITS: OK298386 and OK297680, EF1-α: OK346638 and OK346637 and β-tubulin: OK346635 and OK346634), respectively. ...
Canker and dieback diseases were observed in one apricot (Prunus armeniaca, cv. Haroblush™) and one nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica, cv. Fantasia) orchard showing 51% (n = 260) and 54% (n = 170) disease incidence, respectively, in Ontario, Canada. Fungal colonies were isolated and purified from small sections of wood collected from canker margins. Colonies yielded abundant white aerial mycelium that turned dark gray on potato dextrose agar after 7 days. Conidia, produced on pine needles, were hyaline to brown, ovoid, and measured 20.3–27.1 × 9.2–12.8 μm (n = 50), the typical morphology of Diplodia spp. (Phillips et al. 2007). Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) and β-tubulin gene regions of the reference isolates (M28-159 and 637) were amplified and sequenced with primers ITS1/ITS4, EF1-728 F/EF1-986R and Bt2a/Bt2b (Zhang et al. 2021) and deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. ITS: OK298386 and OK297680, EF1-α: OK346638 and OK346637 and β-tubulin: OK346635 and OK346634), respectively. The sequences were identical to Diplodia seriata strains from different hosts and countries (ITS: 99.81%, KY385657 and 100% MT587370; EF1-α: 100%, MN464230; β-tubulin: 100%, OM063099 and ON866798). A culture of M28-159 was deposited in the Canadian Collection of Fungal Cultures (DAOMC 252,254). Pathogenicity assays were performed by inoculating mycelial plugs into wounds made on 10 apricot (cv. Haroblush™) and 10 nectarine (cv. Fantasia) 2-year-old excised shoots from healthy-looking trees (Ilyukhin and Ellouze 2023). Control shoots were inoculated with sterile plugs. Twelve days post-inoculation, the necrotic lesions on apricot and nectarine shoots were 8.9 ± 1.1 and 5.2 ± 0.2 cm, respectively. Control shoots remained symptomless. Diplodia seriata was re-isolated from 90% of symptomatic shoots and species identity was confirmed by morphology, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of D. seriata on apricot and nectarine in Canada.
... Advances in molecular DNA molecular methods have provided reliable tools to discriminate cryptic species, accommodate or synonymize some taxa, and describe new genera and species. Currently, the family includes 22 genera and 281 species and some putative hybrids such as those found in Lasiodiplodia Liu et al., 2012;Phillips et al., 2013;Dissanayake et al., 2016a;Linaldeddu et al., 2016a;Slippers et al., 2017;Zhang et al., 2021). ...
Many fungi belonging to Botryosphaeriaceae are well-known as causal agents of diseases in economically and ecologically important agricultural crops and forest trees. In Italy, the high diffusion of Botryosphaeriaceae infections observed over the last decade, has shown the importance of this group of fungi, which are becoming limiting factors for plant production in agricultural systems, nurseries and natural and urban landscapes. Global warming and stress factors such as occasional extreme climatic events can affect the susceptibility of host plants, as well as fungus behaviour, increasing the risk of future infections. Available reports of Botryosphaeriaceae in Italy have been examined, focusing on wood and fruit pathogens, resulting in a list of ten genera and 57 species. Diplodia is the most widespread genus in Italy with 76 records on 44 hosts, while at species level, Neofusicoccum parvum, Botryosphaeria dothidea and Diplodia seriata show the widest host ranges and many records. The ability of the pathogens to remain latent on asymptomatic plants, and uncontrolled trade of plant materials among countries, facilitate the dissemination and potential introduction of new Botryosphaeriaceae species. Preventive detection and adequate control strategies are always needed to limit the potential damage caused by Botryosphaeriaceae. This review had particular emphasis on host-pathogen associations, disease symptoms, geographic distribution, metabolite production, and accurate pathogen identification.
... Furthermore, endophytic bacteria from the plant microbiota represent an important source of biocontrol agents displaying beneficial activities (Bustamante et al. 2022). Given the considerable variability within the Botryosphaeriaceae family (Zhang et al. 2021), it is crucial to possess a wide variety of phytosanitary products to control the disease. Considering this, our study focuses on evaluating the effect of rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria on the in vitro growth of four Botryosphaeriaceae species that cause almond canker diseases: Neofusicoccum parvum, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata and Macrophomina phaseolina. ...
BACKGROUND
Botryosphaeria dieback is a canker disease caused by fungal species of the Botryosphaeriaceae family that threatens almond productivity. The most common control measure to prevent canker development is the application of fungicides which are being phased out by European Union regulations. In the present study, two sets of bacterial strains were evaluated for their antifungal activity against pathogenic Botryosphaeriaceae species through in vitro and in vivo antagonism assays.
RESULTS
The rhizospheric bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa AC17 and Bacillus velezensis ACH16, as well as the endophytic bacteria Bacillus mobilis Sol 1–2, respectively inhibited 87, 95, and 63% of the mycelial growth of Neofusicoccum parvum, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, and Macrophomina phaseolina. Additionally, they significantly reduced the length of lesions caused by N. parvum and B. dothidea in artificially inoculated detached almond twigs. All these bacterial strains produce hydrolytic enzymes that are able to degrade the fungal cell wall. P. aeruginosa AC17 also produces toxic volatile compounds, such as hydrogen cyanide. This strain was the most effective in controlling Botryosphaeria dieback in planta under controlled conditions at a level similar to the biocontrol agent Trichoderma atroviride and standard chemical fungicide treatments.
CONCLUSION
Pseudomonas aeruginosa AC17 is the best candidate to be considered as a potential biocontrol agent against Botryosphaeriaceae fungi affecting almond. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
... The advent of DNA sequencing methods have significantly improved the nomenclature and identification of Botryosphaeria species . Given the last synonymies proposed and taxa introduced, currently the genus includes 11 accepted species, but many older names remain either untreated, or insufficiently known (Zhang et al. 2021a,b, Sun et al. 2022. Sexual morph and asexual morph reported. ...
... Although more than 1000 species epithets are listed in MycoBank and similar databases , DNA sequence data are available for a limited number of species. Currently, 28 species are recognised based mainly on the basis of molecular data and minor differences in conidial morphology , Boonmee et al. 2021, Tennakoon et al. 2021, Zhang et al. 2021a. Sexual morph and asexual morph reported. ...
... Although more than 400 species epithets are listed in MycoBank and similar databases , only a limited number of them are known from culture. Besides, while 36 species have been accepted based on morpho-molecular analyses by Dissanayake et al. 2016a, many species have been introduced since and 15 of those have been recently synonymized (Zhang et al. 2021a). Presently, 33 species of Dothiorella known from culture have been accepted based on both morphology and DNA sequence data, and, except for D. sarmentorum, all species have been introduced since 2005 , Xiao et al. 2021, Rathnayaka et al. 2022a. ...
The Botryosphaeriaceae is the largest family in Botryosphaeriales and currently comprises 22 genera of important endophytes, saprobes and plant pathogens. Most botryosphaeriaceous species have a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on a wide range of woody hosts. Nonetheless, in many hosts, including palms (Arecaceae), the complex of associated Botryosphaeriaceae taxa is as yet unknown. The present study aimed to identify the botryosphaeriaceous species associated with foliar lesions of ornamental palms in Lisbon, Portugal. Twenty-nine Botryosphaeriaceae taxa were isolated from seven different palm species and identified based on both morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Six genera were detected: Botryosphaeria, Diplodia, Dothiorella, Neodeightonia, Neofusicoccum and Sardiniella. A new species of Neodeightonia, N. chamaeropicola, is introduced. Three botryosphaeriaceous species are reduced to synonymy. Thirteen new plant host-fungus associations are reported, while four new geographical records are noted for Portugal. A synopsis of accepted and phylogenetically validated Botryosphaeriaceae taxa reported from palms worldwide is presented. A total of 31 botryosphaeriaceous species have been currently reported from Arecaceae hosts, and many of them are associated with disease symptoms. This illustrates that more systematic studies are needed to examine the complex of Botryosphaeriaceae taxa associated with palms and determine their potential pathogenicity.
